shock 
Bind fast, shock apace, have an eye to thy corn. 
Tusse-r, August's Husbandry. 
shock 3 (shok), H. and </. [Early mod. E. also nhnij, 
also xhoiit/li. xhoiri/hc ; usually regarded as a va- 
riant otshag; but phonetic considerations are 
against this assumption, except as to *// : 
see shay 1 .] I. n. 1. A dog with long rough 
hair ; a kind of shaggy dog. 
Showghes, Water-Rugs, and Demy-Wolues are dipt 
All by the Name of Uogges. 
Shak., Macbeth (folio 1623), iii. 1. 94. 
No daintie ladies nsting-hound, 
That lives upon our Britaine ground, 
Nor mungrell cur or shog. 
Jnhn Taylor, Works (1030). (Hares.) 
2. A thick, disordered mass (of hair). 
Slim youths with shocks of nut-brown hair beneath their 
tiny red caps, J. A, Symonds, Italy and Greece, p. 70. 
II. a. Shaggy. 
A drunken Dutchman . . . fell overboard ; when he 
was sinking I reached through the water to his shock pate, 
and drew him up. B. Franklin, Autobiog., p. 34. 
shock 4 . ('. t. A dialectal variant of shuck' 2 . 
[U. S. j 
When brought to the shore, some [oysters] are sent to 
market, while others are shocked, and sold as solid meats. 
Stand. Nat. Hist., I. 259. 
shock-dog (shok'dog), . A rough-haired or 
woolly dog ; specifically, a poodle. 
You men are like our little shock-dogs: if we don't keep 
you off from us, but use you a little kindly, you grow so 
fiddling and so troublesome there is no enduring you. 
Wycherley, Gentleman Dancing-Master, ii. 2. 
The shock-dog has a collar that cost almost as much as 
mine. Steele, Tatler, No. 245. 
shocker 1 (shok'er), n. [< shockl + -er 1 .] 1. 
One who shocks: specifically, a bad charac- 
ter. Halliwell. [Prov. Eng.] 2. That which 
shocks ; specifically, a vulgarly exciting tale or 
description. Compare penny dreadful, under 
dreadful, n. [Colloq.] 
The exciting scenes have a thrill about them less grue- 
some than is produced by the shilling shocker. 
The Academy, Oct. 12, 1889, p. 235. 
shocker 2 (shok'er), n. [< shock 2 + -eel.] A 
machine for shocking corn : same as ricker. 
shock-head (shok'hed), a. and . I. a. Same 
as shock-headed; by extension, rough and bushy 
at the top. 
The shock-head willows two and two 
By rivers gallopaded. Tennyson, Amphion. 
II. . A head covered with bushy or frowzy 
hair ; a frowzy head of hair. 
A shock-head of red hair, which the hat and periwig of 
the Lowland costume had in a great measure concealed, 
was seen beneath the Highland bonnet. 
Scott, Rob Roy, xxxii. 
shock-headed (shok'hed"ed), a. Having thick 
and bushy or shaggy hair, especially when 
tumbled or frowzy. 
Two small shock-headed children were lying prone and 
resting on their elbows. 
George Eliot, Mill on the Floss, i. 11. 
shocking (shok'ing), p. a. Causing a shock of 
indignation, disgust, distress, or horror; ex- 
tremely offensive, painful, or repugnant. 
The grossest and most shocking villanies. 
Seeker, Sermons, I. xxv. 
The beasts that roam over the plain 
My form with indifference see ; 
They are so unacquainted with man, 
Their tameness is shocking to me. 
Cowper, Alexander Selkirk. 
=Syn. Wicked, Scandalous, etc. (see atrocious), frightful, 
dreadful, terrible, revolting, abominable, execrable, ap- 
palling. 
shockingly (shok'ing-li), adr. In a shocking 
manner ; alarmingly ; distressingly. 
You look most shockingly to-day. 
Goldsmith, Good-natured Man, i. 
In my opinion, the shortnessof a triennial sitting would 
. . . make the member more shamelessly and shockingly 
corrupt. Burke, Duration of Parliaments. 
shockingness (shok'ing-nes), . The state of 
being shocking. 
The shockingness of intrusion at such a time. 
The American, IX. 215. 
shod 1 (shod). Preterit and past participle of 
shoe 1 . 
shod 2 (shod), v, A dialectal preterit of shedl. 
shodden (shod'n). A past participle of shoe 1 . 
shoddy (shod'i), . and a. [Not found in early 
use, and presumably orig. a factory word ; in 
this view it is possible to consider shoddy as a 
dial, form (diminutive or extension) of dial. 
shode, lit. 'shedding,' separation, shoddy being 
orig. made of flue or fluff ' shed ' or thrown oft in 
the process of weaving, rejected threads, etc. : 
see shode^, slicd 1 , .] I. n. 1. A woolen mate- 
rial felted together, composed of old woolen 
.-,.-, si 
cloth torn into shreds, the rejected threads from 
the weaving of finer riot Us, and the like. Com- 
pare MUH//0 1 . 2. The inferior cloth made from 
this substance; hence, any unsubstantial and 
almost worthless goods. The large amount of shod- 
dy in the clothing furnished by contractors for the Union 
soldiers in the earlier part of the American civil war gave 
the word a sudden prominence. The wealth obtained liy 
these contractors and the resulting ambition of some of 
them for social prominence caused shoddy (especially as an 
adjective) to be applied to those who on account of lately 
acquired wealth aspire to asocial position higher than that 
to which their birth or breeding entitles them. 
