sinologue 
sinologue (sin'o-log), n. [< F. sinologue: see 
ftiiioloi/y. \ A foreigner who is versed in the 
Chinese language, literature, history, etc. 
At different times bitter controversies arose between 
Julien and his fellow Sinologues. Etuyc. Brit., XIII. 770. 
sinology (si-nol'o-ji), n. [< Or. Zivai, L. fiinie, 
the Chinese (see'Sinic), + -loyla, < teyeiv, speak: 
see -oloi/y.] That branch of knowledge which 
deals with the Chinese language and connected 
subjects. 
sinopert (sin'o-per), >i. Same as siiiojric, 1. 
sinopia(si-no'pi-a), n. [NL., < L. sinopis : see 
sinopfe.] Same as sinopis. 
sinopis (si-no'pis), n. [< L. ninopia, < Gr. aivu- 
irif, sinople : see siiio/itc.] A pigment of a fine 
red color, prepared from the earth sinople. 
sinopite(sin'o-pit),N. [< sinopis + -ite' 2 .~] Same 
as xinople, 1. 
sinople (sin'o-pl), . [Early mod. E. also si/no- 
ple, also sinoper, synoper; < ME. sinoper, syno- 
per, stjnopyr, cinoper, cynoper, cynope,(QY. sino- 
ple, sinope, F. sinople = Sp. sinople = Pg. sino- 
ple, siiiopla, sinopera = It. sinopia, senopin, red 
earth (of. Sp. riibrica sinopica, vermilion), < L. 
sinopis, a kind of red ocher used for coloring, 
ML. (and OF.) also a green color, sinople, < 
Gr. orouTTi'f, also mvuiriicq, a red earth, earth im- 
ported from Sinope, < Zivujrti, L. Sinope, Sinope, 
a port on the south coast of the Black Sea.] 1. 
A ferruginous clay, sometimes used as a pig- 
ment. Also sinopite. 2. A kind of ferruginous 
quartz found in Hungary. 3. In her., same as 
vert. 
Sinoxylon (si-nok'si-lon), n. [NL. (Duft- 
schmidt, 1825), < Gr. aivof , hurt, harm, + i-i'Aov, 
wood.] 1. A genus of serrieorn beetles, of the 
family Ptininse and subfamily Bostrichinse, hav- 
ing the antennae with a three-jointed club, and 
the tarsi long and slender with a very short 
first joint. About 20 species are known. Nearly all are 
North American ; the others occur in Europe, India, and 
Sinuate Leaf 
of Ouercus 
a * 
Red-shouldered Sinoxylon (Sinoxylon basilare). 
a, larva ; b t pupa ; c, adult. (Lines show natural sizes. ) 
Africa. S. basilare of North America is the red-shouldered 
sinoxylon, which bores into apple-twigs and grape-canes. 
2. [I.e.] A species of this genus: as, the bam- 
boo sinoxylon, a wood-boring beetle of China 
and the East Indies, frequently imported with 
bamboo. 
sinquet, sinque-pacet. Same as cinque, cinque- 
pace. 
sin-sick (sin'sik), a. Sick or suffering because 
of sin. 
Is there no means but that a sin-sick land 
Must be let blood with such a boist'rous hand ? 
Daniel, Civil Wars, iv. 46. 
O God, whose favourable eye 
The sin-sick soul revives. 
Cowper, Olney Hymns, Iviii. 
sinsiont, See simson. 
sinsyne (sin-sin'), adv. [< si 2 + sine 1 , syne.] 
Since ; ago. [Prov. Eng. and Scotch.] 
'Tis I am Peter, and this is Paul, 
And that ane, sae fair to see, 
But a twelve-month sinsyne to paradise came, 
To join with our companie. 
Lady Anne (Child's Ballads, II. 264). 
