siphon 
\Vateriii;iy I ir.M>/ir,mr/ iiver obstacles which are less than 
32 feet higher than the surface of the water. 
Pop.Encyc. (Imp. Diet.) 
II. iittrttHN. To pass or be conducted through 
a siphon. 
On introducing the bent tube, a little of the zinc solution 
will first siphon over and sink to the bottom of the copper 
solutic.li. Set. Amer., N. S., LVII. 370. 
siphonaceous (si-fo-na'shius), . [< si/>//<i + 
-oceans.] In hut., possessing or characterized 
by siphons: applied to florideous algse. See 
x/ji/nni, 4. 
siphonage (si'fon-iij), . [< siphon + -af/c.] 
The action or operation of a siphon ; specifical- 
ly, the emptying of a siphon-formed trap, for 
example in a waste-pipe, by exhaustion of the 
pressure below, usually caused by a sudden flow 
of water in a connected pipe. 
A perfect seal against triphfniaye and evaporation. 
Philadelphia Teleyraph, XLI. 5. 
siphonal (si'fon-al), a. [< siphon + -a/.] 1. 
Pertaining to "or "resembling a siphon. 2. In 
zoiil. : (a) Pertaining or relating to the siphon 
of mollusks, etc. (6) Marked by the siphon of 
a bivalve mollusk ; pallial, as a sinus : as, the 
siphonal impression of the shell, (c) Bent into 
the form of a siphon, as the stomach of certain 
fishes, one arm of the siphon being the cardiac 
and the other the pyloric part. Siphonal fas- 
cicle, in conch., a zone, differentiated by sculpture, which 
iit its end forms the external boundary of the siphonal 
notch or groove. Siphonal scar, in conch., the pallial 
sinus. See pallial, sinus, 2 (d), and cut under ttnupattiaU. 
Siphonaptera (si-fo-uap'te-ra), n. pi. [NL. 
(Latreille, 1825), neut. pi. of "siphonapterus: 
see siphonapterous.] In Latreille's system of 
classification, an order of insects, the fleas, cor- 
responding exactly to the family Pulicidee. The 
most advanced systematise, as Brauer and Packard, retain 
it as an order, and do not consider the group a mere fam- 
ily of Diptera. The metamorphoses are complete. The 
adults are wingless, with three- to eleven-jointed antcniuo, 
long serrate mandibles, short maxillae, four-jointed max- 
illary and labial palps, distinct labrum, and no hypophar- 
ynx. The body is ovate and much compressed. There are 
only two simple eyes, and no compound eyes. The edges 
of the head and prothorax are armed with stout spines di- 
rected backward. The group is oftener called Aphanip- 
tera. See cut under flea. 
siphonapterous (si-fo-nap'te-rus), a. [< NL. 
"siphonapterus, < Gr. ni<f>uv, a tube, pipe, + &7rre- 
pof, wingless: see apterous."] Siphonate and 
apterous, as a flea ; having a sucking-tube and 
no wings; of or pertaining to the Siphonaptera. 
Siphonaria (si-fo-na'ri-a), . [NL. (Sowerby, 
1824), < Gr. ni<j>uv, a tube', pipe : see siphon.] I. 
The typical genus of Siphonariidee, with a pa- 
telliform shell having a siphonal groove at one 
side. 2. [I. c.] A member of this genus. 
The Sipkonarias have solid, conical shells, often over- 
grown with sea-weeds and millepores. . . . They are 
found on almost all tropical shores. 
P. P. Carpenter, Lect. on Mollusca (1861), p. 82. 
Siphonariacea (si-fo-na-ri-a'se-a), n.pl. [NL., 
< Siphonaria + -acca.] A family of gastropods : 
same as Siphonariidee. 
Siphonariidse (si"fo-na-r!'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < 
Siplionaria + -idee.] A family of teenioglossate 
gastropods, typified by the genus Siplionaria. 
They have a broad bilobate head ; eyes sessile on round- 
ed lobes ; and rudimentary branchiae, forming triangular 
folds of the lining membrane of the mantle. The shell is 
patelliform, having a subcentral apex and a horseshoe- 
shaped muscular impression divided on the right side by 
a deep siphonal groove. Nearly 100 species are known, 
from different parts of the world : they are most numer- 
ous on the shores of the Pacific. They live chiefly be- 
tween tide-marks. 
siphonarioid (s!-fo-na'ri-oid), . and n. I. a. 
