shivery 
3. Causing shivering ; chill. 
The chill, shivery October morning came; . . . the Oc- 
tober morning of Milton, whose silver mists were heavy 
fogs. Mrs. Gaskell, North and South, xxxi. 
shizoku (she-zo'ku), . [Jap. (= Chinese **/- 
(or sze-) tsu/i, ' the warn or or scholar class'), < 
shi (ors;c), warrior, scholar, + -oM (= Chinese 
tsuh), class.] 1. The military or two-sworded 
men of Japan; the gentry, as distinguished 
on the one hand from the kuicazoku or nobles, 
and on the other from the heimin or common 
people. 2. A member of this class. 
SD.O l ,pron. An obsolete or dialectal form of she. 
sho-(sho), interj. Same &s pshaw: [Colloq.,Nevv 
Eng.] 
shoad ' t, shoad 2 . See shade 1 , shade 2 . 
shoal 1 (shol), a. and . [Early mod. E. also 
shole, Sc. shaul, shawl ; early mod. E. also should, 
ahold (dial, nheld, Sc. shauld, schald, shaud, 
shawd), < ME. nchold, scholde ; with appar. un- 
orig. d (perhaps due to conformation with the 
pp. suffix -(ft), prob. lit. ' sloping,' ' slant,' < Icel. 
skjdlgr, oblique, wry, squint, = Sw. dial, skjali/, 
OSw. skalg, oblique, slant, wry, crooked, = AS. 
*sceolh (in comp. sccol-, scelff-), oblique: see 
shallow, a doublet of shoal 1 .] I. a. Shallow; 
of little depth. 
Schold, or schalowe, nogte depe, as water or other lyke. 
Basea [var. bassus]. Prompt. Pare., p. 447. 
The 21 day we sounded, and found 10 fadorae ; after that 
we sounded againe, and found but 7 fadome ; so shoalder 
and shoalder water. Hakluyt's Voyages, I. 236. 
The River of Alvarado is above a Mile over at the Mouth, 
yet the entrance is but ithole, there being Sands for near 
two Mile off the shore. Dampier, Voyages, II. ii. 123. 
The shoaler soundings generally show a strong admix- 
ture of sand, while the deeper ones appear as purer clays. 
Amer. Jour. Sci., 3d ser., XXIX. 479. 
II. n. A place where the water of a stream, 
lake, or sea is of little depth : a sand-bank or 
bar; a shallow; more particularly, among sea- 
men, a sand-bank which shows at low water: 
also used figuratively. 
Wolsey, that once trod the ways of glory, 
And sounded all the depths and shoals of honour. 
Shale., Hen. VIII., iii. 2. 438. 
So full of sholds that, if they keepe not the channell in 
the milkiest, there is no sayling but by daylight. 
Purchas, Pilgrimage, p. 707. 
The tact with which he [Mr. Gallatin] steered his way 
between the shoals that surrounded him is the most re- 
markable instance in our history of perfect diplomatic 
skill. H. Adatns, Albert Gallatin, p. 522. 
shoal 1 (shol), v. [< shoal 1 , a.] I. intrans. To 
become shallow, or more shallow. 
A splendid silk of foreign loom, 
Where like a shoaling sea the lovely blue 
Play'd into green. Tennyson, Geraint. 
The bottom of the sea off the coast of Brazil shoals 
gradually to between thirty and forty fathoms. 
Darn-in, Coral Reefs, p. 77. 
II. trans. Naut., to cause to become shallow, 
or more shallow; proceed from a greater into a 
lesser depth of : as, a vessel in sailing shoals her 
water. Marryat. 
shoal' 2 (shol), it. [Early mod. E. also shole; an 
assibilated form of scole, also scool, school, scoll, 
scull, skull, < ME. scole, a troop, throng, crowd, 
< AS. scolu, a multitude, shoal: see school^, of 
which shoafi is thus a doublet. The assibila- 
tion of scole (scool, school, etc.) to shole, shoal is 
irregular, and is prob. due to confusion with 
shoal 1 . ~\ A great multitude ; a crowd; a throng; 
of fish, a school : as, a shoal of herring ; shoals 
of people. 