Sinter 1 (sin'ter), n. [< G. sinter, OHG. sintar, 
MHG. sinter, sinder = Icel. sindr = Sw. Dan. sin- 
der, dross: see cinder. ~] Silicious or calcareous 
matter deposited by springs. The sinter deposited 
from hot springs is generally silicious; that from cold 
ones is often calcareous. Among the former there are 
many varieties, from the very compact to the very crum- 
bly. When pure they are perfectly colorless ; but depos- 
its of this kind are often colored by iron and other me- 
tallic oxids, so that they exhibit various tints of red and 
yellow. Calcareous sinter is usually more or less porous 
in structure, and often concentrically laminated. This 
material occurs occasionally in sufficient quantity to form 
an important building-stone, as in Italy, where calcareous 
sinter is called travertino. See travertine. 
sinter-t, . An obsolete form of center^. 
Sinto, Sintoism, . See Shinto. 
sintoc, sindoc (sin'tok, sin'dok), n. [Malay.] 
A tree, Cinnamomum Sintoc, growing in the Ma- 
lay archipelago, or its aromatic bark, which re- 
sembles culilawan bark (see bark 2 ). The bark 
occasionally enters Western commerce, more, 
however, as a spice than a drug. Also syndoc. 
5651 
Sintu, n. See Shinto. 
Sinuate (sin'u-at), v. t. ; pret. and pp. sinuated, 
ppr. sinuating. [< L. sinuatiis, pp. of sinuare, 
bend, curve, swell out in curves, < siuux, a bent 
surface, a fold or hollow : see.s'/we 2 , sinus.] To 
bend or curve in and out; wind; turn. 
sinuate (sin'u-at), . [< L. sintiatus, pp. of sinu- 
are, bend: see sinuate, v.] Sinuous; serpen- 
tine; tortuous; wavy; irregularly 
turning or winding in and out, as 
a margin or edge ; indented ; notch- 
ed. Specifically (a) In conch., having a 
sinus or recess ; notched or incised, as the 
pallial line. See sinupalliate. (b) In bot., 
having the margin in a wavy line which 
bends strongly or distinctly inward and 
outward, as distinguished from repand or 
undulate, in which the wavy line bends only 
slightly inward and outward : especially 
noting leaves. Compare dentate, crenatel, 
repand. 
sinuated (sin'u-a-ted), p. a. [< sinuate + -ed%.] 
Same as sinuate. 
Sinuate-dentate (sin"u-at-den'tat), a. Inbot., 
between sinuate and dentate ; having the mar- 
gin provided with both teeth and decided sin- 
uations. 
sinuate-lobate (sin"u-at-16'bat), a. In bot., 
between sinuate and lobate. 
Sinuately (sin'u-at-li), adr. In a sinuate man- 
ner; so as to be sinuate; sinuously: as, sinu- 
ately emarginate. H. C. Wood, Fresh-Water 
Algie, p. 135. 
Sinuate-undulate (sin/'u-at-un'du-lat), a. In 
en torn., undulate with regular curves which are 
not angulated; forming a series of sinuses 
joined by arcs. Also sinuato-undulate. 
sinuation (sin-u-a'shon), n. [< sinuate + -ion.] 
1. The state of being sinuate; a winding or 
bending in and out. 2. The formation of a 
sinus or recess, as in a margin ; a shallow curved 
reentrance; an emargination. 3. A cerebral 
gyre. 
The humane brain is, in proportion to the body, much 
larger than the brains of brutes, having regard to the size 
and proportion of their bodies, and fuller of anfractus, or 
sinuations. 
Sir M. Hale, Orig. of Mankind, p. 65. (Richardson.) 
sinuato-undulate (sin-u-a't6<-un'du-lat), a. 
Same as sinuate-undulate. 
Sinu-auricular (sin"u-a-rik'u-lar), a. [< L. si- 
nus, sinus. + auricula, auricle.] Common to 
or situated between the sinus venosus and the 
auricle proper of the heart of some animals. 
The sinu-auricular aperture, seen on opening up the 
sinus venosus. 
Huxley and Martin, Elementary Biology, p. 90. 
sinuose (sin'u-os), a. [< L. sinuosus: see sinu- 
OMS.] Same as sinuous. 
sinuosely (sin'u-os-li), adv. Same as sinuously. 
H. C. Wood, Fresh- Water Algee, p. 84. 
sinuosity (sin-u-os'i-ti), n. ; pi. sinuosities (-tiz). 
