sin 
Sin 1 (sin), 0. ; pret. and pp. ginned, ppr. shiti/iit/. 
[< ME. Hitmen, si/titieii, sinien, sintiien, singen, 
singeii, sungen, sungen, sinegen, < AS. synyimi, 
gesyngian = OS. sundion, stindedn = MD. sondi- 
ghen, D. zondigen = OHG. sunteon, sunton, XIIH- 
don, MHG. sundigea, sunden, smidigen, sunden, 
Gr. sutidigen = Icel. syndga = Sw. synda = Dan. 
synde, sin; from the noun.] I. intrans. 1. To 
commit a sin ; depart voluntarily from the path 
of duty prescribed by God; violate the divine 
law by actual transgression or by the neglect 
or non-observance of its injunctions. 
Thei seyn that wee synnen whan wee eten Flessche on 
the Daves before Asschc Wednesday, and of that that wee 
eten Flessche the Wednesday, and Egges and Chese upon 
the Frydayes. MandeviUe, Travels, p. 20. 
All have sinned, and come short of the glory of God. 
Rom. ill. 23. 
The tempter or the tempted, who sine most? 
Shale., M. lor M., 11. 2. 163. 
That he sinn'd is not believable ; 
For, look upon his face ! but if he sinn'd, 
The sin that practice burns into the blood, 
And not the one dark hour which brings remorse, 
Will brand us, after, of whose fold we be. 
Tennyson, Merlin and Vivien. 
2. To commit an error or a fault ; be at fault; 
transgress an accepted standard of propriety or 
taste; offend: followed by against before an 
object. 
Against thee, thee only, have I sinned. Ps. 11. 4. 
I am a man 
More sinn'd against than tinning. 
Shak., Lear, lit. 2. 60. 
I think I have never sinned against her ; I have always 
tried not to do what would hurt her. 
George Eliot, Daniel Deronda, xxxll. 
"The Old Well," . . . quite cleverly painted, and sinning 
chiefly by excessive prettiuess. The Nation, XL VII. 464. 
II. trans. 1. To do or commit, contrary to 
right or rule: with a cognate object. 
And all is past, the sin is sinn'd, and I, 
Lo ! I forgive thee, as Eternal God 
Forgives ; do thou for thine own soul the rest. 
Tennyson, Guinevere. 
[Also used impersonally, as in the following quotation : 
Meanwhile, ere thus was sinn'd and judged on earth, 
Within the gates of hell sat Sin and Death. 
Milton, P. L., x. 229.] 
2. To influence, force, or drive by sinning to 
some course of procedure : followed by an ad- 
verbial phrase noting the direction of the result 
effected. 
I have sinned away your father, and he is gone. 
Bunyan, Pilgrim's Progress, ii. 
We have sinned him hence, and that he lives 
God to his promise, not our practice, gives. 
Dryden, Britannia Kediviva, 1. 292. 
Sinning one's mercies, being ungrateful for the gifts of 
Providence. [Scotch.] 
I know your good lather would term this ginning my 
mercies. Scott. 
sin 2 (sin), adv., prep., and cotij. [< ME. sin, syn, 
sen, a contraction of sithen: see sithen, siilt 1 , 
and of. sine*, syne, since.] Same as since. 
sin. An abbreviation of sine?, 2. 
sin-absolver (sin'ab-sol"ver), n. One who ab- 
solves from the guilt of sin. [Rare.] 
A divine, a ghostly confessor, 
A sin-absolver. Shak., K. and J., ill. 3. 50. 
Sinaic (si-na'ik), a. [< Sinai + -ic.~\ Same as 
Sinaitic. 
Sinaitic (sl-na-it'ik),. [< NL. Sinaitieus, < Sinai 
(see def.).] Pertaining to Mount Sinai, or to 
the peninsula in which it is situated, in Arabia, 
between the two arms of the Eed Sea : as, Sina- 
itie inscriptions; the Sinaitic tables Sinaitic 
COdex. See codex, 2. 
sinamine (si-nam'in), . [< L. sin(api), mus- 
tard, + amine (?).] Allyl cyanide, C 3 H 5 CN, 
a substance obtained from crude oil of mus- 
tard. 
sinamont, sinamonet, n. Obsolete forms of cin- 
namon. 
sinapine (sin'a-pin), . [< F. sinapine; as Si- 
napis + -ine2.] An organic base, C 16 H 2 3NO 5 , 
existing as a sulphocyanate in white mustard- 
seed. The free base is quite unstable, and has 
not been obtained. 
Sinapis (si-na'pis), . [NL. (Linnreus, 1737), 
earlier Sinapi, < L. sinapis, usually sinapi, < Gr. 
aivam, alvrivi, ahavv, alv?/jrv, aivnirvr., in Attic 
VOTTD, mustard : see senvy.~\ A former genus of 
European and Asiatic cruciferous plants, in- 
cluding mustard, the type of the order, it is 
now regarded as a submenus of Braesica, and as such dis- 
tinguished by its spreading petals, and sessile beaked and 
cylindrical or angled pods with globose seeds. This is still 
the officinal name of mustard, of which the seeds are lax- 
ative, stimulant, emetic, and rubefacient. See mustard. 