I sawe a shole of shepeheardes outgoe 
With singing, and shouting, and jolly chere. 
Spenser, Shep. Cal., May. 
As yet no flowrs with odours Earth reuiued : 
No scaly shoals yet in the Waters diued. 
Sylvester, tr. of Du Bartas's Weeks, i. 1. 
A shoal 
Of darting fish, that on a summer morn . . . 
Come slipping o'er their shadows on the sand. 
Tennyson, Geraint. 
Shoal 2 (shol), v. i. [Early mod. E. also shole; 
< shoaft, n.] To assemble in a multitude ; 
crowd; throng; school, as fish. 
Thus pluckt he from the shore his lance, and left the waues 
to wash 
The waue-sprung entrailes, about which f ausens and other 
fish 
Did shole, to nibble at the fat. Chapman, Iliad, xxi. 191. 
shoaldt, a. An obsolete form of shoal 1 . 
Shoal-duck (shol'duk), w. The American eider- 
duck, more fully called Isles of Shoals duel; 
from a locality off Portsmouth in New Hamp- 
shire. See cut under eider-duck. 
shoaler (sho'ler), .. [< shoal 1 + -er 1 .] A 
sailor in the coast-trade; a coaster: in dis- 
5580 
tinction from one who makes voyages to for- 
eign ports. Shoaler-draft, light draft: used with 
reference to vessels. 
shoal-indicator (sh6rin // di-ka-tor), >i. A buoy 
or beacon of any form fixed on a shoal as a 
guide or warning to mariners. 
Shoaliness (sho'li-nes), n. The state of being 
shoaly, or of abounding in shoals. 
shoaling (sho'ling), p. a. Becoming shallow 
by filling up with shoals. 
Had it llnvereskl been a shoaling estuary, as at present, 
it is difficult to see how the Romans should have made 
choice of it as a port. Sir C. Lyell, Geol. Evidences, iii. 
shpal-mark (shol'mark), n. A mark set to in- 
dicate shoal water, as a stake or buoy. 
He . . . then began to work her warily into the next 
system of shoal-marks. 
S. L. Clemens, Life on the Mississippi, p. 140. 
shoalness (shol'nes), . [Early mod. E. also 
shohhtesse; < shoal 1 + -ness.] The state of be- 
ing shoal ; shallowness. 
These boats are . . . made according to the sholdnesse 
of the riuer, because that the riuer is in many places full 
of great stones. llaicluyt's Voyages, II. 213. 
The shoalnegs of the lagoon-channels round some of the 
islands. Darwin, Coral Reefs, p. 168. 
shoalwise (shol'wlz), adv. [< shoal' J + -wise 2 .] 
In shoals or crowds. 
When he goes abroad, as he does now shoalu'ise, John 
Bull finds a great host of innkeepers, &c. Prof. lilac/fie. 
Shoaly (sho'li), a. [< shoal 1 + -y 1 .] Full of 
shoals or shallow places ; abounding in shoals. 
The tossing vessel sailed on shoaly ground. 
Dryden, JEnelA, v. 1130. 
shoart. An obsolete spelling of share 1 and 
shore%. 
shoat, n. See shote?. 
shock 1 (shok), H. [Formerly also chock (< F. 
choc) ; < ME. "schok (found only in the verb), < 
MD. schock, D. schok = OHG. scoc, MHG. schoc, 
a shock, jolt (> OF. (and F.) choc = Sp. Pg. 
choquc, a shock, = It. cicoco, a block, stump) ; 
appar. < AS. scacan, sceacan, etc., shake: see 
shake. The varied forms of the verb (shock, > 
shot), > jog, also shuck) suggest a confusion of 
two words. The E. noun may be from the 
verb.] 1. A violent collision ; a concussion; a 
violent striking or dashing together or against, 
as of bodies; specifically, in seismology, anearth- 
quake-shock (see earthquake). 
