shove 
I rested two minutes, and then gave the boat another 
uliuri'. Sicift, Gulliver's Travels, 1. 8. 
An' 'e ligs on 'is back I' the grip, wi' noan to lend 'ini a 
shone. Tennyson, Northern Farmer, New Style. 
2. The central woody part of the stem of flax or 
hemp ; the boon. 3. A forward movement of 
packed and piled ice; especially, such a move- 
ment in the St. Lawrence river at Montreal, 
caused in the early winter by the descent of the 
ground-ice from the Lachine Rapids above, 
which, on reaching the islands below the city, is 
packed, thus forming a dam. The body of water 
formed by the dam bursts the crust of ice on its surface, 
and the current shoves or pushes the ice in great cakes or 
blocks, forming in some places masses over 80 feet high. 
In the spring the shove is caused by the breaking or honey- 
combing of the ice by the heat of the sun and the pressure 
of the ice brought from Lake St. Louis by the current. 
[Local, Canada.] 
Some gentlemen were looking at the tons of ice piled 
upon the dike Wednesday, and the conversation turned 
upon the power of the ice during a shove, 
Montreal (Canada) Witness, Feb. 7, 1889. 
shove-boardt ( shuv'bord), n. [< shove + board ; 
appar. suggested by shoee-groat, < shove + obj. 
groat. The other form, shovel-board, appears to 
be earlier.] Same as shovel-board, 1 and 2. 
With me [a shilling of Edward VI.) the unthrifts every day. 
With my face downward, do at shove-board play. 
John Taylor, Travels of Twelve-pence. (Hares.) 
shove-groatt (shuv'grot), . [< shore + obj. 
pfMfcJ Same as shovel-board, 1 and 2. 
Pist. Thrust him down stairs ! know we not Galloway 
nags? 
/'"/. Quoit him down, Bardolph, like a shove-yroat shil- 
ling. Shak., -2 Hen. IV., ii. 4. 208. 
Made it run as smooth off the tongue as a shove-groat 
shilling. B. Jonson, Every Man in his Humour, iii. 2. 
shove-halfpennyt (shtiv'ha'pe-ni), n. Same 
as shoccl-board, 1 and 2. 
I remarked, however, a number of parallel lines, such 
as are used for playing shove halfpenny, on a deal table in 
the tap-room frequented by them. 
Mat/heir, London Labour and London Poor, II. 198. 
shovel 1 (shuv'l), ii. [< ME. shmele, sehovel, 
Kchorele, showe/l, schonle, sholr (> E. dial, shottl, 
shool), < AS. scofl, scofle, in oldest form scobl (= 
D. schoffel = Sw. skofvel = DttTi.skovl ; cf. (with 
long vowel) MLG. sehufelc, schSfle, schiiffcle, LG. 
schiifel, sclntffel = OHG. seuealn, MHG. schii- 
fele, schiifel, G. schaufel), a shovel, < scufan (pp. 
scofen), shove: see shove."} 1. An instrument 
consisting of a broad scoop or concave blade 
with a handle, used for taking up and removing 
loose substances, as coal, sand, earth, gravel, 
corn, coin, etc. The most common form of shovel is 
that used for removing loose earth, coal, or the like; it 
is made of thiii iron, the blade square and fiat, with low 
sides nearly at right angles with it, and a wooden handle 
somewhat curved, about two feet six inches in length, and 
terminating in a bow-handle. See fire-shovel. 
Tho nome hi spade and schole and ner the place wende 
Depe hi gonne to delue. Holy Rood (E. E. T. S.), p. 42. 
To knock him about the sconce with a dirty shovel. 
Shak., Hamlet, v. 1. 110. 
2. A shovel-hat. [Colloq.] 
A queer old hat, something like a doctor of divinity's 
ehovel. T. Hughes, Tom Brown at Rugby, i. -2. 
3. In fool., a formation suggesting a shovel. 
See cuts under paddle-fish and shorelcr". 4. 
See the quotation. [Slang.] 
In the early days after the Crimean War, the engineers 
in the Navy were a rough lot They were good men, but 
without much education. They were technically known 
as shovels. The Engineer, LXVIL 344. 
Mouth of a shovel. See mouth. Pronged shovel, a 
shovel made with prongs instead of an undivided blade: 
used for moving broken stone, etc. 
shovel 1 (shuv'l), r. ; pret. and pp. shoceled or 
shovelled, ppr. shoveling or shovelling. [< ME. 
sehocelen (= D. schoffelex, hoe, = G. schaufeln 
= Sw. skofla = Dan. skovle, shovel); from the 
noun. Cf. shoul."] I. trans. 1. To take up and 
move with a shovel. 
In winter, to shovel away the snow from the side-walk. 
Hawthorne, Seven Gables, iv. 
2. To move or throw in large quantities, hastily 
and clumsily, as if with a shovel: as, to shovel 
food into the mouth with a knife To shovel up. 
(a) To throw up with a shovel, (b) To cover up with earth 
by means of a spade or shovel. 
Oh ! who would fight and march and countermarch, 
Be shot for sixpence in a battle-field, 
And shovell'd up into a bloody trench 
Where no one knows ? Tennyson, Audley Court. 
