shouldering-file 
shouldering-file (shol'dt-r-ing-fil), . A flat, 
safe-edged file, the narrower sides of which are 
parallel and inclined. SeeT-Jile. E.H. Kniijlit. 
shoulder-joint (ahol'der-joint), . The joint 
between the humerus and the pectoral girdle. 
In most mammals the humerus and scapula are alone con- 
cerned, but in the monotremes and lower animals the 
coracoid bone also takes part. The joint is a ball-and- 
socket or enarthrodial one, permitting extensive move- 
ments. See cuts under shoulder, sternum, and interclavicle. 
shoulder-knot (shol'der-not), . 1. A knot of 
ribbon or of metal lace worn on the shoulder. 
The fashion was introduced from France in the time of 
Charles II. It is now confined to servants in livery. 
Sir, I admire the mode of your shoulder-knot; methinks 
It hangs very emphatically, and carries an air of travel in 
it ; your sword-knot too is ... modish. 
Farquhar, Constant Couple, i. 1. 
I could not but wonder to see pantaloons and shoulder 
knots crowding among the common clowns [on a jury]. 
Roger North, Lord Guilford, I. 289. 
It is impossible to describe all the execution that was 
done by the shoulder-knot, while that fashion prevailed. 
Steele, Taller, No. 151. 
2. An epaulet. 3. A piece of jewelry made 
to wear on the shoulder, as a brooch or simple 
ornament: most generally a diamond pin set 
with many stones. 4. One of certain noctuid 
moths : an English collectors' name. Hadenii 
basilinea is the rustic shoulder-knot Shoulder- 
knot grouse, the ruffed grouse, Bonasa umbellus. Also 
tippft-grouse. J. Latham, 1783 ; J . Sabine, 18'23. 
shoulder-knotted (sh61'der-not"ed), a. [< 
shoiddfr-knot + -ed 2 .] Wearing a shoulder- 
knot. 
A shoulder-knotted Puppy, with a grin, 
Queering the threadbare Curate, let him in. 
Caiman the Younger, Poetical Vagaries, p. 144. (Davies.) 
shoulder-lobe (shol'der-lob), . Seeprothora- 
clc shoulder-lobes, \mderprothoracic. 
Shqulder-mpth (shol'der-mdth), n. One of cer- 
tain noctuid moths: an English collectors' 
name. Agrotis plecta is the flame-shoulder. 
shoulder-note (shol'der-not), n. See note 1 , 5. 
shoulder-pegged (shol'der-pegd), a. Gourdy, 
stiff, and almost without motion: applied to 
horses. 
Shoulder-piece (shol'der-pes), n. A shoulder- 
strap ; a strap or piece joining the front and 
back of a garment, and passing over the shoul- 
der. 
It [the ephod] shall have the two shoulderpieces thereof 
joined at the two edges thereof ; and so it shall be joined 
together. Ex. xxviii. 7. 
Shoulder-pitcht (shol'der-pich), n. The point 
of the shoulder; the acromion. 
Acromion. The shoulder pitch, or point, wherewith the 
hinder and fore parts of the necke are joyned together. 
Cotgrave. 
shoulder-pole (shol'der-pol), n. A pole to be 
carried on the shoulders of two persons to sup- 
port a burden slung between them. 
The double gate was thrown open to admit a couple of 
fettered convicts carrying water in a large wooden bucket 
slung between them on a shoulder-pole. 
The Century, XXXVII. 35. 
Shoulder-screw (shol'der-skro), n. An external 
screw made with a shoulder which limits the 
distance to which it can be screwed in. 
shoulder-shield (shol'der-sheld), . 1. Same 
aspauldron. 2. An outer and additional piece 
of armor worn in the just or tourney, general- 
ly on the left shoulder only. 
shoulder-shotten (sh6rder-shot"n),. Sprain- 
ed in the shoulder, as a horse. 
Swayed in the back and shoulder-shotten. 
