shofar 
shofar, . Seo nhophar. 
shofet. A Middle English preterit of shnre. 
shog 1 (shog), . ; pret. and pp. xhogf/cil, ppr. 
shagging. [< ME. schoagcn, a, var. of shoe/fen, 
shock (perhaps influenced by \V. ysgogi, wag, 
shake) : see shock 1 , and cf. jog.] I. trans. To 
shake ; agitate. 
And the boot in the myddil of the see was schoggid with 
waivis. Wyclif, Mat. xiv. 24. 
II. intrans. To shake; jog; hence, with off or 
on, to move off or move on ; be gone. 
Shall we shog ? the king will be gone from Southampton, 
Shak., Hen. V., ii. 3. 47. 
Nay, you must quit my house ; shog on. 
Uassinger, Parliament of Love, iv. 5. 
Laughter, pucker our cheekes, make shoulders shog 
With chucking lightnesse ! 
Marston, What you Will, v. 1. 
shog 1 (shog), n. [< shog 1 , .] A jog; a shock. 
Another's diving bow he did adore, 
Which with a shog casts all the hair before. 
Dryden, Epil. to Etheredge's Man of Mode, 1. 28. 
"Lads," he said, "we have had a shog, we have had a 
tumble; wherefore, then, deny it?" 
R. L. Stevenson, Black Arrow, ii. 1. 
Shog 2 t (shog), . An obsolete variant of shocks. 
shogging (shog'ing), n. [Verbal n. of shog 1 , v,~\ 
A concussion ; shaking ; jogging. 
One of these two combs . . . [in machine lace-makingl 
has an occasional lateral movement called shagging, equal 
to the interval of one tooth or bolt. Ure, Diet., III. 31. 
shoggle (shog'l), v. t. ; pret. and pp. shogglecl, 
ppr. shoggling. [Also (So.) schoggle, shogle ; 
freq.of sXofl 1 .] To shake; joggle. [Provincial.] 
shogun (sho'gon'), n. [ Jap. (= Chin. tsiang kiun, 
handle (or lead) the army), < sho (= Chin, tsiang), 
take, hold, have charge of, or lead in fight, + 
gun (= Chin, kiun, kun), army.] General: the 
title of the commander-in-chief or captain-gen- 
eral of the Japanese army during the continu- 
ance of the feudal system in that country. More 
fully called tai shogun ('great general'), or set-itai-sho- 
gun, 'barbarian-subduing-great-general' theearlierwars 
of the Japanese (when this form of the title was first used) 
having been waged against the ' barbarians ' or aboriginal 
inhabitants of the country. The office was made heredi- 
tary in the Minamoto family in 1192, when the title was 
bestowed on a famous warrior and hero named Yoritomo, 
and continued in that family or some branch of it until 
1868, when it was abolished, and the feudal system virtu- 
ally came to an end. From the first a large share of the 
governing power naturally devolved on the shogun as the 
chief vassal of the mikado. This power was gradually 
extended by the encroachments of successive shognns, 
especially of lyeyasu, founder in 1603 of the Tokugawa 
line, and in course of time the shoguns became the virtual 
rulers of the country always, however, acknowledging 
the supremacy of the mikado, and professing to act in his 
name. This state of things has given rise to the common 
but erroneous opinion and assertion that Japan had two 
emperors "a spiritual emperor"(the mikado), living in 
Kioto, and " a temporal emperor " (the shogun), who held 
court in Yedo (now called Tokio). In the troubles which 
arose subsequent to 1858 in connection with the ratifica- 
tion and enforcement of the treaties which the shogunate 
had made with foreign nations, establishing trade rela- 
tions, etc., many of the daimios, tired of the domination 
of the shogun and disapproving of the treaties, sided with 
the emperor ; this led in 1867 to the resignation of the sho- 
gun of the time, and in the following year the offlce was 
abolished, the reigning mikado undertaking to govern the 
country in person. See daimin and tycoon. 
shogunal (sho'gon-al), a. [< shogun + -al] 
Pertaining to a shogun or the shoguns, or to the 
period when they flourished, 
shogunate (sho'gon-at), w. [< shogun + -fe3.] 
