shrive 
A scolere at Pares had done many full synnys, the 
whylkc he hade schame to schryfc hi/in of. 
llainpiile, rinse Treatises (E. E. T. S.), p. 7. 
Thanne Mede for here mysdedes to that man kneled, 
And shraue hire of hire Hhrcwednesse shamelees, I trowe. 
rirrx riomnan(K),m. 44. 
I am bound, ... if I have hurt my neighbor, to shrive 
miinelf unto him, and to make him amends. 
Tyndate, Ans. to Sir T. More, etc. (Parker Soc., 1850), p. 23. 
Bid call the ghostly man 
Hither, and let me shrive me clean and die. 
Tennyson, Lancelot and Elaine. 
II. intrans. 1. To receive a confession, im- 
pose the necessary penance, and grant absolu- 
tion. 
Per. It fell upon a holy eve, 
Wtt. Hey, ho, hallidaye ! 
Per. When holy fathers went to shrieve; 
Wit. Now ginneth this roundelay. 
Spenser, Shep. Cal., August. 
2. To make confession. 
And who art thou, thou Gray Brother, 
That I should shrine to thee? 
Scott, Gray Brother. 
shrive 2 (shriv), v. t. ; pret. and pp. shrived, ppr. 
shriving. [Origin obscure ; the form suggests 
a confusion of skive with shred or shroud 3 in 
similar meanings.] To prune (trees). [Prov. 
Eng.] 
shrivel (shriv'l), v.; pret. and pp. shriveled or 
shrivelled, ppr. shrireling or shrivelling. [Not 
found in ME. ; a freq. form, perhaps ult. based 
on ONorth. screpa, pine away ; cf. Norw.sJcrypa, 
waste, from the adj., Norw. shryv, transitory, 
frail, = Sw. dial, skryp, weak, feeble, frail, = 
Icel. skrjupr, brittle, frail (cf. Sw. skroplig = 
Dan. skrobelig, feeble) ; perhaps ult. connected 
with shrimp 1 , shrink. The relations of these 
forms are not clear.] I. intrans. To contract; 
draw or be drawn into wrinkles; shrink and 
form corrugations, as a .leaf in the hot sun, or 
the skin with age. 
When, shriveling like a parched scroll, 
The flaming heavens together roll. 
Scott, L. of L. M., vi. 31. 
The century shrivels like a scroll, 
The past becomes the present. 
0. W. Holmes, Burns's Centennial Celebration. 
And the vines shrivelled in the breath of war. 
Whittier, Mithridates at Chios. 
= Syn. To shrivel is to become wrinkled or corrugated 
by contraction ; to shrink is, as a rule, to contract while 
preserving the same general form. 
II. trans. 1. To contract into wrinkles; 
cause to shrink into corrugations. 
A fire from heaven came and shrivell'd up 
Their bodies, even to loathing. 
Shak., Pericles, ii. 4. 9. 
Dipping the bough of life, so pleasant once, 
In fire which shrivelled leaf and bud alike. 
Browning, Ring and Book, I. 289. 
2. To make narrow ; limit in scope. 
None but shrivelled souls with narrow vision of the facts 
of life can entertain the notion that Philosophy ought to 
be restricted within the limits of the Logic of Signs. 
O. H. Lewes, Probs. of Life and Mind, I. i. 221. 
3. To wither; blight; render impotent. 
Milton was less tolerant ; he shrivelled up the lips of his 
revilers by the austerity of his scorn. 
Landor, Imaginary Conversations, Southeyand Porson.ii. 
shriven (shriv'n). A past participle of shrive 1 . 
shriver (shri'ver), . [< ME. schryfer, ssrivere; 
< shrive 1 + -er 1 .'] One who shrives; a con- 
fessor. 
He ssel zigge his zennes clyerliche and nakedliche, zuo 
thet the ssriuere izi [may see] openlichethe herte ... of 
him that him ssrifth. 
Ayenbite of Inwift (E. E. T. S.), p. 174. 
When he was made a shriver, 'twas for shrift. 
Shak., 3 Hen. VI., iii. 2. 108. 
shriving (shri'ving), n. [Verbal n. of shrive 1 , D.] 
Shrift ; the act of one who shrives, or (as a 
priest) hears confession. 
Better a short tale than a bad long shriving. 
Spenser, Mother Hub. Tale, L 543. 
Shriving-pewt (shri'ving-pu), . Same as con- 
fessional, 1. 
To the Joyner for takynge downe the shryvyng pew, and 
making another pew in the same place. 
Churchwardens Accounts (1548) of S. Michael's, Corn- 
[hill (ed. Overall, p. 69). (Davies.) 
shroadly, adv. An obsolete or dialectal form 
of shrewdly. 
shrockled (shrok'ld), a. [Pp. of 'shrockle, ap- 
par. a freq. of *shrock, var. of shrug, ult. < Sw. 
dial, skrukka, etc., shrink: see shrink, slirn;/.] 
