5744 
effect of existing social forces and their resulton the gen- 
eral well-being of the com munity, without directly discuss- 
ing or expounding the theories or examining the prob- 
sociable 
A sociable is a wide machine having two seats, side by 
side. This style of cycle has been used in Europe for 
wedding trips. Tribune Buok of Sports, p. 454. 
3. A kind of couch or chair with a curved 
S-sbaped back, and seats for two persons, who 
sit side by side and partially facing each other. 
Also called vis-a-cis. 4. A gathering of people 
for social purposes; an informal party; espe- 
cially, a social church meeting. [U. S.] 
Their wildest idea of dissipation was a church sociable, 
or a couple of tickets to opera or theater. 
Tlie Centura, XL. 272. 
SOCiableness (so'shia-bl-nes), . [< sociable + 
-ness.'} Sociable character or disposition; in- "'eluding hornets or yellow-jackets, .which build large 
, . i . j. nnnprv tipfitK InhAtlftMl MV many individuals Kpp puts 
chnation to company and social intercourse ; 
sociability. Bailey, 1727. 
society 
II. a. Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of 
socialism or its advocates; relating to or favor- 
branch. Social statics, that branch of sociology which 
treats of the conditions of the stability or equilibrium of 
the different parts of society or the theory of the mutual 
action and reaction of contemporaneous social phenomena 
on each other, giving rise to what is called social order. 
Social war, in Rom. 
It must be remembered that in a mcialist farm or manu- 
factory each labourer would be under the eye, not of one 
master, but of the whole community. 
J. S. Mill, Pol. Econ., II. 1. S. 
socialistic (so-sha-lis'tik), a. [< socialist + -ic.~\ 
3UU1C11 WCfcl, 111 JtVfl. (tK,!.., Lilt. ITC41 \ou uu U.^.J 111 TTllllHll T\~, , . . L " 1 . i" * J. . , 
the Italian tribes specially termed the allies (socii) of the Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of the social- 
ists; based on the principles of socialism: as, 
socialistic schemes; socialistic legislation. 
Socialistic troubles of close bonds 
Betwixt the generous rich and grateful poor. 
Mrs. Broinriny, Aurora Leigh, viii. 
The general tendency is to regard as socialistic any in- 
terference with property undertaken by society on behalf 
of the poor, the limitation of the principle of laissez-faire 
Roman state fought for admission into Roman citizen- 
ship. In the end the allies virtually obtained all they 
strove for, though at the expense of much bloodshed. Also 
called the Marsic tear, from the Marsi, who took a lead- 
ing part in the movement. Social Wasps, the Vespidie, 
including hornets or yellowjackets, which build large 
papery nests inhabited by many individuals. See cuts 
under hornet, Polities, and wasp. The social evil See 
evill. =Syn. See sociable. 
Sociably (so'shia-bli), adv. In a sociable man- social-democratic (so'shal-dem-o-krat'ik), ft. in favour of the suffering classes, radical social reform 
ner; with free intercourse; conversibly; fa- Of or pertaining to the Social Democrats; char- which disturbs the present system of private property as 
miliarlv. Saileu. 1727. nr-rpri,! hx *. regulated by free competition. Encyc. Brit,, XXII. 205. 
miliarly. Bailey, 1727. 
acterized by or founded on the principles of the 
'] 
is a social animal. 2. Companionable; socia- Apidse, including the genera Bombus and Apis, 
social (so'shal), a. [= F. social = Sp. Pg. social democracy : as, social-democratic agita- socialistically (so-sha-lis'ti-kal-i), adv. In a 
social = It. sbciale = G. social, < L. socialis, of tion.- Social-democratic party. Same as social de- socialistic manner; in accordance with the 
or belonging to a companion or companionship mocraey (which see, under social). principles of socialism. 
or association, social, < socius, a companion, Sociales (so-si-a'lez), n. pi. [NL., pi. of L. so- sociality (so-shi-al'i-ti), n. [= F. socialite = 
fellow, partner, associate, ally, as an adj. par- cialis, sociable, social.] A group of social as- It. socialM, < L. socialita(t-)g, fellowship, so- 
taking, sharing, associated, < scqui, follow: see cidians, corresponding to the family Clavelli- ciality, < gocialis, social: see social.'] 1. The 
sequent.} 1. Disposed to live in companies; nidse. character of being social; social quality or dis- 
delighting in or desirous of the company, fel- Socialities (so"si-a-li'ne), n . nl. [NL., < L. sod- position ; sociability ; social intercourse, or its 
lowship, and cooperation of others: as, man alls, social, + -inae. ] A subfamily of the family enjoyment. 2. The impulses which cause men 
to form society. Sociality, in this sense, is a wider 
term than sociability, which embraces only the higher 
parts of sociality. The latter is a philosophical word, while 
the former is common in familiar language. 
Sociality and individuality, . . . liberty and discipline, 
and all the other standing antagonisms of practical life. 
J. S. Mill, Liberty, 11. 
socialization (s6"shal-i-za'shon), >i. [(socialize 
+ -ation.} The act of socializing, or the state 
of being socialized ; the act of placing or es- 
tablishing something on a socialistic basis. 
Also spelled socialisation. 
It was necessary in order to bring about the socialim- 
iw we see. 
