simulant 
These are, indeed, solemn processions, which not even 
youth and beauty, or their tintidatttx, i-an make gay. 
I)'. II. Russell, Diary in India, I. 103. 
simular (sim'u-lar), a. and //. [Irreg. < L. 
simulare, make like, simulate, < similis, like: see 
fiimilur. The form is appar. due to association 
of the adj. ximilar with the verb simulate; it 
may have been suggested by the OF. ximiilain-, 
an image, simulacrum: sec gtmuiacre.} I. a. 
1. Practising simulation; feigning; deceiving. 
[Bare.] 
Thou perjured, and thuu xinnttdi' man of virtue. 
Shak., Lear, iii. -i 04. 
2. Simulated or assumed; counterfeit; false. 
[Bare.] 
I return'd with simular proof enough 
To make the noble Leonatus mad. 
Shak., Cymbeline, v. 5. 200. 
In the old poetic fame 
The gods are blind and lame, 
And the simular despite 
Betrays the more abounding might. 
Emerson, Monadnoc. 
II. n. One who simulates or feigns anything. 
[Bare.] 
Christ calleth the Pharisees hypocrites, that is to say 
simulars, and white sepulchres. Ti/ndalc. 
simulate (sim'u-lat), 11. t. ; prat, and pp. simu- 
lated, ppr. simulating. [< L. simulatus, pp. of 
ximiilan; also xiinilare (> It. simulare = Sp. Pg. 
Pr. simular = F. simuler), make like, imitate, 
copy, represent, feign, < similis, like : see sim- 
ilar. Cf. dissimulate.} 1. To assume the ap- 
pearance of, without having the reality ; feign ; 
counterfeit; pretend. 
She, while he stabbed her, simulated death. 
Browning, Ring and Book, II. 162. 
The scheme of simulated insanity is precisely the one 
he [Hamlet] would have been likely to hit upon, because 
it enabled him to follow his own bent. 
Lowell, Among my Books, 1st ser., p. 221. 
2. To act the part of ; imitate; belike; resem- 
ble. 
The pen which simulated tongue 
On paper, and saved all except the sound, 
Which never was. Browning, Ring and Book, 1. 41. 
What proof is there that brutes are other than a supe- 
rior race of marionettes, which eat without pleasure, cry 
without pain, desire nothing, know nothing, and only 
ainnla/1' intelligence as a bee simulates a mathematician? 
Huxley, Animal Automatism. 
3. Specifically (a) In phonology, to imitate 
in form. See simulation, 2. (6) In biol., to 
imitate or mimic ; resemble by way of protec- 
tive mimicry : as, some insects simulate flowers 
or leaves. See mimicry, 3. =Syn. 1. Disguise, etc. (see 
dissemble), affect, sham. 
simulate (sim'u-lat), . [<L.swHte<Ms,pp.: see 
the verb.] Feigned; pretended. 
The monkes were not threitened to be undre this curse, 
because they had vowed a simulate chastyte. 
Bp. Bale, Eng. Votaries, ii. 
simulation (sim-u-la'shon), n. [< ME. simu- 
lation, < OF. simulation, simulation, F. simula- 
tion = Pr. Sp. ximitlaridii = Pg. simulacSo = It. 
ximulazione, < L. simulatio(n-), ML. also simila- 
tio(n~), a feigning, < simulare, pp. simulatus, 
feign, simulate: see simulate.} 1. The act of 
simulating, or feigning or counterfeiting; the 
false assumption of a certain appearance or 
character; pretense, usually for the purpose of 
deceiving. 
There be three degrees of this hiding and veiling of a 
man's self : the first, closeness, reservation, and secrecy ; 
. . . the second, dissimulation in the negative when a 
man lets fall signs and arguments that he is not that he 
is ; and the third, simulation in the affirmative when a 
man industriously and expressly feigns and pretends to 
be that he is not. 
Bacon, Simulation and Dissimulation (ed. 1887). 
The simulation of nature, as distinguished from the ac- 
tual reproduction of nature, is the peculiar province of 
stage art. ScrOmer's Mag., IV. 438. 
2. Specifically (a) In phonology, imitation in 
form ; the alteration of the form of a word so as 
to approach or agree with that of another word 
having some accidental similarity, and to sug- 
gest a connection between them: a tendency 
of popular etymology. Examples are frontispiece for 
nvHtttpiet (simulating piece), curtal-ax for cutlas (simu- 
lating ax), sovereign for soccrain or "soveren (simulating 
reign), sparrowgrassloT asparagus (simulating sparrmc and 
grass), etc. 
Simulation. The feigning a connection with words of 
similar sound is an important fact in English and other 
modern languages : asparagus > sparrow-grass. It prob- 
ably had just as full play in ancient speech, but its effects 
cannot be so surely traced. 
F. A. March, Anglo-Saxon Grammar, p. 28. 
(I/) In biol., unconscious imitation or protective 
mimicry; assimilation in appearance. 3. Re- 
e; similarity. [Kare.] 