Withered. Halliwell. [Prov. Eng.] 
shroff ] t, See shruff. 
shroff 2 (shrof), w. [A syncopated form of An- 
glo-Ind. slut raj', xaraff, < Hind, surraf, common- 
ly saraf, vernacularly saraph, sardpe, sardpu, 
etc., < Ar. siirrdf, xairtif (initial sad), a money- 
352 
5601 
changer, a banker (cf. Heb. soref, a goldsmith), 
< niirafn, change (money), spend (money).] 1. 
In India, a banker or money-changer. 2. In 
China, Japan, etc., a native teller or silver-ex- 
pert, employed by banks and mercantile estab- 
lishments to inspect and count all dollars that 
reach the firm, and detect and throw out the 
bad or defaced ones. 
shroff' 2 (shrof), D. *. [< shroff^, n.] To inspect 
for the purpose of detecting and throwing out 
what is bad: as, to shroff dollars. [Ports of 
China and Japan.] 
shroffage (shrof 'aj), . [< shroff^ + -age.'} 1. 
The examination of coins by an expert, and the 
separation of the good from the debased or de- 
faced. 2. The expense of such expert inspec- 
tion. 
shrog (shrog), n. [An assibilated form of scrag.] 
A shrub : same as scrog. 
They cutt them downe two summer shroggs 
That grew both under a breere, 
And sett them threescore rood in twaine 
To shoote the prickes y-fere. 
Rabin Hood and Guy of Oisborne (Percy's Reliques). 
shrood (shrod), v. t. A variant of shroud^. 
shroud 1 (shroud), w. [Early mod. E. also shrowd; 
< ME. shroud, schroud, schrowde, shrud, schrud, 
srud, < AS. scrud, a garment, clothing, = Icel. 
skrudh, the shrouds of a ship, standing rigging, 
tackle, gear, appendages, ornaments, the fur- 
niture of a church, also a kind of stuff, = Norw. 
skrud, dress, ornament, = Sw. Dan. skrud, dress, 
attire ; prob. orig. a piece of stuff ' cut,' < Teut. 
/ skrud, whence also shred: see shred.'] 1. A 
garment; a covering of the nature of a gar- 
ment ; something which envelops and conceals ; 
clothing. 
I shope me in ehroudes as I a shepe [shepherd] were, 
In habite as an heremite vnholy of workes. 
Piers Plowman (B), Prol., 1. 2. 
Than bycometh the ground so proude 
That it wol have a newe shroude. 
Ram. of the Rose, 1. 64. 
Glue my nakednes 
Some shroud to shelter it. 
Chapman, Odyssey, vi. 274. 
And Jura answers, through her misty shroud, 
Back to the joyous Alps, who call to her aloud ! 
Byron, Childe Harold, iii. 92. 
2. A winding-sheet; apiece of linen or other 
cloth in which a dead body is enveloped ; hence, 
by extension, a garment for the dead, as a long 
white robe or gown, prepared expressly for the 
burial. 
The shroud wherein our Saviours blessed body was 
wrapped when it was put into the Sepulchre. 
Coryat, Crudities, I. 79. 
The knell, the shroud, the mattock, and the grave. 
Young, Night Thoughts, iv. 10. 
3f. Protection. 
But it would warm his spirits 
To hear from me you had left Antony, 
And put yourself under his shrowd, 
The universal landlord. 
Shak., A. and C., iii. 13. 71. 
4f. A place of shelter; covert; retreat. 
To schewe his lyjte in every shrowed and shade. 
Lydgate, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, 1 23. (Halliwell.) 
Vnto a selly shrowde, 
A sheepecote closely builte 
Amid the woodds. 
Oascoiyne, Philomene (ed. Arber), p. 97. 
The shroud to which he won his fair-eyed oxen. 
Chapman. 
Hun to your shrouds within these brakes and trees. 
Milton, Comas, L 147. 
5. A place under ground, as the burrow of an 
animal, a vault, the crypt of a church, etc.: 
sometimes in the plural, used collectively as a 
singular. 
The shrowds, ... a covered space on the side of the 
church [St. Paul's], to protect the congregation in inclem- 
ent seasons. Pennant, London (ed. 1813), p. 512. 
The shrouds or crowds, as we learn from Stow, was a 
chapel under the choir of St. Paul's Church, where sermons 
were preached in the winter, and when the weather would 
not permit an audience to stand in the churchyard. 
Latimer, Sermon of the Plough, note. 
6. One of the two annular plates at the periph- 
ery of a water-wheel which form the sides of 
the buckets. 
shroud 1 (shroud), v. [Early mod. E. also shrowd; 
< ME. schrouden, sehruden, scruden, also schre- 
den, shriden, sriden (pret. sehrudde, also schred, 
grid, pp. shrid, schred, ischrud, iscrud), < AS. 
scrydan, scridan (= Icel. skrytha), clothe, < 
scrud, a garment : see shroud 1 , n. Cf. enshroud."] 
I. trans. 1 . To cover as with a garment or veil ; 
especially, to clothe (a dead body) for burial. 
Thus shrotcding his body in the skinne, by stalking he 
approacheth the Deere. 
Capt. John Smith, True Travels, I. 134. 
shroud 
The trestle-bearers and the persons who held the flam- 
beaux were shrouded from forehead to foot in white sheeta 
with holes pierced for the eyes. 