With harsh-resounding trumpets' dreadful bray, 
And grating shock of wrathful iron arms. 
Shak., Rich. II., i. 3. 136. 
At thy command, I would with boyst'rous shock 
Go run my selfe against the hardest rock. 
Sylvester, tr. of Du Bartas's Weeks, ii., Eden. 
One of the kings of France died miserably by the chock 
of an hog. 
Up. Patrick, Divine Arithmetick, p. 27. (Latham, under 
(chock). 
It was not in the battle : 
No tempest gave the shock. 
Cowper, Loss of the Royal George. 
2. Any sudden and more or less violent physi- 
cal or mental impression. 
A cup of water, . . . yet its draught 
Of cool refreshment, drain'd by fever'd lips, 
May give a shock of pleasure to the frame. 
Talfourd, Ion, i. 2. 
With twelve great shocks of sound, the shameless noon 
Was clash'd and hummer'd from a hundred towers. 
Tennyson, Godiva. 
There is a shock of likeness when we pass from one 
thing to another which in the first instance we merely 
discriminate numerically, but, at the moment of bringing 
our attention to bear, perceive to be similar to the first ; 
j ust as there is a shock of difference when we pass between 
two disslmilars. W. James, Prin. of Psychology, I. 529. 
Specifically (a) In elect., a making or breaking of, or 
sudden variation in, an electric current, acting as a stim- 
ulant to sensory nerves or other irritable tissues. (6) 
In pathol., a condition of profound prostration of volun- 
tary and involuntary functions, of acute onset, caused by 
trauma, surgical operation, or excessive sudden emotional 
disturbance (mental shock). It is due, in part at least, to 
the over-stimulation and consequent exhaustion of the 
nervous centers, possibly combined with the inhibitory 
action of centers rendered too irritable by the over-stimu- 
lation or otherwise. 
The man dies because vital parts of the organism have 
been destroyed in the collision, and this condition of shock, 
this insensibility to useless pain, is the most merciful 
provision that can be conceived. Lancet (1887), II. 306. 
(c) A sudden attack of paralysis ; a stroke. [Colloq.] 
3. A strong and sudden agitation of the mind 
or feelings ; a startling surprise accompanied 
by grief, alarm, indignation, horror, relief, joy, 
or other strong emotion: as, a shock to the 
moral sense of a community. 
A single bankruptcy may give a shock to commercial 
centres that is felt in every home throughout all nations. 
Channing, Perfect Life. p. 132. 
shock 
She has been shaken by so many painful emotions . . . 
that I think it would be better, for this evening at least, 
to guard her from a new shock, if possible. 
Georrjc Eliot, Janet's Repentance, xxii. 
The shock of a surprise causes an animated expression 
and stir of movements and gestures, which are very much 
the same whether we are pleased or otherwise. 
A. Bain, Emotions and Will, p. 563. 
Erethismic shock, in pathol. See erethwnic.. Shock 
Of the glottis. See ylottfe. = Syn. Shock, Collie-ion, Con- 
cussion, Jolt. A shock is a violent shaking, and may be 
E reduced by a collision, a heavy jolt, or otherwise ; it may 
e of the nature of a concussion. The word is more often 
used of the effect than of the action : as, the shock of battle, 
a shock of electricity, the shock from the sudden announce- 
ment of bad news. A collisiim is the dashing of a moving 
body upon a body moving or still : as, a railroad collision; 
collitiion of steamships. Concussion is a shaking together ; 
hence the word is especially applicable where that which 
is shaken has, or may be thought of as having, parts : as, 
concussion of the air or of the brain. Collision implies the 
solidity of the colliding objects: as, the collision of two 
cannon-balls in the air. A jolt is a shaking by a single ab- 
rupt jerking motion upward or downward or both, as by a 
springless wagon on a rough road. Shock is used figura- 
tively ; we speak sometimes of the collision of ideas or of 
minds ; concussion and jolt are only literal. 
shock 1 (shok), r. [< ME. scttokkfH, < MD. schock- 
en, D. schokken = MLG. schocken = MHG. schock- 
en (> F. choquer), shock, jolt; from the noun. 