Shak., T. of the S., iii. 2. 56. 
Shoulder-slip (shol'der-slip), n. A slip or 
sprain of the shoulder; a dislocation of the 
shoulder-joint. 
The horse will probably take so much care of himself 
as to come off with only a strain or a shoulder-slip. 
Swift, Advice to Servants (Groom). 
shoulder-slipped (shol'der-slipt), a. Having 
a slip of the shoulder ; suffering dislocation of 
the shoulder-joint. 
Mr. Floyd brought word they could not come, for one 
of their horses was shoulderslipt. 
Roger North, Examen, p. 173. 
He mounted him again upon Rosinante, who was half 
shoulder-slipped. 
Jarvis, tr. of Don Quixote, I. i. 8. (Davies.) 
Shoulder-splayed (shol'der-splad), a. Same as 
s/i mi l/ler-slipped. 
shoulder-spotted (shol'der-spot'ed), a. Hav- 
ing spotted shoulders: as, the shoulder-spotted 
roquet, Liocephalw ornatus, a tropical Ameri- 
can lizard. 
shoulder-strap (shol'der-strap), w. 1. A strap 
worn over the shoulder to support the dress or 
some article to be carried. 
5593 
He then mends the shoulder-strap of his powder-horn 
and pouches. W. St. Baker, New Timothy, p. 203. 
2. A narrow strap of cloth edged with gold bul- 
lion, and in most cases ornamented with gold or 
silver bullion, worn on the shoulder by naval 
and military commissioned officers as a badge of 
rank. The color of the cloth in the United States army 
distinguishes the various corps, while in the navy a pecu- 
liar ornament in addition to the insignia of rank is used 
to designate the corps. A strap without a bar signifies 
a second lieutenant, the corresponding navy grade being 
the ensign ; one bar, first lieutenant in the army and ju- 
nior lieutenant in the navy ; two bars, captain in the army 
and lieutenant in the navy; a gold leaf, major and lieu- 
tenant-commander ; a silver leaf, lieutenant-colonel and 
commander ; a silver eagle, colonel and captain ; a silver 
star, brigadier-general and commodore ; two silver stars, 
major-general and rear-admiral ; three silver stars, lieu- 
tenant-general and vice-admiral ; four silver stars, general 
and admiral. 
In the army of the United States the rank of officers 
is determined by the insignia on the epaulettes and 
shoulder-straps. Wilhelm, Mil. Diet., p. 475. 
3. Same as epauliere. 
shoulder-tippet (sh61'der-tip"et), 11. In en- 
tom., a patagium. See patagium (c). 
Shoulder-wrench (shol'der-rench), n. A 
wrench, strain, or sprain of the shoulder. 
shouler, . A dialectal form ofshoveler 2 . 
shoup (shoup), n. [Also dial. choup(-tree); < 
ME. schowpe, scope(-tre); perhaps ult. connected 
with hip 2 (AS. hedpe, etc.): see Afp 2 .] Same as 
hip 2 . Cath. Aug., p. 338. [Prov. Eng.] 
shourt, shouret, . Middle English forms of 
shower^. 
Shout 1 (shout), r. [Early mod. E. also showt, 
shoute, showte; < ME. shouten, schouten; origin 
unknown.] I. in trans. 1. To utter a loud sig- 
nificant call or outcry, either inarticulate, as 
in laughter, calls, signals, etc., or articulate; 
speak in a very loud and vehement manner. 
It is generally applied to loud utterance or calling ouffn 
order to express joy, applause, or exultation, to give an 
alarm, to draw attention, or to incite to an action. 
With that gan al hire meyne for to shoute : 
" A ! go we se, caste up the gates wide." 
Chaucer, Troilus, ii. 614. 
All the sons of God shouted for joy. Job xxxv iii. 7. 
2. To order drink for another or others as a 
treat. [Slang, Australia and U. S.] 