The office, power, or rule of a shogun ; the gov- 
ernment of a shogun. 
The succession to the shogunate was vested in the head 
branch of the Tokugawa clan. Encyc. Brit., XIII. 683. 
shola (sho'la), H. [< Tamil sliolai.'] In south- 
ern India, a thicket or jungle. 
sholdH, ". and . An obsolete form of shoal 1 . 
shold-'t, sholdet. Obsolete preterits of shall. 
sholdret, . A Middle English form of shoulder. 
Halliweh. 
sholeH, >i; ., and r. An obsolete form of 
shoal 1 
shole' 2 t, n. An obsolete form of shoal 2 . 
shole 3 (shol), . [Prob. a var. of sole 1 , confused 
with shore 2 .] A piece of plank placed under 
the sole of a shore while a ship is building, it is 
used to increase the surface under the shore, so as to pre- 
vent its sinking into soft ground. 
sholt (sholt), n. [Cf. */iote 2 .] 1 . A shaggy dog. 
Besides these also we haue sholte or curs dailie brought 
out of Iseland, and much made of among vs bicause of 
their sawcinesse and quarrelling. 
Harrison, Descrip. of England, vii. (Holinshed's Chron., I.). 
2. Same as sheltie. 
shomet, . and v. A Middle English form of 
MOflM. 
shondeH, and n. See shand. 
shonde 2 t, Same as shande. 
5583 
shone (shon, sometimes shon). Preterit and 
past participle of xhiiit '. 
shongablet, . See slmiiiKjarrl. 
shoo't, n. An obsolete spelling of nhac 1 . 
shoo- (sho), intcrj. [Formerly also sliooc, shite, 
nhii, xlirr, xliiiiii/li, < late ME. schowe, xsou, etc.; 
cf. F. chou, It. scioia, Gr. o-ofj, aov, shoo! a vocal- 
ized form of 'sh or 'ss, a sibilatipn used to attract 
attention. Not connected with G. scheuclieu, 
scare off, etc. (see shy 1 , shewel).] Begone! off! 
away! used to scare away fowls and other ani- 
mals. 
Scioare, to cry shooe, shone, as women do to their hens. 
Florio, ed. 1611. 
Shough, though ! up to your coop, pea-hen. 
Fletcher and Rowley, Maid in the Mill, v. 1. 
shoo 2 (sho), f. [<oo2, infer/.] I. intrans. To 
cry or call out " Shoo," as in driving away fowls. 
II. trans. To scare or drive away (fowls or 
other creatures) by calling out "Shoo." 
He gave her an Ivory wand, and charged her, on her life, 
to tell him what she would do with it, and she sobbed out 
she would shoo her mother's hens to roost with it. 
The Century, XXXVII. 788. 
shood (shod), n. [Also shade; prob. a dial. var. 
of shade 1 , orig. 'separation': sea shade 1 , shade 2 . 
Cf. ulso showS.] 1. Chaff of oats, etc. [Scotch.] 
2. The husks of rice and other refuse of rice- 
mills, largely used to adulterate linseed-cake. 
Simmonds. 3. Broken pieces of floating ice. 
Jamieson. [Scotch.] 
shooft. An obsolete strong preterit of shore. 
shook 1 (shuk). Preterit of shake. 
shook 2 (shuk), M. [Cf. shock 2 .] A set of staves 
and headings sufficient for one hogshead, bar- 
rel, or the like, prepared for use and bound 
up in a compact form for convenience of trans- 
port. Boards for boxes prepared or fitted for use and 
packed in the same way bear the same name. 
All Empty Barrels must have six hoops, and be deliv- 
ered in form, shooks or staves not being a good delivery. 
New York Produce Exchange Report, 1888-9, p. 280. 
shook 2 (shuk), v. t. [< shook 2 , .; a var. of 
shock 2 .] To pack in shooks. 
shook 3 (shuk), n. Same as shock 2 , 1. 
shool 1 , n. and r. A dialectal (English and 
Scotch) variant of shovel 1 . 
shool 2 (sho'l), v. i. [Origin obscure.] To saun- 
ter about; loiter idly; also, to beg. [Prov.Eng.] 