5642 
Sinapism (sin'a-pizm), M. [= F. Siinapisme, < L. 
Kiiinpismus, < <3r. oivamanuf, a mustard-plaster, 
< oivam&iv (> L. niiuipiztirc), cover with a mus- 
tard-plaster, < olvaxt (>l,.si>iapi), mustard: see 
senvy.] A plaster composed wholly or in part 
of mustard-flour; a mustard-plaster. 
The places ought, before the application of those topicke 
medicines, to be well prepared with the razour, and a'- 
apunne or mbicative made of mustard-seed, mil ill the place 
look red. Holland, tr. of Pliny, xxix. <i. 
Sin-born (sin'bdrn), a. Born of sin ; originat- 
ing in or derived from sin ; conceived in sin. 
Thus the sin-born monster answer'd soon : 
To me, who with eternal famine pine, 
Alike is hell, or paradise, or heaven. 
Milton, P. L., x. 596. 
sin-bred (siu'bred), a. Produced or bred by sin. 
Dishonest shame 
Of nature's works, honour dishonourable, 
Sin-bred, how have ye troubled all mankind ! 
Milton, P. L., iv. 315. 
since (sins), adv., prep., and coiij. [< late ME. 
sins, syns, sens (ef. D. sinds, sints), a contrac- 
tion of sithence, ult. < sith: see sithenec, sithi."] 
1. adv. 1. After that; from then till now; from 
a specified time in the past onward ; continual- 
ly afterward ; in or during some part of a time 
between a specified past time and the present; 
in the interval that has followed a certain event 
or time ; subsequently. 
Saint George, that swinged the dragon, and e'er n 
Sits on his horse back at mine hostess' door, 
Teach us some fence ! Shak., K. John, IL 1. 288. 
I hear Butler is made since Count of the Empire. 
Hoicell, Letters, I. vi. 30. 
Ireland was probably then [1654] a more agreeable resi- 
dence for the higher classes, as compared with England, 
than It lias ever been before or since. 
Macaiday, Sir William Temple. 
2. Before now; ago : with an adverbial phrase 
specifying the amount of time separating the 
event or time in question from the present: 
as, many years since; not long since. 
This Church [ol Amiens] waa built by a certaine Bishop 
of this city, about loure hundred years since. 
Coryat, Crudities, I. 15. 
You know, if argument, or time, or love, 
Could reconcile, long since we had shook hands. 
Fletcher (and another), Love's Cure, v. 3. 
In the North long since my nest is made. 
Tennyson, Princess, iv. (song). 
II. prep. Ever from the time of; throughout 
all the time following; continuously after and 
from; at some or any time during the period 
following; subsequently to. 
You know since Pentecost the sum is due. 
Shot., C. of E., iv. 1. L 
My last was of the first current, since which I received 
one from your Lordship. Unwell, Letters, I. v. 29. 
Sam, who is a very good bottle companion, has been 
the diversion of his friends, upon account of his passion, 
ever since the year one thousand six hundred and eighty- 
one. Addition, Spectator, No. 89. 
A waste land, where no one comes, 
Or hath come, since the making of the world. 
Tennyson, Passing of Arthur. 
III. conj. 1. From the time when ; in or dur- 
ing the time after. 
A hundereth wyntyr, I watte wele, 
Is wente sen I this werke had wrought. 
York Plays, p. 49. 
Ayenst nyght the wynde fell fayre in our waye, so that 
we sayled further that nyght thanne we dyde in any daye 
syns we departed from Jatfe. 
Sir R. Guylfmde, Pylgrymage, p. 70. 
I have been in such a pickle since I saw you last. 
Shak., Tempest, v. 1. 282. 
Now we began to repent our haste in coming from the 
settlements, for we had no food since we came from thence. 
Dampier, Voyages, I. 20. 
2f. When : after verbs noting knowledge or 
recollection. 
Remember since you owed no more to time 
Than I do now : with thought of such affections, 
Step forth mine advocate. Shak., W. T., v. 1. 219. 
3. As a sequel or consequence of the fact that; 
inasmuch as; because. 
Viol. You are very bold. 
Jam. 'Tis fit, since you are proud. 
Fletcher, Spanish Curate, T. 1. 
Perhaps lor want ol food the soul may pine ; 
But that were strange, rince all things bad and good, 
Since all God's creatures, mortal and divine, 
Since God himself is her eternal food. 
Sir J. Dames, Immortal, of Soul, xxxi. 
= Syn. 3. Became, Since, As, Inasmuch as. For. Because 
(originally by cause) is strong and the most direct. Since, 
starting from the idea of mere sequence in time, is natural- 
ly less emphatic as to causation : its clause more often pre- 
cedes the main proposition. As is still weaker, and, like 
since, generally brings in the reason before the main propo- 
sition : as or since the mountain will not come to Moham- 
med, Mohammed must go to the mountain. Inasmuch as 
Is the most formal and emphatic, being used only to mark 
sincerity 
the express reason or condition. For follows the main 
proposition, and generally introduces that which is real- 
ly continuative of the main proposition and of equal or 
nearly equal importance, the idea of giving a reason be- 
ing subordinate. 