[= F. sinuosite = Sp. sinuosidad = Pg. sinuosi- 
dade = It. sinuosilA; as sinuose + -ity.] 1. 
The character of being sinuous or sinuate; 
tortuousness ; anfractuosity. 
Nothing ever crawled across the stage with more accom- 
plished sinuosity than this enchanting serpent. 
Cumberland, Memoirs, I. 223. (Jodrell.) 
2. That which is sinuous or sinuated ; a wavy 
line or surface ; a sinuation ; an anfractuosity. 
There may be, even in these late days, more originality 
of thought, and flowing in more channels of harmony, more 
bursts and breaks and sinuosities, than we have yet dis- 
covered. 
Landor, Imag. Conv., Andrew Marvel and Bp. Parker. 
sinuous (sin'u-us), . [= F. sinueux = Sp. Pg. 
It. sinuoso, < L. sinuosus, full of bendings or 
folds, < sinus, a bend, fold: see sinus.] 1. 
Sinuate; tortuous; serpentine; full of curves, 
bends, or turns ; undulating. 
These [worms] as a line their long dimension drew, 
Streaking the ground with sinuous trace. 
Milton, P. L., vii. 481. 
I have sinuous shells of pearly hue. Landor, Gebir. 
2. Morally crooked ; deviating from right. 
We have in Mr. Webster the example of a man . . . 
who has acquired high station by no sinuous path, . . . 
but by a straight-forward force of character and vigor of 
intellect. Whipple, Ess. and Rev., I. 207. 
Sinuously (sin'u-us-li). adv. So as to be sinu- 
ous ; in a sinuous manner. 
Sinuousness (sin'u-us-nes), . Sinuosity. Bai- 
ley, M-ll. 
Sinupallia (sin-u-pal'i-ii), n. pi. [NL., < L. si- 
nus, a fold, hollow, + pallium, a mantle: see 
pallium.'] Same as Sinupalliata. 
sinupallial (sin-u-pal'i-al), a. [< NL. "sinu- 
pfillialis, < L. sinus, a fold, hollow, + pallium, 
a mantle: see pallial.] Same as sinupalliale. 
sinus 
Sinupallialia (sin-u-pal-i-a'li-a), n. pi. [NL., 
neut. pi. of *sinupalUalig ; see sinnpullial.] 
Same as SinupalUota. 
Sinupalliata (sin-u-pal-i-a'tji), H. pi. [NL., 
neut. pi. of "sinupatHatlU : see sinnpalliale.] A 
subdivision of lamellibranchiateor bivalve mol- 
lusks, characterized by the large size of the 
siphons, and the consequent emargination of 
the pallial impression of the hinder part of the 
shell. They are distinguished from Integropal- 
liata. Also Sinupallia and Sinupallialia, See 
cut under sinupalliate. 
Sinupalliate (sin-u-pal'i-at), a. [< NL. *sinu- 
palliatns, < L. sinus, a 
fold, hollow, + palli- 
atus, < pallium, a man- 
tle: see palliate.] Hav- 
ing a sinuous pallial 
margin and consequent 
sinuous impression on 
the shell along the line 
r.f o + fo/tliTvum*- nf *->!> Sinupalliate Right Valve of 
ot attachment 01 the i PM g; nia traiaSmit, showing 
mantle. Into the sinus ", the pallial sinus. 
thus formed the siphons, 
which are always developed in these bivalves, can more 
or less be withdrawn. The epithet contrasts with inte- 
gropalliate. Also sinupallial. 
The integropalliate are far more numerous than the 
sinupalliate forms in the older rocks. 
Huxley, Anat. Invert., p. 417. 
sinus (si'nus), n.; pi. sinus or sinuses (-ez). [< 
L. sinus, the fold of a garment, the bosom, a 
curve, hollow, bay, bight, gulf: see sine 2 .] 1. 
A bend or fold; a curving part of anything; a 
sinuosity; specifically, a bay of the sea; a gulf. 