5041 
\I, why, that begins my name . . . M, (), A. I; this 
simulation is not as the former; and yet, to crush this a 
little, it would bow to me, for every one of these letters 
are in my name. Shah., T. N., ii. 5. 151. 
4. In I'rcni-li lair, a fictitious engagement, con- 
tract, or conveyance, made either as a fraud 
where no real transaction is intended, or as a 
mask or cover for a different transaction, in 
which case it may sometimes be made in good 
faith and valid. =Syn.l. See dissemble. 
simulator (sim'u-la-tor), . [= F. ximiila/i-iir 
= Sp. Pg. aiiiiiiliiilnr = It. xintuluton; < L. sim- 
ulator, an imitator, a copier, < ximiilatux, pp. 
of ximiilart', imitate, simulate, copy: see simu- 
late.] One who simulates or feigns. 
They are merely simulators of the part they sustain. 
De Quincey, Autobiog. Sketches, I. 200. (Daeies.) 
simulatory (sim'u-la-to-ri), . [< simulate + 
-ory.} Serving to deceive; characterized by 
simulation. 
Jehoram wisely suspects this flight of the Syrians to 
be but simulator!/ and politic, only to draw Israel out of 
their city, for the spoil of both. 
Bp. Hall, Famine of Samaria Relieved. 
Simuliidae (sim-u-U'i-de), . pi. [NL. (Zetter- 
stedt, 1842, as Simulides), < MMWfKffl + -idle.} 
A family of nematocerous dipterous insects, 
founded upon and containing only the genus 
fiiiHiiliuin. Also Simnlidse. 
Simulium (si-mu'li-um), n. [NL. (Latreille, 
1802), < t*. simulare, imitate, simulate: seesimu- 
la 1c. ] An important genus of biting gnats, typi- 
cal of the family Sinndiidx. They are small hump- 
backed gnats, of a gray or blackish color, with broad pale 
wings. Many well-known species belong to this genus, 
Fish-killing Buffalo-gnat (Simulium piscicidiuni}, much magnified. 
a, larva, dorsal view, with fan -shaped appendages spread ; b, pupa, 
dorsal view ; c, pupa, lateral view ; a, pupa, ventral view ; e, thoracic 
proleg of larva ; /, manner in which the circular rows of bristles are 
arranged at anal extremity. 
such as the Columbatsch midge of eastern Europe, the 
black-fly (S. molestum) of the wooded regions of the north- 
ern United States and Canada, and the bulfalo- and tur- 
key-gnats of the southwestern United States. Their bite 
is very painful, and they sometimes swarm in such num- 
bers as to become a pest. The larvaj and pupse are aquatic, 
and generally live in shallow swift-running streams. Also 
Simulia. See cut under turkey-gnat. 
simultaneity (sim"ul- or si'mul-ta-ne'i-ti), . 
[= F. simultaneity = Sp. simultaneidad = Pg. 
simultaiieidadc, < ML. simulttuteits, happening at 
the same time : see simultaneous.'} The state or 
fact of being simultaneous. 
The organs (heart, lungs, etc.) of these never-ceasing 
functions furnish, indeed, the most conclusive proofs of 
the simultaneity of repair and waste. 
U. Spencer, Priu. of Biol., B2. 
In the palmiest days of Sydney Smith and Macaulay . . . 
the great principle of simultaneity in conversation, as we 
may call it, had not been discovered, and it was still sup- 
posed that two people could not with advantage talk at 
once. The Nation, Nov. 29, 1883, p. 444. 
simultaneous (sim-ul- or si-mul-ta'ne-us), a. 
[= F. f<i in nl t/i in'* = Sp. ximiiltdneo = Pg. It. niniiil- 
taneo, < ML. simultaneity^ simiiltim, at the same 
time, extended < L. ximiil, together, at the same 
time: see similar.} Existing, occurring, or op- 
erating at the same time; contemporaneous; 
also, in Aristotelian metaphysics, having the 
same rank in the order of nature : said of two 
or more objects, events, ideas, conditions, acts, 
etc. 
Our own history interestingly shows simultaneous move- 
ments now towards freer, and now towards less free, forms 
locally and generally. //. Spencer, Prill, of Sociol., 510. 
sin 
No fact is more familiar than that there Is a simultane- 
ous impulse acting on many individual minds at once, so 
that genius comes in clusters, and shines rarely asa single 
star. 0. W. Holmes, Essays, p. 84. 
The combination, whether viiindtaiieou* or successive, 
of our conscious experiences is correlated with the combi- 
nation of the impressions made. 
V. T. Ladd, Physiol. Psychology, p. r.w). 
Simultaneous equations, equations satisfledatthesame 
time that is. with the same system of values of the nn- 
known quantities, or. in the case of differential equa- 
tions, with the same system of primitives. 
simultaneously (sim-ul- or si-mul-ta'uf-us-li). 
adc. In a simultaneous manner; at the same 
time; together in point of time. 
simultaneousness (sim-ul- or si-mul-ta'ne-us- 
nes), . The state or fact of being simultane- 
ous, or of happening at the same time, or act- 
ing in conjunction. 
simultyt (sim'ul-ti), H. [< L. siiulta(t-)s, a 
hostile encounter, rivalry, < xiutul, together: see 
simultaneous.} Rivalry; dissension. 