They went all hands to shoaling and begging, and, be- 
cause I would not take a spell at the same duty, refused 
to give me the least assistance. 
Smollett, Roderick Random , xll. (Dairies.) 
shooldarry(shol-dar'i), n. ; p\.shooldarr!es(-iz). 
[Alsoshoaldarree; < Hind, chholdari.] In India, 
a small tent with a steep roof and low sides. 
shoon (shb'n), . An archaic plural of shoe 1 . 
shoongavelt, n. [ME. shongable; < shoon + 
gavel 1 .] A tax upon shoes. 
Euerych sowtere that maketh shon of newe rothes le- 
ther shal bote, at that feste of Estre, twey pans, in name 
of shongaMe. English Gilds (E. E. T. 8.), p. 359. 
shoopt. A Middle English preterit of shape. 
shoot (shot), v. ; pret. and pp. shot, ppr. shoot- 
ing (the participle shotten is obsolete). [< ME. 
shoten, schoten, also sheten, sheeten, scheten, 
sseten (pret. schot, shet, schet, sset, shette, schette, 
pi. shoten, schoten, pp. shoten, schoten, schuten), 
<! AS. sceotan (pret. scedt, pp. scoten) (the E. 
form shoot. < AS. sceotan, being parallel with 
choose, < AS. cedsan, both these verbs having 
ME. forms with e) (ME. also in weak form 
shoten, schoten, schotien (pret. schotte), < AS. 
scotian, shoot, dart, rush) ; = OS. sceotan, skeo- 
tan = OFries. skiata, schiata = D. schieten = 
MLG. scheten, LG. scheten = OHG. sciozan, 
MHG. schiezen, G. schiessen = Icel. skjota = Sw. 
skjuta = Dan. skyde = Goth, "skiutan (not re- 
corded), shoot, i. e. orig. dart forth, rush or 
move with suddenness and rapidity; perhaps 
akin to Skt. / skantl, jump, jump upward, as- 
cend, L. scandere, climb : see scan. From the 
verb shoot in its early form, or from its cog- 
nates, are ult. E. sheet 1 , shot 1 , shot 2 , shut, shut- 
tle 1 , shuttle 2 , scot 2 , scud, scuttle 2 , scuttle'**, skit 1 , 
skittish, skittle, etc.] I. intrans. 1. To dart 
forth; rush or move along rapidly; dart along. 
Certain stars shot madly from their spheres, 
To hear the sea-maid's music. 
Shak., M. N. D., ii. 1. 153. 
As the rapid of life 
Shoots to the fall. Tennyson, A Dedication. 
2. To be emitted, as light, in darting rays or 
flashes: as, the aurora shot up to the zenith. 
There shot a streaming lamp along the sky. 
Dryden, Xneid, ii. 942. 
There shot no glance from Ellen's eye 
To give her steadfast speech the lie. 
Scott, L. of the L.,iv. 18. 
shoot 
Between the logs 
Sharp quivering tongues of flame shut out. 
M. Arnold. Balder Dead. 
3. To dart along, as pain through the nerves; 
hence, to be affected with sharp darting pains. 
Stiff with clotted blood, and pierc'd with pain, 
That thrills my arm, and shoots thro' ev'ry vein. 
Pope, Iliad, xvl. 838. 
When youthful love, warm-blushing, strong, 
Keen-shivering, shot thy nerves along. 
Burn*, The Vision, ii. 
These preachers make 
His head to shoot and ache. 0. Uerbert, Misery. 
And when too short the modish Shoes are worn, 
You'll judge the Seasons by your shooting Corn. 
Gay, Trivia, I. 40. 
4. To come forth, as a plant ; put forth buds 
or shoots ; sprout ; germinate. 
Behold the flg tree, and all the trees ; when they now 
shoot forth, ye see . . . that summer is now nigh at hand. 