Hence 3. A person or thing combining as- 
sumption of superior excellence with actual 
inferiority; pretense; sham; vulgar assump- 
tion. [Colloq.] 
Working up the threadbare ragged commonplaces of 
popular metaphysics and mythology into philosophic shod- 
dy. The Academy, May 11, 1889, p. 325. 
A scramble of parvenus, with a horrible consciousness 
of shoddy running through politics, manners, art, litera- 
ture, nay, religion itself. Loicell, Study Windows, p. 56. 
II. a. 1. Made of shoddy : as, shoddy cloth. 
Hence 2. Of a trashy or inferior character: 
as, shoddy literature. 3. Pretending to an ex- 
cellence not possessed; pretentious; sham; 
counterfeit; ambitious for prominence or in- 
fluence not deserved by character or breeding, 
but aspired to on account of newly acquired 
wealth : as, a shoddy aristocracy. See I. , 2. [Col- 
loq.] Shoddy fever, the popular name of a kind of 
bronchitis caused by the irritating effect of floating par- 
ticles of dust upon the mucous membrane of the trachea 
and its ramifications. 
shoddy (shod'i), v. t.; pret. and pp. shoddied, 
ppr. slioddi/iiif/. [< shoddy, .] To convert into 
shoddy. 
While woolen and even cotton goods can be shoddied, 
... no use is made of the refuse of silk. 
ifayhew, London Labour and London Poor, II. 33. 
shoddyism (shod'i-izm), . [< shoddy + -ism.] 
Pretension, on account of wealth acquirednew- 
ly or by questionable methods, to social posi- 
tion or influence to which one is not entitled by 
birth or breeding. See shoddy, n.,2. 
The Russian merchant's love of ostentation is of a pe- 
culiar kind something entirely different from English 
snobbery and American shoddyism. ... He never affects 
to be other than he really is. 
D. M. Wallace, Russia, p. 170. 
shoddy-machine (shod'i-ma-shen"), n. A form 
of rag-picker used for converting woolen rags, 
etc., into shoddy. 
shoddy-mill (shod'i-mil), . A mill used for 
spinning yarn for shoddy from the refuse ma- 
terial prepared by the willower. 
shodeH (shod), . [Also shoad; < ME. shodc, 
schode, < AS. scedd, "scdde, *sceade (cf. gescedd), 
separation : see shedl, of which shode 1 is a doub- 
let. Cf. also shode 2 and shoddy, also show 3 .'] 1. 
Separation; distinction. 2. Achasmorravine. 
Hem bituen a gret schode, 
Of gravel and erthe al so. 
Arthmtr and Merlin, p. 56. (Halliwett. ) 
3. The line of parting of the hair on the head ; 
the top of the head. 
Ful streight and evene lay his joly shade. 
Chaucer, Miller's Tale, 1. 130. 
shode 2 (shod), H. [Also shoad; prob. another 
use of shode 1 , lit. ' separation' : see shade 1 .] In 
mining, a loose fragment of veinstone ; a part 
of the outcrop of a vein which has been moved 
from its original position by gravity, marine 
or fluviatile currents, glacial action, or the like. 
[Cornwall, Eng.] 
The loads or veins of metal were by this action of the 
departing water made easy to be found out by the shoads, 
or trains of metallick fragments borne off from them, and 
lying in trains from those veins towards the sea, in the 
same course that water falling thence would take. 
Woodward. 
shode 2 (shod), v. i.; pret. and pp. shaded, ppr. 
shodiiifl. [< shaded, n.] To seek for a vein or 
mineral deposit by following the shodes, or 
tracing them to the source from which they 
were derived. [Cornwall, Eng.] 
shode-pit (shod'pit), n. A pit or trench 
formed in shoding, or tracing shodes to their 
native vein. 
shoder (sho'der), n. [< shode 1 + -erl.] A gold- 
beaters' name for the package of skin in which 
the hammering is done at the second stage of 
the work. See cutclfi and mold, 11. E. H. 
Knif/ht. 
shode-stone (shod'ston), n. Same as shade 2 . 
Shoe 1 (sho), H. ; pi. shoes (shoz), archaic pi.. thooii 
(sh8n). [Early mod. E. shoo, shooe (reduced to 
shoe, like doe, now do, for "done, doo ; the < 
being not a diphthong, but orig. long o, pron. 
o, followed by a silent e), < ME. shoo, scho, sho, 
shoe 
!in. sxn, xrliu (pi. xhooii, xclnxni, xlion, xrlion, 
; SI-/I/IIH. also aceo.f), < AS. need (seed), 
c-ontr. of "xrcuh (*sccoh) (pi. scroit, collectively 
= OS. xkoli. .sroft = OFries. sko = D. 