Sinceny ware. See ware^. 
sincere (sin-ser'), a. [Early mod. E. also M/- 
cere ; < OF. sincere, syncere, F. sincere = fsp. 
Pg. It. .sincere, < L. sincerus, sound, uninjured, 
whole (applied in a physical sense to the body, 
limbs, skin, etc.), clean (applied to a vessel, 
jar, etc.), pure (applied to saffron, ointment, 
gems, etc.), unmixed (applied to a race, tribe, 
etc.), real, genuine (applied to various things) ; 
in a fig. sense, sound, uncorrupted ; ult. ori- 
gin unknown. The word is appar. a com- 
pound, but the elements are uncertain, and va- 
rious views have been held: (a) Sincerus, lit. 
'without wax,' < sine, without, + cera, wax; 
explained as referring originally to clean ves- 
sels free from the wax sometimes used in seal- 
ing wine-jars, etc. This etymology is unten- 
able. (6) Sincerus, lit. 'wholly separated,' < sin-, 
'one,' seen also in singuli, one by one, simplex, 
single, simple, semel, once, etc. (see same), + -cer 
in cernere (pp. cretus), separate: see concern, dis- 
cern, (c) Sincerus, lit. 'entirely pure,' < sin-, 
' same, ever,' in L. simul, together, etc. (iden- 
tical with sin- above), + -cerus for *scerus = AS. 
scir, bright, pure, sheer: see sheer 1 .'] 1. Sound ; 
whole ; unbroken ; without error, defect, or in- 
jury. [Obsolete or archaic.] 
He tried a third, a tough well chosen spear ; 
The inviolable body stood sincere, 
Though Cygnus then did no defence provide, 
But scornful offer'd his unshielded side. 
Dryden, tr. of Ovid's Metamprph., xil. 133. 
2. Pure; unmixed; unadulterated; free from 
imitation; good throughout: as, sincere work. 
[Obsolete or archaic.] 
As newborn babes, desire the sincere milk of the word 
[the spiritual milk which is without guile, R. V.]. 
1 Pet. ii. 2. 
Wood is cheap 
And wine sincere outside the city gate. 
Browning, King and Book, II. 14. 
3. Having no admixture; free; clear: followed 
by of. [Rare.] 
Our air, sincere of ceremonious haze, 
Forcing hard outlines mercilessly close. 
Lowell, Agassiz, Iv. 26. 
4. Unalloyed or unadulterated by deceit or un- 
friendliness ; free from pretense or falsehood ; 
honestly felt, meant, or intended : as, a sincere 
wish ; a sincere effort. 
His love sincere, his thoughts immaculate. 
Shak., T. G. of V., ii. 7. 76. 
The instructions given them [the viceroys] by the Home 
Government show a sincere desire for the well-being of 
Ireland. Lecky, Eng. in 18th Cent., xvi. 
5. Free from duplicity or dissimulation ; hon- 
est in speech or intention; guileless; truth- 
ful; frank. 
A woman is too sincere to mitigate the fury of her prin- 
ciples with temper and discretion. 
Addison, Spectator, No. 57. 
If he is as deserving and nnctre as you hare represented 
him to me, he will never give you up so. 
Sheridan, The Rivals, 1. 2. 
Man's great duty is not to be sincere, but to be right ; to 
be so, and not to believe that he is so. 
//. B. Smith, System of Christian Theol., p. 190. 
6. Morally pure; undepraved; upright; vir- 
tuous; blameless. 
But now the bishop 
Turns Insurrection to religion : 
Supposed sincere and holy in his thoughts, 
He's followed both with body and with mind. 
Shak., 2 Hen. IV., i. 1. 202. 
This Countrie is thought to bane beene the habitation 
of ... Noah and his w'nccrer Familie. . . . Yethowsoone, 
and how much, they degenerated in the wicked off-spring 
of cursed Cham. Purchas, Pilgrimage, p. 78. 
A Predicant or preaching Frier, a man of sincere life 
and conuersatlon. Heywood, Hierarchy of Angels, p. 476. 
= Syn. 1 and 5. Fair, Open, etc. (see candid) ; Cordial, Sin- 
cere, etc. (see hearty), unfeigned, undissembling, artless, 
heartfelt. 
Sincerely (sin-ser'li), adv. In a sincere man- 
ner, in any sense of the word sincere; wholly ; 
purely ; with truth ; truly ; really. 
Sincereness (sin-ser'nes), n. Same as sincerity. 
sincerity (sin-ser'i-ti), . [< F. sincerity = Sp. 
sinceridad = Pg. 'sinceridade = It. sincerita, < 
L. sincerita(t-)s, < sincerus, sincere : see sincere.] 
The state or character of being sincere, (a) 
Freedom from admixture, adulteration, or alloy ; purity. 
[Obsolete or archaic.] 
The Germans are a people that more than all the world, 
I think, may boast sincerity, as being for some thousand 
of years a pure and unmixed people. 
Feltham, Brief Character of the Low Countries. 
(6) Freedom from duplicity, deceit, or falsehood ; honesty , 
truthfulness. 