Luke xxi. 30. 
Onions, as they hang, will shoot forth. Bacon. 
Delightful task ! to rear the tender Thought, 
To teach the young Idea how to shoot. 
Thomson, Spring, 1. 1151. 
5. To increase rapidly in growth ; grow quickly 
taller or larger : often with up. 
I am none of those that, when they shoot to ripeness, 
Do what they can to break the boughs they grew on. 
Fletcher, Wildgoose Chase, i. 3. 
The young lord was shooting up to be like his gallant 
father. Thackeray, Henry Esmond, xi. 
The young blades of the rice shoot up above the water, 
delicately green and tender. 
J. A. Symonds, Italy and Greece, p. 260. 
6. To send out spicula ; condense into spicula 
or shoots, as in crystallization. 
If the menstruum be overcharged, . . . the metals will 
shoot into certain crystals. 
Bacon, Physiological Remains, Minerals. 
7. To lie as if pushed out ; project; jut; stretch. 
Those promontories that shoot out from the Continents 
on each side the Sea. Dampier, Voyages, II. iii. 7. 
Its [Tyrol's] dominions shoot out into several branches 
that lie among the breaks and hollows of the mountains 
Addison, Remarks on Italy (Works, ed. Bonn, I. 538). 
8. To perform the act of discharging a missile, 
as from an engine, a bow, or a gun ; fire. 
For the! schott well with Bowes. 
Mandeville, Travels, p. 154. 
Pipen he conde, and fissile and nettes beete, 
And turne coppes, and wel wrastle and sheete. 
Chaucer, Reeve's Tale, 1. 8. 
Who's there? . . . speak quickly, or I shoot. 
Shak., K. John, v. 6. 2. 
9. Specifically, to follow or practise the sport 
of killing birds or other game, large or small, 
With a gun; hunt Close-shooting firearm. See 
closes, adv. To Shoot ahead, to move swiftly forward 
or in front; outstrip competitors in running, sailing 
swimming, or the like. To shoot at rovers. See rover. 
To shoot flying, to shoot birds on the wing. 
From the days when men learned to shoot flying until 
some forty years ago, dogs were generally if not invaria- 
bly used to point out where the covey . . . was lodged. 
Encyc. Brit., XVIII. 332. 
To shoot over, in sporting language: (a) To go out 
shooting with (a dog or dogs) : said of sportsmen. 
This holiday he was about to spend in shooting oter his 
two handsome young setters, presumably now highly ac- 
complished. The Century, XXXV. 671. 
(6) To hunt upon: as, to shoot over a moor. To shoot 
over the pitcher, to brag about one's shooting. [Slang 
Australia.] 
II. trans. 1 . To send out or forth with a sud- 
den or violent motion; discharge, propel, ex- 
pel, or empty with rapidity or violence ; espe- 
cially, to turn out or dump, as the contents of a 
cart by tilting it. 
Percevelle sayde hafe it he wolde. 
And schott owtt alle the golde ; 
Righte there appone the faire molde 
The ryng owte glade. Sir Perceval, 1. 2114. 
Now is he gone ; we had no other means 
To shoot him hence but this. 
B. Jonson, Volpone, i. 1. 
When sharp Winter shoots her sleet and hardened hall. 
Drayton, Polyolbion, ii. 69. 
The law requires him to refrain from shooting this soil 
in his own yard, and it is shot on the nearest farm to 
which he has access. 
Mayhem, London Labour and London Poor, II. 510. 
2. To emit, as a ray ; dart. 
And Glory shoots new Beams from Western Skies. 
Prior, Carmen Seculare (1700), st. 5. 
The sun obliquely shoots his burning ray. 
Pope, R. of the L., iii. 20. 
3. To drive, cast, or throw, as a shuttle in 
weaving. 
An honest weaver, and as good a workman as e'er shot 
shuttle. Bean, and Fl., Coxcomb, v. 1. 
Other nations in wealing shoot the woof above the 
Egyptians beneath. A. Barlow, Weaving, p. 57. 