Nor seek to get his patron's favour by embarking him- 
self in the factions of the family ; to enquire after domes- 
tic simulties, their sports or affections. 
B. Jonson, Discoveries. 
shilling, n. The otter of Java, Lutra leptonyjc. 
simurg, simurgh (si-morg'), . [Also simorg, 
simorgli ; < Pers. simurgh, a fabulous bird (see 
def.).] A monstrous bird of Persian fable, to 
which are ascribed characters like those of the 
roc. 
But I am an "old bird," as Mr. Smith himself calls me : 
a Simorg, an " all knowing Bird of Ages " in matters of 
cyclometry. De Morgan, Budget of Paradoxes, p. 329. 
sin 1 (sin), n. [< ME. simie, synne, sunne, senne, 
zenne, < AS. syn, synn (in inflection synn-, sinn-, 
MM-) = OS. sundea, sundia = OFries. sinne, 
sende = MD. sunde, sonde, D. zonde = MLG. 
sunde, LG. sunne, sunn = OHG. suntea, sunta, 
sundea, sunda, MHG. sunde, sunde, G. sunde, 
= Icel. syndh, syntli, later synd, = Sw. Dan. 
xynd (not in Goth.), sin, akin to L. son(t-)s, 
sinful, guilty, sonticus, dangerous, hurtful, and 
perhaps to Gr. art/, sin, mischief, harm. Ac- 
cording to Curtius and others, the word is an 
abstract noun formed from the ppr. represented 
by L. *sen(t-)s, en(t-)s, being, and by AS. soth, 
true, sooth, = leel. sannr, etc., lit. 'being (so)' 
(see sooth), Goth, siinja, the truth, sooth.] 1. 
Any want of conformity unto or transgression 
of the law of God. ( Westminster Assembly's 
Shorter Catechism.) The true definition of sin is a much 
contested question, theologians being broadly divided 
into two schools of thought, the one holding that all sin 
consists in the voluntary and conscious act of the individ- 
ual, the other that it also includes the moral character and 
disposition of the race ; one that all moral responsibility is 
individual, the other that there is also a moral responsibili- 
ty of the race as a race. To these should be added a third 
school, which regards sin as simply an imperfection and 
immaturity, and therefore requiring for remedy princi- 
? ally a healthful development under favorable conditions, 
heologians also divide sin into two classes, actual sin and 
originalsin. Actual sin consists in thevoluntary conscious 
act of the individual. (See actual.) Original sin is the in- 
nate depravity and corruption of the nature common to all 
mankind. But whether this native depravity is properly 
called tin, or whether it is only a tendency to sin and 
becomes sin only when it is yielded to by the conscious 
voluntary act of the individual, is a question upon which 
theologians differ. Roman Catholic and other theolo- 
gians, following the early church fathers, distinguish be- 
tween mortal (or deadly) and venial sins. Mortal or dead- 
ly sins are such as wilfully violate the divine law, destroy 
the friendship of God, and cause the death of the soul. 
The seven mortal or deadly sins are pride, covetousness, 
lust, anger, gluttony, envy, and sloth. Venial sins are 
such transgressions as are due to inadvertence, do not de- 
stroy the friendship of God, and, while tending to become 
mortal, are not in themselves the death of the soul. The 
difference is one of degree, not of kind. 
And ye knowe also that it was do be me, and so sholde 
myn be the synne. Merlin (E. E. T. S.), i. 80. 
Sure, it is no sin ; 
Or of the deadly seven it is the least. 
Shak., M. for M., iii. 1. 111. 
At the court of assistants one Hugh Rewett was ban- 
ished for holding publicly and maintaining that he was 
free from original tin and from actual also for half a year 
before. Winthrop, Hist. New England, II. 22. 
Original sin is the product of human will as yet unindi- 
vidualized in Adam, while actual sin is the product of 
human will as individualized in his posterity. 
Shedd, Hist. Christian Doctrine, II. 81. 
2. A serious fault; an error; a transgression : 
as, a sin against good taste. 3. An incarna- 
tion or embodiment of sin. 
Thy ambition, 
Thou scarlet tin, robb'd this bewailing land 
Of noble Buckingham. Shak., Hen. VlII., iii. 2. 266. 
Canonical sins. See canonical, Deadly sin. See def. 1. 
Manofsin. See man. Mortal sin. See def. 1. Ori- 
ginal sin. See def. ]. Remission of sins. See remis- 
sion. The seven deadly sins. See def. l. Venial 
sin. See def. l.=Sjm. 1 and 2. Wrong, Iniquity, etc. 9ee 
crime. 