= MLG. LG. scho = OHG. scuoli, MHG. 
tu'liitoch, G. ttrliiili, dial, xelineh = Icel. skor (pi. 
nkiinr, xkiir) = Sw. Dan. sko = Goth, sktihs, a 
shoe. Koot unknown ; usually referred, with- 
out much reason, to the ^ ska or -\/ xku, cover, 
whence ult. E. ski/ 1 , L..sr/w, a shield, etc.] 1. 
A covering for the human foot, especially an 
external covering not reaching higher than the 
ankle, as distinguished from bunt, buskin, etc. 
Shoes in the middle ages were made of leather, and of cloth 
of various kinds, 
often the same as 
that used for other 
parts of Jhe cos- 
tume, and even of 
satin, cloth of gold, 
and other rich fab- 
rics for persons of 
rank. They were 
sometimes embroi- 
dered, and even 
set with precious 
stones. The fas- 
tening was usually 
of very simple 
character, often a 
strap passing over 
the instep, and 
secured with a button or a hook. Buckled shoes were 
worn in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. At 
the present time shoes are commonly of leather of some 
Shoe, 9th century. (From V'iolIet-le-Duc's 
" Diet, du Mobilier fran9ais."t 
Duckbill Shoes, close of 151)1 century. 
kind, but often of cloth. For wooden shoes, see sabot ; for 
ivater-proof shoes, see rubber and galosh. See also cuts 
under cracow, pcntlaine, sabbaton, sabot, and sandal. 
Two thongede schetm. Ancren Riwle, p, 362. 
His shoon of cordewane. Chaucer, Sir Thopas, 1. 21. 
Loose thy shoe from off thy foot ; for the place whereon 
thou standest is holy. Josh. v. 15. 
Her little foot . . . was still incased in its smartly buckled 
shoe. Mrs. Gaskell, Sylvia's Lovers, iv. 
2. A plate or rim of metal, usually iron, nailed 
to the hoof of 
an animal, as a 
horse, mule, ox, 
or other beast 
of burden, to de- 
fend it from in- 
jury. 3. Some- 
thing resem- 
bling a shoe in 
form, use, or po- 
sition, (o) A plate A, shoe for fore foot ; B, shoe for hind foot : 
of iron or slip of , toe-calks; *, heel-calks, 
wood nailed to the 
bottom of the runner of a sleigh or any vehicle that slides 
on the snow in winter. (6) The inclined piece at the bot- 
tom of a water-trunk or lead pipe, for turning the course 
of the water and discharging it from the wall of a build- 
ing, (c) An iron socket used in timber framing to receive 
the foot of a rafter or the end of a strut ; also, any piece, 
as a block of stone or a timber, interposed to receive the 
thrust between the base of a pillar and the substructure, 
or between the end of any member conveying a thrust 
and the bearing surface. 
Its [an Ionic column's at Bassre] widely spreading base 
still retains traces of the wooden origin of the order, and 
carries us back towards the times when a shoe was neces- 
sary to support wooden posts on the floor of an Assyrian 
hall. J. Fergtisson, Hist. Arch., I. 255. 
(d) A drag into which one of the wheels of a vehicle can be 
set; a skid. It is usually chained to another part of the ve- 
hicle, and the wheel resting in it is prevented from turn- 
ing, so that the speed of the vehicle is diminished : used 
especially in going downhill, (e) The part of a brake 
which bears against the wheel. (/) An inclined trough 
used in ore-crushing and other mills ; specifically, a slop- 
ing chute or trough below the hopper of a grain-mill, kept 
in constant vibration by the damsel (whence also called 
shakiiig-shoe\ for feeding the grain uniformly to the mill- 
stone. See cuts under milli. (g) The iron ferrule, or like 
fitting, of a handspike, pole, pile, or the like. (A) Milit.. 
the ferrule protecting the butt-end of a spear-shaft, handle 
of a halberd, or the like. It is often pointed or has a 
sharp edge for planting in the ground, or for a similar 
use. (t) In metal., a piece of chilled iron or steel at- 
tached to the end of any part of a machine by which grind- 
ing or stamping is done, in order that, as this wears away 
by use, it may be renewed without the necessity of repla- 
cing the whole thing, (j) A flat piece of thick plank slight- 
ly hollowed out on the upper side to receive the end of 
a sheer-leg to serve in moving it. (t) The step of a mast 
resting on the keelson. (J) The outer piece of the forefoot 
of a ship, (m) In printing, a rude pocket attached to a 
composing-stand, for the reception of condemned type. 
(71) In ornith., & formation of the claws of certain storks 
suggesting a shoe. Another pair of shoes, something 
entirely different. [Colloq.] 