II. intrans. To use a shovel : as, to shovel t or 
one's living. 
Shovel 2 t, [A particular use of shovel 1 , or 
abbr. of shoveler 2 , shovelbill."] Same as shoveler^. 
Bollyband, 1593. (Balliwell, under shovell.) 
Shovel 3 t, v. [< ME. shmelen; a var. of shuffle, 
q. v.] An obsolete form of shuffle. 
5594 
Shoveliny [var. stumblende] forth. 
Wiidit, Tobit xi. 10. (Strattnann.) 
They heard him quietly, without any shoceUinij of feet, 
or walking up and down. 
Latimer, 8th Sermon bef. Edw. VI., 1549. 
fhovelart, " An obsolete spelling of -. 
shovelardt (shuv'el-ard), H. [< ME. schocelerd, 
xrlirrrlurd (ef. contr. shoulerd, < ME. "sclioo- 
lai'd, scholarde) ; a var. of showier 2 , with accom. 
suffix -aril. Cl.shoiilerd."} 1. An obsolete form 
of shoveler z , 1. 
No manner of deer, heron, shovelard a species of duck. 
Statute S3 Hen. VIII., quoted in 8. Dowell's Taxes in 
[England, III. 284. 
2. An obsolete form of shoveler 2 , 2. 
shovelbill (shuv'1-bil), n. Same as shoveler'^, 1. 
[Local, U. S.] 
shovel-board, shuffle-board (shuv'l-bord, 
shuf'1-bord), . [Early mod. E. also shoojle- 
board, shoofleboord ; < shovel*, shuffle, + board. 
Cf. shoveboard, which is appar. later, but on 
etymological grounds is prob. earlier.] 1. A 
game in which the players shove or drive by 
blows of the hand pieces of money or counters 
toward certain marks, compartments, or lines 
marked on a table. As the game Is played in recent 
times, the players strive to shove the counters beyond a 
certain line and as near the end of the table as possible, 
without shoving them entirely off. Formerly also shore- 
board, and (because often played with silver pieces), slioce- 
yroat, slide-groat, shovel-penny, or shove-halfpenny. 
On a night when the lieutenant and he for their disport 
were plaieing at slidegrote or shoojteboord. 
Stanihurst, Chron. of Ireland, an. 1528 (Holinshed's 
(Chron.). 
The game of shovelboard, though now considered as ex- 
ceedingly vulgar, and practised by the lower classes of the 
people, was formerly in great repute among* the nobility 
and gentry ; and few of their mansions were without a 
shovel-board. Strutt, Sports and Pastimes, p. 16. 
31 The table or board on which the game of 
shovel-board is played ; also, the groat, shilling, 
or other coin used in the game. 
Away slid I my man like a shovel-board shilling. 
Middleton and Dekker, Roaring Oirl, v. 1. 
3. A game played on shipboard by pushing 
wooden or iron disks with a crutch-shaped 
mace or cue so that they may rest on one of 
the squares of a diagram of nine numbered 
squares chalked on the deck Edward shovel- 
boardt, a shilling of Edward VI., formerly used In play- 
ing shovel-board. 
Seven groats in mill-sixpences, and two Edward xhovel- 
boards, that cost me two shilling and twopence a-piece. 
Shak., M. W. of W., i. 1. 159. 
shoveler 1 , shoveller 1 (shuv'l-er), . [< ME. 
sctioreler; < xhovel 1 + -!.] One who shovels. 
The Hllers-in, or shovellers of dust into the sieves of sift- 
ers. Mayhm; London Labour and London Poor, II. 194. 
shoveler-, shoveller 2 (shuv'l-er), . [Early 
mod. E. also shoveler, dial, contr. shoider; < ME. 
xchoceler (cf . var. shorelar, shovelard, shoulerd) ; 
a particular use of shoreler 1 , or formed indepen- 
dently < shoreH + -rr l ; so called with ref. to its 
broad bill (from which it is also called broad- 
bill and spoonbill)."] 1. A duck, Spatula cly- 
peata, having a very broad bill which widens 
toward the end. It is a medium-sized fresh-water 
duck of the subfamily Anatina, inhabiting Europe. Asia, 
show 
greenish-gray. The shoveler is one of the best ducks for 
the table. More fully called Uue-m>ujed or red-breasted 
xliocelcr, and mud-shtivelcr; &\&o shovelbill, spoonbill, spoon- 
billed duck, spoon-billed teal or uidyeon, broadbill, broody, 
and sicaddlebill. 
2. The spoonbill Platalea Icucorodia. 
The shovelar with his brode beck. Skellon. 
shovel-fish (shuv'1-flsh), n. Same as xhoi-rl- 
hi'iiil. 
shovel-footed (shuv'l-fufed), a. [< ME. srlior- 
I'/lc-J'otnlc ; < sliorel 1 + foot + -c(ft.~\ Having 
feet like shovels; having broad and flat feet. 