Plato supposeth his Atlantis ... to have sunk all into 
the sea ; whether that be true or no, I do not think it im- 
possible that some arms of the sea, or sinuses, might have 
had such an original. 
T. Burnet, Theory of the Earth, I. 149. 
2. In anat. and zool., a cavity or hollow of bone 
or other tissue, in the widest sense ; a bay, re- 
cess, pocket, dilatation, or excavation, general- 
ly deeper and less open than a fossa : used with 
either English or Latin context. Specifically (o) 
A hollow or excavation in a bone of the skull ; an air-sinus. 
Such sinuses are larger than the spaces which constitute 
cancellation, or the spongy tissue of bones (see cancellate 
(&)), and most of them are specified by qualifying terms. 
See phrases below, and cuts under eyeball, craniofadal, 
and diploe. (b) A venous channel in the meninges of the 
brain : specified by a qualifying term. See phrases follow- 
ing, (c) The so-called fifth ventricle or camera of the brain, 
(rf) A notch or recess of the pallial line of a bivalve mol- 
lusk; the emargination or inlet of the posterior part of the 
pallial impression ; the siphonal scar. It is proportionate 
to the enlargement of the siphons of the mollusk whose 
mantle is thus developed. This sinus is always posterior, so 
that when it leaves a trace on the shell a valve may be read- 
ily known as right or left. The mark is seen on many of 
the valves figured in this work ; and in such cases the mark 
is to the observer's right or left, according as a right or 
left valve is shown. See cuts under bivalve, dimyarian, 
and sinupalliate. (e) Same as ampulla, 4. 
3. In pathol., a narrow passage leading to an 
abscess or other diseased locality; a fistula. 
4. In bot., the recess or rounded curve between 
two projecting lobes : as, the sinuses of a repand 
or sinuate leaf. See cuts under kidney-shaped, 
pinnatijid, repand, and sinuate Air-sinuses, ex- 
cavations within the ethmoid, frontal, sphenoid, maxil- 
lary, etc., bones, communicating with the nasal cavities 
through narrow orifices. In man the largest of these is the 
maxillary sinus, or antrum of Highmore. Aortic sinus, a 
sinus of Valsalva. See below. Basilar Sinus. Same as 
transverse nnus. Branchial, cavernous, circular, cor- 
onary sinus. See the adjectives. Common sinus of 
the vestibule. Same as utricle. Confluence of the 
sinuses, the point where six sinuses of the dura mater 
meet namely, the superior longitudinal, the two lat- 
eral, the two occipital, and the straight; the torcular 
Herophili. Cranial sinuses, (a) Same as anuses of 
the dura mater. (6) The bony air-sinuses of the head. 
See def. 2 (a). DiploiC sinuses, irregular branching 
channels in the diploe of the skull for the accommoda- 
tion of veins. Etnmoldal sinuses, irregular cavities 
in the lateral masses of the ethmoid, completed by the 
sphenoid, lacrymal, superior maxillary, and frontal bones 
in the articulated skull. The anterior, the larger and 
more numerous ones, open into the middle, the posterior 
into the superior meatus of the nose. Falciform sinus. 
Same as longitudinal sinus. Frontal sinuses, hollow 
spaces between the outer and inner tables of the frontal 
bone, over the root of the nose, in man extending outward 
from behind the glabella to a variable distance above each 
orbit, and opening into the middle meatus of the nose on 
each side through the infundibula. They are wanting in 
early youth, and attain their greatest size in old age, but 
are always small in comparison with their great develop- 
ment in some animals, as the elephant. Galactopho- 
rous sinuses, the ampullae of the galactophorous ducts. 
Genital sinus. See pemfaZ. Genito-urinary sinus, 
the urogenital sinus, a cavity or recess common to the 
genital and the urinary passages, often forming a part of 
the cloaca. Great sinus of the aorta, a dilatation, 
usually apparent, along the right side of the ascending 
part of the arch of the aorta. Intercavernous sinuses, 
two transverse channels, the anterior and the posterior, 
which connect the right and left cavernous sinuses, and 
thus complete the circular sinus. Lacrymal, maxil- 
lary, occipital, pallial sinus. See the adjectives. 