Of or relating to the Siphonariidse. 
II. M. A gastropod of the family Siphonariidse. 
Siphonata (si-fo-na'ta), n.pl. [NL., neut. pi. 
of siphonatiis: 'see siphonate.] If. In eiitoin., 
same as Hemiptera. 2. In conch., a division 
of lamellibranch or bivalve mollusks, contain- 
ing those which have one or two siphons. Most 
bivalves are Siphonata, which include all the Sinupalli- 
ata and some of the Integropalliata ; the families are very 
numerous. Also JUoxrotrachia, Siphoniata, and Siphonida. 
siphonate (si'fo-uat), a. [< NL. siphonatus, < 
L. sipho(n-), a tube, pipe: see siphon.] Inzool., 
provided with a siphon or siphons of any kind ; 
siphoned, specifically (a) Having siphons, as a bi- 
valve mollusk ; of or pertaining to the Siphonata, 2 ; sinu- 
palliate. (6) Having a siphon, as a cephalopod ; inf undib- 
nlate. (c) Having a siphon, as a bug ; of or pertaining 
to the Siphonata, 1 ; hemipterous ; rhynchote. (d) Form- 
ing or formed into a siphon ; tubular ; canaliculate ; in- 
fnndibuliform ; siphonal. Also riphoniate. 
siphonated (si'fo-na-ted), a. [< siphonate + 
-c(? 2 .] Same as xiphonate. 
siphon-barometer (si'fon-ba-rom // e-ter), H. A 
barometer in which the lower end of the tube 
is bent upward in the form of a siphon, in the 
Siphon-bottle. 
In 
[< siphon + -et 1 .] 
ubes on the upper sur- 
5653 
newest form the two legs of the siphon are separate tubes 
entering a cistern of mercury. By the turning of a screw 
in the cistern the mercury may be made to rise in both 
tubes, thereby giving surfaces of maximum convexity from 
which to determine the height of the mercury in each tube. 
See barometer. 
siphon-bottle (si'fon-bot"l), M. A bottle for 
aerated waters, fitted with 
a long glass tube reaching 
nearly to the bottom and 
bent like a siphon at the out- 
let. "When the tube is opened by 
pressing down a valve-lever, the 
liquid is forced out by the pressure 
of the gas on its surface. Also called 
siphon. 
siphon-condenser (si ' fon - 
kon-den"ser), n. A form 
of condenser involving the 
principle of the siphon, used 
with some low-pressure en- 
gines instead of the air-pump 
and the ordinary condenser. 
siphon-cup (si'fon-kup), n. 
In much., a form of lubricat- 
ing apparatus in which the 
oil is led over the edge of the 
vessel by capillary action, 
ascending and descending in 
a cotton wick, and dropping on the part to be 
lubricated. 
Siphoneas (si-fo'ne-e), n. pi. [NL., < L. si- 
f)lio(n-), a tube, pipe, + -fie.] A small order of 
fresh-water algas, belonging to the newly con- 
stituted group MiiUiuucleatse, typified by the 
genus Vaucheria (which see for characteriza- 
tion). 
siphoned (si'fond), a. [< siphon + -erf 2 .] Hav- 
inga siphon; siphonate: as, "tubular siphoned 
Orthoceras," Hyatt. 
Siphonet (si'fon-et), H. 
entom., one of the two tu 
face of the abdomen of an aphis from which 
honeydew exudes ; a honey-tube. Also called 
siphuiiculiis. 
siphon-gage (si'fon-gaj), n. See gage*. 
siphonia, . Plural of siphonium. 
siphonial (sl-fo'ni-al), . [< siphonium + -al.] 
In ornith., pertaining to the siphonium ; atmos- 
teal. 
Siphoniata (si-fo-ni-a'ta), n.pl. [NL.: see Si- 
phonata.] Same as Siphonata, 2. 
siphoniate (si-fo'ni-at), a. Same as siphon- 
ate. 
siphonic (si-fon'ik), a. [< siphon + -ic.] Of 
or pertaining to a siphon. 