Rehovelle-fotede was that schalke, and schaylande hyme 
semyde, 
With schankez unschaply, schowande [shoving, knocking] 
to-gedyrs. Morte Arthure (E. E. T. S.), 1. 1098. 
shovelful (shuv'l-ful), n. [i shovell + -//.] 
As much as a shovel will hold or will readily 
lift at one time. 
Not a shovelful of earth had been thrown up in those 
three weeks to fortify either the Federal camps or the ap- 
proaches to the depot of Pittsburg Landing. 
Comte de Paris, Civil War in America (trans.), I. 535. 
shovel-hat (shuv'1-hat), . A broad-brimmed 
hat, turned up at the sides and projecting in 
front, worn by clergymen of the Church of Eng- 
land. 
The profession of this gentleman's companion was un- 
mistakable the shovel-hat, the clerical cut of the coat, 
the neck-cloth without collar. Bulwer, My Novel, xi. 2. 
Whereas the English Johnson only bowed to every 
Clergyman, or man with a shovel-hat, I would bow to every 
Man with any sort of hat, or with no hat whatever. 
Carlyle, Sartor Resartus, Iii. 6. 
shovelhead (shuv'l -hed), u. 1. The shovel- 
headed sturgeon, Scd^hirhyitflinjiis phityrlii/ii- 
Shoveler (Spatula clyfeata). 
Africa, and America. The male is of showy party-colored 
plumage, with glossy dark-green head like a mallard's, 
white breast, purplish-chestnut abdomen, sky-blue wing- 
coverts, and rich green speculum set in black and white, 
black rump and tail-coverts, blackish bill, orange eyes, 
and vermilion or red feet. The female is much less gaudy. 
The length is from 17 to 21 inches. The eggs are about 8 
in number, little over 2 by U inches in size, pale-drab or 
Shovel-headed Sturgeon (Staphirtiyncltops platyrhytKhus}. 
chas, or another of the same genus. 2. The 
bonnet-headed shark, Sphynin or Senicepg ti- 
buro. See cut under shark^, n. 
shovel-headed (shuv'l-hed"ed), . Haying a 
broad, flat snout, like a shovel : specifically 
noting the shovelheads Shovel-headed shark. 
See shark*. 
shoveling-flat (shuv' ling-flat), w. In naval 
nrch., a flat surface in a fire-room or coal- 
bunker where coal may be shoveled conve- 
niently. It is generally made of thicker iron 
to resist the wearing of the shovels. 
shoveller, . See nhovelerl, shoveler' 2 . 
Shovelnose (shuv'1-noz), H. 1. The shovel- 
nosed sturgeon. 2. One of two different 
shovel-nosed sharks, (a) The sand-shark, Carcharias 
(or Qdontaspis) americanus. (&) A cow-shark of the Pacific 
coast of the United States, Hexanchus (or jfotidanug) cori- 
nut. 
shovel-nosed (shuv'1-nozd), . Same as shovel- 
headed. 
shovel-pennyt(shuv'l-pen*i),H. Same asshm-el- 
hoard, 1. 
shovel-plow (shuv'1-plou), n. A plow, with a 
simple triangular share, used for cultivating 
the ground between growing crops. 
shover (shuv'er), . [= D. schiiiver = MLG. 
achuver; as shove, v., + -!.] One who or that 
which shoves. Specifically () One who pushes, poles, 
or sets a boat. [Local, U. S.] 
The moon is at its full in September or October, and the 
perigee, or in shover parlance "pagy," tides take place. 
Sportsman's Gazetteer, p. 177. 
(6) A pole with which the mouth of the tunnel of a flsh- 
pound is opened and closed. [Lake Michigan. ] Shover 
of the queer, one who passes counterfeit coin. [Slang. 1 
show 1 (sho), r. ; pret. showed, pp. shown or 
showed, ppr. showing. [Also archaically shew 
(the older form); < ME. sheweti, sehewen, 
schaweii, scheawen, scheauwen, seawen, scawen, < 
AS. scedman (pret. scedicode, pp. scedwod), see, 
behold, also make to see, show, = OS. skawon 
= OFries. skaicia, skoicia, sehoia, skua = D. 
xchouwen, inspect, view, = MLG. schouwen = 
OHG. scawon, scauiron, seowon, scouwon, see, 
look at, consider, MHG. schowen, schouwen, G. 
schauen, see, behold, = Dan. skue, behold, = 
Goth, "sl-awjan (in comp. us-skaujati, awake), 
"skaijijvon. see ; cf. Goth, sktiygwa, a looking- 
glass; OHG. srucar, scncliar, a looking-glass; 
AS. sciia = OHG. scuwo = Icel. skugyi, shade 
(see ^-<7) ; Icel. skygna, spy, skodha, spy, skyn, 
insight, perception ; < Teut. / **" see P er - 
i-eive, = L. cavere (/ "scar), take heed, be care- 
ful, orig. look about, = Gr. HOUV, notice; cf. 
Skt. ///. wise ; OBulg. chilli, know, perceive, = 
Sloven. Serv. cliuti, hear, =Bohem. rhiti = Po\. 
ezue, feel, = Russ. eiiuyatl, feel, dial, cluiti, 