Cf. shoo 1 , joy, shuck 1 .] I. trans. 1. To strike 
against suddenly and violently ; encounter with 
sudden collision or brunt; specifically, to en- 
counter in battle : in this sense, archaic. 
Come the three corners of the world in arms, 
And we shall shock them. Shak., K. John, v. 7. 117. 
2. To strike as with indignation, horror, or dis- 
gust; cause to recoil, as from something as- 
tounding, appalling, hateful, or horrible; of- 
fend extremely ; stagger ; stun. 
This cries, There is, and that, There is no God. 
What shocks one part will edify the rest. 
Pope, Essay on Man, iv. 141. 
A nature so prone to ideal contemplation as Spenser's 
would be profoundly shocked by seeing too closely the 
ignoble springs of contemporaneous policy. 
Lowell, Among my Books, 2d ser., p. 144. 
= Syn. 2. To appal, dismay, sicken, nauseate, scandalize, 
revolt, outrage, astound. See shocks, n. 
II. intrans. 1. To collide with violence; meet 
in sudden onset or encounter. 
Chariots on chariots roll ; the clashing spokes 
Shock ; while the madding steeds break short their yokes. 
Pope, Iliad, xvi. 445. 
"Have at thee then," said Kay; they shock'd, and Kay 
Fell shoulder-slipt Tennyson, Gareth and Lynette. 
2f. To rush violently. 
He schodirde and schrenkys, and schontes [delays] bott 
lyttile, 
Bott schokkes in scharpely in his schene wedys. 
Morte Arthure (E. E. T. S.), 1. 4236. 
But at length, when they saw flying in the darke to be 
more suerty vnto them then fighting, they shocked away in 
diners companies. J. Brende, tr. of Quintus Curtius, iv. 
3. To butt, as rams. Jfalliwell. [Prov. Eng.] 
shock 2 (shok), n. [< ME. schokke, a shock,< MD. 
schocke = MLG. schok, a shock, cock, heap, = 
MHG. schoche, heap of grain, aheap, = Sw. skock, 
a crowd, heap, herd; prob. the same as OS. scok 
= D. schok = MLG. schok = MHG. schoc, G. 
schock = Sw. skock = Dan. skok, threescore, 
another particular use of the orig. sense, 'a 
heap'; perhaps orig. a heap 'shocked' or 
thrown together, ult. < shock 1 (cf. sheaf 1 , ult. 
< shove). Cf. shook 2 .] 1. In agri., a group of 
sheaves of grain placed standing in a field with 
the stalk-ends down, and so arranged as to shed 
the rain as completely as possible, in order to 
permit the grain to dry and ripen before hous- 
ing. In England also called shook or stook. 
The sheaves being yet in shocks in the field. 
North, tr. of Plutarch, p. 85. 
He . . . burnt up both the shocks and also the standing 
corn. Judges xv. 5. 
2. A similar group of stalks of Indian corn or 
maize, not made up in sheaves, but placed sin- 
gly, and bound together at the top in a conical 
form. Such shocks are usually made by gather- 
ing a number of cut stalks around a center of 
standing corn. [U. S.] 3f. A unit of tale, 
sixty boxes or canes, by a statute of Charles II. 
= Syn. 1 and 2. Stack, etc. See sheafi. 
shock 2 (shok), v. [< ME. schokken = MD. schock- 
en = MLG. schocken = MHG. schochen, heap to- 
gether in shocks; from the noun.] I. trans. 
To make up into shocks or stocks : as, to shock 
corn. 
Certainly there is no crop in the world which presents 
such a gorgeous view of the wealth of the soil as an Amer- 
ican corn-field when the com has been shocked and has 
left the yellow pumpkins exposed to view. 
New Princeton Rev., II. 184. 
II. intrans. To gather sheaves in piles or 
shocks. 