A single reflecting surface is insufficient to separate the 
water entirely from the air, and a strong and long-con- 
tinued siphonic action destroys its [the trap's] seal. 
Buck's Handbook of Med. Sciences, III. 432. 
Siphonida (sl-fon'i-da), n. pi. [NL., < L. si- 
2>lio(n-), a siphon, + -Ma.] Same as Sipho- 
nata, 2. 
siphonifer (sl-fon'i-fer), n. [NL. siphonifer, < 
L. sipho(n-), a tube, pipe, + ferre = E. bear*.] 
That which has a siphon ; specifically, a mem- 
ber of the Siphonifera. 
Siphonifera (si-fo-nif 'e-ra), n. pi. [NL. (P. si- 
pliOHiferes. D'Orbigny,'l826), neut. pi. of siphon- 
ifer: see siphonifer.] A division of cephalo- 
pods, corresponding to the Tetrabranchiata. 
siphoniferous (sl-fo-nif'e-rus), . [As siphon- 
ifer + -ous.] Having "a siphon; siphonate; 
specifically, of or pertaining to the Siphonifera. 
siphoniform (si'fon-i-fdrm), a. [< L. sipho(n-), 
a tube, pipe, + forma, form.] Siphonate in 
form; having the shape of a siphon. 
siphonium (si-fo'ni-um), .; pi. siphonia (-a). 
[NL., < L. sipho(n-), a tube, pipe: see siphon.] 
In ornith., the atmosteon or air-bone which 
conveys air from the tympanic cavity to the 
pneumatic cavity of the mandible. 
In some birds the air is conducted from the tympa- 
num to the articular piece of the mandible by a special 
bony tube, the siphomum. Huxley, Anat. Vert., p. 272. 
siphqnless (si'fou-les), . [< siphon + -less.] 
Having no siphon; asiphonate. 
siphon-mouthed (si'fon-moutht), a. Having 
a mouth fitted for sucking the juices of plants : 
specifically noting homopterous insects. See 
siphonostomatoua. 
Siphonophora 
siphonobranchiate (si"fo-no-br;ini;'ki-at), (i. 
ami n. I. <i. Of or pertaining to tin- NI/I/IO/IO- 
lirniichialti; siphonostomatous ; siphonochlam- 
ydatc. 
II. n. A member of the 
(1825), the first order of his Paracephalophora 
dioica, containing the ''families" Siphonosto- 
mata. Entomostomata, and Angiostomata, and 
contrasted with the order Asiphonooranchioto. 
See Siph'inochlaniyda. 
Siphonochlamyda (si"fo-np-klam'i-dii), . />i. 
[NL., < Gr. aiifujv, a tube', pipe, + x'f.auvg (x''- 
uvfi-), a short cloak.] A suborder of reptant azy- 
gobranchiate gastropods, having the mantle- 
margin siphonate. There are many families, 
all marine and mostly carnivorous, always with 
a spiral shell, which is usually operculate. 
siphonochlamydate (si"fo-n6-klam'i-dat), . 
[As Siphonochlamyda + -ate*.] Having the 
mantle-margin drawn out into a trough, spout, 
or siphon, and accordingly a notched lip of the 
shell; of or pertaining to the SiphonochuimycUt. 
There are many families, grouped as txniogloisate, toxo- 
glossate, and rachiglotssate. The term is synonymous with 
giphonoatomatous as applied to the shell. 
Siplionocladacese (sl"fo-no-kla-da'se-e), n. />l. 
[NL., < Siphonociadiis -i- -acex.] An order of 
very remarkable green algse, belonging to the 
class Multinucleatse. They are inhabitants of warm 
and shallow seas, and are characterized by the thallus 
consisting of a single cell, which is often of very great size, 
exhibiting, in fact, the largest dimensions attained by the 
single cell in the whole vegetable kingdom. This cell is 
often much branched, and is differentiated into root-like 
and stem-like parts. The ordinary mode of reproduction 
seems to be by means of zoospores, which germinate di- 
rectly without conjugation ; but in many of the genera 
the mode of reproduction is not known. The group in- 
cludes the Caulerpeie, Valoniacese, Bryopstdese, etc. 
siphonocladaceous (si"fo-no-kla-da'shiu8), a. 