And so I shouted for him and he shouted for me, and at 
last I says " Butty," says I, " who are these chaps round 
here on the lay? " U. Kingsley, Geoffry Hamlyn, p. 336. 
He must drink a nobbier with Tom, and be prepared to 
shout for all hands at least once a day. 
A. C. Grant, Bush Life in Queensland, I. 243. 
To Shout at, to deride or revile with shouts. 
That man would be shouted at that should come forth 
in his great-grandsire's suit, though not rent, not discol- 
oured. 
Up. Hall, Fashions of the World, Sermon, Horn. xii. 2. 
II. trans. To utter in a loud and vehement 
voice ; utter with a shout ; express with raised 
voice. 
They threw their caps, . . . 
Shouting their emulation. Shak., Cor., i. 1. 218. 
The people cried, . . . 
Shouting, "Sir Galahad and Sir Percivale ! " 
Tennyson, Holy Grail. 
shout 1 (shout), . [< ME. showte, schowte ; < 
shoufl, .] A vehement and sudden outcry, ex- 
pressing joy, exultation, animated courage, or 
other emotion ; also, a loud call to attract atten- 
tion at a distance, to be heard by one hard of 
hearing, or the like. A shout is generally near a mid- 
dle pitch of the voice, as opposed to a cry, scream, shriek, 
or screech, which are all at a high pitch, and a roar, which 
is at a low pitch. 
Than a-roos a showte and so grete noyse that alle thei 
tho turned to flight, and the chase be-gan that longe en- 
dured, for from euensonge it lasted vnto nyght. 
Merlin (E. E. T. S.), ii. 223. 
Thursday, the vij Day of Januarii, the Maryoners made 
a grett Showte, seyng to vs that they sey londe. 
Torkington, Diarie of Eng. Travel!, p. 60. 
The universal host up sent 
A shout that tore hell's concave. 
Milton, P. L., i. 542. 
Great was the shout of guns from the castles and ship. 
Pepys, Diary, April 9, 1660. 
shout 2 (shout), . [Prpb. a var. of scout* in like 
sense; otherwise a dial. var. of shoot, and so 
called with ref . to its light movement.] A small 
boat, nearly flat-bottomed and very light, used 
for passing over the drains in various parts of 
Lincolnshire: when broader and larger it is 
used in shooting wild ducks in the marshes, 
and is then called a gunning-shout. [Prov. 
Eng.] 
And from two boats, forfeited anew in this year, of 
which one dung-boat, called a showte, nothing here, be- 
cause not yet appraised, but remaining in the custody of 
the accomptant of waifs and estrays. 
Archjeologia, XXIV. 303. (llallimll.) 
shove 
shouter (shou'ter), n. 1. One who shouts. 
A peal of loud applause rang out, 
And thin'd the air, tilt even the birds fell down 
Upon the shouter*' heads. Dryden, Cleomenes, i. 1. 
Hence 2. A noisy or enthusiastic adherent 
of a person or cause. [Slang, U. S.] 
shoutmant (shout'man), H. [< shout 2 + man.] 
One who manages or uses a shout. See shout'*. 
Archieologia, XXIV. 303. 
shove (shuv), . ; pret. and pp. shoved, ppr. 
shoving. [< ME. shoven, schouen, shoofen, ssofen 
(weak verb, pret. shorede), usually schoureii, 
shoicven (strong verb, pret. shof, pp. slioeen, 
shove), < AS. ncofian (weak verb, pret. scofode), 
usually scufan (strong verb, pret. sceaf, pi. scu- 
fon, pp. scofen) = OFries. skuva = D. schniven = 
MLG. schuven = OHG. sciupan, sceopan, MHG. 