T. B. Aldrich, Ponkapogto Pesth, p. 33. 
2f. To clothe one's self in; put on. 
Ligber [Lucifer] he mdde a dere srud, 
An he wurthe in him-seluen prud. 
Genesis and, Exodus (E. E. T. S.), 1. 271. 
3. To cover or deck as with a garment ; over- 
spread; inclose; envelop. 
Ther is neither busk nor hay 
In May, that it nyl shrouded ben. 
Rom. of the Rose, 1. 55. 
Thy Virgin Womb in wondrous sort shall shrowd 
Jesus the God. Cowley, Davideis, ii. 
The portraits of my forefathers, shrouded in dust, like 
the forms they represent. Irving, Knickerbocker, p. 146. 
4. To cover so as to disguise or conceal ; veil ; 
obscure. 
Sorrow close shrouded in hart, 
I know, to kepe is a burdenous smart. 
Spenser, Shep. Cal., September. 
Take heed thou hast not, under our integrity, 
Shrouded unlawful plots. Ford, Broken Heart, iii. 1. 
And sometimes too he shrowds 
His soaring Wings among the Clouds. 
Cowley, Pindaric Odes, i. 9. 
6. To shelter; screen; hide. 
Millions of birds sange ghrowded in the shade. 
Puttenham, Partheniades, ix. 
Those terrors of slaves, and mirrors of fools, ... for 
all their puissance, are glad to run into a hole, and cow- 
ardly shroud themselves. Rev. T. Adams, Works, II. 549. 
Beneath an abbey's roof 
One evening sumptuously lodged ; the next 
Humbly, in a religious hospital ; 
Or haply shrouded in a hermit's cell. Wordsworth. 
Shrouded gear, shrouded pinion, a gear or pinion in 
which the ends of the teeth are protected and strength- 
ened by flanges extending usually as high as the point of 
the teeth. 
II. intrans. 1. To put one's self undercover; 
take shelter. 
I will here shroud till the dregs of the storm be past. 
Shak., Tempest, ii. 2. 43. 
We see a cloud, 
And, fearing to be wet, do run and shroud 
Under a bush. 
Randolph, An Eclogue to Master Jonson. 
If your stray attendance be yet lodged, 
Or shroud within these limits, I shall know. 
Milton, Comus, 1. 316. 
2. To gather together, as beasts do for warmth. 
Palsgrave. (Halliwell.) 
shroud 2 (shroud), n. [Early mod. E. also 
shrowd; < ME. 'schroud (in naut. sense), < Icel. 
skrudh, the shrouds of a ship, standing rigging, 
tackle, gear, = Norw. skrud, shrouds, tackle, 
orig. ' dress,' = Sw. Dan. skrud = AS. scrud, 
dress: see shroud 1 .'] One of a set of strong 
ropes extending from a ship's mastheads to 
each side of the ship to support the mast. The 
shrouds of the lower masts and topmasts are generally 
spoken of as rigging: as, the fore-, main-,or mizzen-rigging. 
The topmast-shrouds extend from the topmast-heads to the 
top-rims. The topgallant-shrouds extend from the top- 
gallantmast-heads to the outer ends of the topmast^cross- 
trees, and frequently thence to the tops. The bowsprit- 
shrouds support the bowsprit on both sides. The fut- 
tock-shrouds, to which the lower ends of the topmast- and 
topgallant-shrouds are secured, extend from the outer 
rims of the tops and crosstrees to a spider-band round the 
lower mast or topmast. The lower ends of the fore-, 
main-, and mizzen-shrouds are set up to chain-plates 
bolted to the side of the ship. See cuts under channel? 
and *liijt. 
Such a noise arose 
As the shrouds make at sea in a stiff tempest. 
Shak., Hen. VIII., iv. 1. 72. 
Twice the Saylours had essayd 
To heaue him o're. . . . 
And now the third time stroue they him to cast ; 
Yet by the shrowds the third time held he fast. 
Sylvester, tr. of Du Bartas's Weeks, i. 5. 
Bentinck shroudst. See bentinck. 
shroud 3 (shroud), v. t. [Mso shrowd, shrood; a 
var. of shred (due in part to association with 
the ult. related shroud 1 ) : see shred, *>.] To lop 
the branches from; trim, as a tree. [Prov. 
Eng.] 
A fellow in North Wales, shrawding of a tree, fell down 
on his head, and his braine fractured, and lay for dead. 
Aubrey's Wiltshire, MS. Ashmole. (Halliwell.) 
By the time the tree was felled and shrouded. 
T. Hughes. (Imp. Diet.) 
shroud 3 t (shroud), n. [A var. of shred, or di- 
rectly from the verb shroud*, q. v.] 1. A cut- 
ting, as of a tree or plant ; a slip. 
The lyke they affirme of plantes or shrouddes of younge 
vines. Peter Martyr (tr. in Eden's first Books on Amer- 
[ica, ed. Arber, p. 73). 
2. A bough; a branch; hence, collectively, the 
branching top or foliage of a tree. 
A cedar in Lebanon, with fair branches and with a shad- 
owing shrmtd. Ezek. xxxi. 3. 