[< S/phonocladaceK + -ous.] In hot., resem- 
bling or belonging to the Siphonocladaceee or the 
genus Siphonociadiis. 
Siphonociadiis (si-fo-nok'la-dus), . [NL., 
< Gr. oi(f>uv, a tube, pipe, + K?.a<!of, a branch.] 
A genus of alga?, giving name to the order Si- 
phonocladaceie. 
Siphonognathidae (sl"fo-nog-nath'i-de), . pi. 
[NL., < Kiphonognathus + -idee.] A family of 
acanthopterygian fishes, typified by the genus 
Siplionognatnun. The body is very long; the head is 
also elongate and its facial parts are produced in to a tube ; 
the dorsal fin has numerous flexible spines ; the anal fin 
is moderate, and ventrals are wanting. Only one spe- 
cies is known, S. argyrophanes, of King George Sound, 
Australia, which is related to the Labridfe, but differs in 
the characters specified. It is a rare fish. 
siphonognathoid (si-fo-nog'na-thoid), . and a. 
[< Siphonognathus + -aid.] I. . A fish of the 
family Siphonognathidee. 
II. a. Of or relating ;to the Siphonognathidae. 
Siphonognathus (si-fo-nog'nS-thus), n. [NL. 
(Kichardson, 1857), < Gr. m'^wv, a tube, pipe, + 
yvddof, jaw.] In ichth., a genus of acanthop- 
terygian fishes, characterized by the long sub- 
tubular mouth, and typical of the famfly Si- 
phonogiiathidse. 
Siphonophora 1 (si-fo-nof'o-ra), w. [NL. 
(Brandt, 1836), fern. sing, of "siphonophorus, < 
Gr. aufiovo(p6pof > carrying tubes, < altyuv, a tube, 
pipe, + -^opof, < <j>fpeiv = E. bear 1 .] 1. A genus 
of myriapods, typical of the unused family Si- 
phonophoridee. 2. A notable genus of plant- 
lice (Aphididie), erected by Koch in 1855, hav- 
ing long nectaries, and the antennre usually 
longer than the body. It contains numerous species, 
many of which are common to Europe and America, as the 
grain plant-louse, S. avense, and the rose plant-louse, S. 
rosfe. 
Siphonophora' 2 (si-fo-nof 'o-ra), . pi. [NL., 
neut. pi. ofsiphonophoriis: see Siphonophora 1 .] 
Oceanic hydrozoans, a subclass of Hydrozoa or 
an order of Hydromedttsse, containing free pe- 
lagic forms in which hy drif orm persons and ster- 
ile medusiform persons (in one family only the 
former) are united in colonies or aggregates 
under many special modifications, but definite 
and constant in each instance. The medusiform 
or sexual persons are usually only in the form of sporo- 
sacs, but sometimes are matured before they are set free 
from the colony. The structure is essentially a hollow 
stem or stock, budding into many different kinds of ap- 
pendages, representing modified hydranths, hydriform 
persons, or undeveloped medusiforms. The appendages 
which a siphonophoran may or does have are the float, 
pneumatophore orpneumatocyst, which may be absent or 
replaced by an inflation of the whole stem, the somatocyst, 
as in the Portuguese man-of-war ; the swimming-bell or 
nectocalyx ; the hydrophyllium, covering some of the 
other parts ; the dactylozodid, or tentaculiform person ; 
the gastrozoiiid or*utritive person, which may be highly 
differentiated into oral, pharyngeal, gastric, and basal 
parts, which latter may bear long tentacles ; and the 
sexual persons, medusiform buds proper, or gonophores. 
The arrangement of these elements is very diverse in the 
different forms of the order. The Siphonophora are some- 
times divided into two orders, Calycophora and Phy- 
sophora, or into four suborders. Recognized families 
are Athorybiidx, Agalmidse, Apolemivlif, Phyxophorida, 
Rhizophysidie, Phiisaliutj?, Hippopodiidse, Monophyida. 