G. schieben = Icel. skufa, skijfa = Sw. skuffa = 
Dan. skubbe = Goth, skiuban, shove ; allied to 
Skt. T/ kshubh, become agitated, in causal form 
agitate, shake, impel; cf. Lith. skubti, hasten, 
OBulg. skubati, pull, pluck. Hence ult. shove 1 , 
sheaff, scuffle 1 , shuffle.'] I. trans. 1. To press or 
push along by the direct application of strength 
continuously exerted ; particularly, to push 
(something) so as to make it slide or move along 
the surface of another body, either by the hand 
or by an instrument: as, to shore a table along 
the floor; to shore a boat into the water. 
Brennynge brymstone and lede many a barelle fulle, 
They shoofedde hit downne rygte as shyre watur. 
MS. Cott. Calig. A. ii., f. 115. (Halliwell.) 
The hand could pluck her back that shoved her on. 
Shak., A. and C., i. 2. 131. 
The players [at shovel-board] stand at the end of the ta- 
ble, . . . each of them having four flat weights of metal, 
which they shove from them one at a time alternately. 
Strutt, Sports and Pastimes, p. 395. 
The maiden lady herself, sternly inhospitable in her 
flrst purposes, soon began to feel that the door ought to 
be shoved back, and the rusty key be turned in the reluc- 
tant lock. Hawthorne, Seven Gables, iv. 
2f. To prop ; support. 
Hit [a tree] hadde shoriers to shoue hit up. 
Piers Plouman (U), xix. 20. 
3. To push roughly or without ceremony; 
press against ; jostle. 
Of other care they little reckoning make 
Than how to scramble at the shearers' feast, 
And shove away the worthy bidden guest ! 
Milton, Lycidas, 1. 118. 
He used to shove and elbow his fellow-servants to get 
near his mistress. Arbuthnot. 
4f. To push ; bring into prominence. 
If that I live, thy name shal be shove 
In English, that thy sleighte shal be knowe. 
Chaucer, Good Women, 1. 1381. 
To Shove by, to push aside or away ; delay or reject. 
Offence's gilded hand may shove by justice. 
Shak., Hamlet, iii. 3. 58. 
To shove down, to overthrow by pushing. 
And on Friday, after sakeryng, one come fro cherch 
warde, and scho/e doune all that was thereon, and trad on 
the wall and brake sum, and wente over. 
Paston Letters, 1. 217. 
A strong man was going to shove down St. Paul's cupola. 
Arbuthnot. 
To shove Off, to thrust or push off or away ; cause to 
move from shore by pushing with poles or oars : as, to 
shove off a boat. 
The country-folk wasted their valor upon entrenchments 
which held them easily at bay till the black boats were 
shoved o/to sea again. J. Jt. Green, Conq. of Eng., p. 85. 
To shove the queer. See queeri. =Syn. 1. To push, pro- 
pel, drive. See thrust. 
II. intrans. 1. To press or push forward; 
push ; drive ; move along. 
He Ao/ay on, he to and fro was sent. 
Chaucer, Troilus, iii. 487. 
And here is greet hevyng an shovyng be my Lord of 
Suffolk and all his counsell for to aspye hough this mater 
kani aboute. Paston Letters, I. 41. 
2. To move in a boat by pushing with a pole or 
oar which reaches to the bottom of the water 
or to the shore: often with off or from. 
Every man must know how much water his own vessel 
draws, and not to think to sail over, wheresoever he hath 
seen another . . . shove over. Donne, Sermons, XIII. 
He grasp'd the oar, 
Receiv'd Ills guests aboard, and shov'd from shore. 
Garth. 
3. To germinate; shoot; also, to cast the first 
teeth. Halliwell. [Prov. Eng.] 
shove (shuv), n. [< ME. shoffe (= Sw. slcuff = 
Dan. skub) ; < shove, r.] 1. The act of shoving, 
pushing, or pressing by strength continuously 
exerted; a strong push, generally along or as 
if along a surface. 
Than thei ffrusshed in so rudely that thei threwe CCC at 
the nrste shoffe in theire comynge. 
Merlin (R. E. T. S.), ii. 219. 