Fortnightly Rev., N. S., XLII. 648. 
ble; ready to mix in friendly relations or inter- the species of which live in communities; the 
course with one's fellows; also, characteristic social bees. Each species is composed of three classes 
of individuals males, females, and workers. They have 
the power of secreting wax, from which their cells are 
made, and the larva? are fed by the workers, whose legs 
are furnished with corbicula or pollen-baskeU. See cuts 
under Apidie, bumblebee, and corbiculum. 
of companionable or sociable persons: as, so- 
cial tastes ; a man of fine social instincts. 
Withers, adieu I yet not with thee remove 
Thy martial spirit or thy social love ! 
Pope, Epitaph on withers, socialisation, socialise. See socialization, so- 
He (King John] was of an amiable disposition, social cialize. 
and fond of pleasure, and so little jealous of his royal anrialiom fsn'sTiiil i^rnl n { V snrinlieme 
dignity that he mixed freely in the dances and other en- ' 3nai-lzm;, . L_ * SOCiaiume - 
tertainments of the humblest of his subjects. S P- P g- sociahsmo = Q. socMltsmus ; as social + 
Prescott, yerd. and Isa., ii. 23. -Sly.] Any theory or system of social organi- ^ wwi llcl;eBlalr ,. , orue 
3. Of or pertaining to society, or to the com- zatlotl which would abolish, entirely or in great <, O f labour which now w. 
munity as a body: as, social duties, interests, P ar > the individual effort and competition on 
usages, problems, questions, etc.; social sci- 
ence. 
Thou in thy secresy, although alone, 
Best with thyself accompanied, seek'st not 
Social communication. Milton, P. L., viii. 429. 
To love our neighbour as ourselves is such afundamen- 
., . ., . . 
which modern society rests and substitute for socialize (so'shal-iz), t>. (.; pret. and pp. social- 
it cooperative action, would introduce a more i zed , ppr . socializing. [< social + -ire f 1 To 
perfect and equal distribution of the products render social 
VVe could right pleasantly pursue 
Our sports in social silence too. 
Scott, Marmion, iv., Int. 
Emerson is very fair to the antagonistic claims of soli- 
tary and social life. 0. W. Holmes, Emerson, xi. 
4. Inzool. : (a) Associating together; gregari- 
ous; given to flocking; republican; sociable: 
as, social, ants, bees, wasps, or birds, (ft) Colo- 
nial, aggregate, or compound; not simple or 
solitary : as, the social ascidians ; social polyps. 
See Sociales. 5. In hot., noting species of 
plants, as the common ragweed (Ambrosia tri- 
fida), in which the individuals grow in clumps 
or patches, or often cover large tracts to the 
exclusion of other species. Species of sage-brush 
the common white pine and other conifers forming exten- 
sive forests, species of seaweed, etc., are social. Social 
ascidians. See Sociales and ClaaelKnidte. Social bees 
the Apidie, including the hive-bees : distinguished from 
solitary bees, or Andrenidie. See Sonatinas. Social con- 
tract, or original contract See contract. Social de- 
mocracy, the principles of the Social Democrats the 
scheme or system of social and democratic reforms pro- 
posed and aimed at by the Social Democrats of Germany 
and elsewhere ; the party of the Social Democrats. So- 
cial Democrat, a member of a socialistic party found- 
ed in Germany in 1863 by Ferdinand Lassalle, whose 
ultimate object is the abolition of the present forms of 
government and the substitution of a socialistic one in 
which labor interests shall he supreme, land and capi- 
tal shall both belong to the people, private competition 
shall cease, its place being taken by associations of work- 
ing-men, production shall he regulated and limited by 
officers chosen by the people, and the whole product of 
industry shall be distributed among the producers For 
the present its members content themselves with the pro- 
motion of measures for the amelioration of the condition 
W^MSSSP "Iff" 68 ' 8uch "* 8h rtening the hours of 
and V .' , rbllld .' n ' he employment of children in factories 
and higher education for all. Social Democrats are now 
th&,ltedS& 0f "* C "!V trie8 of Europe, as we" asn 
the Lnited States. Since the fusion of the Lassalle and 
Marx groups of socialists in 1875, the soda] Tmocrato 
SffitaSSHS^SS ^ ad re rkable development -So- 
NB^Aid&EHi 
wsSsg^:K 
sS^p^aLJiSSSSS 
to the social condition, the relations and the institutic 
wh!ch are involved in man's existence and r Is well he "ne "s 
a member of an organized community. It concerns S 
more especially with questions relating" 
. I 
inals, pauperism, and the like. It thus deals with the 
joint possession of the members of the com- 
munity. The name is used to include a great variety 
of social theories and reforms which have more or less of 
this character. 
What is characteristic of socialism is the joint owner- 
ship by all the members of the community of the instru- 
ments and means of production ; which carries with it 
the consequence that the division of the produce among 
the body of owners must be a public act performed ac- 
cording to rules laid down by the community. Socialism 
by no means excludes private ownership of articles of 
consumption. J. S. Mill, Socialism. 
Socialism, . . . while it may admit the state's right of 
property over against another state, does away with all 
ownership, on the part of members of the state, of things 
that do not perish in the using, or of their own labor in 
creating material products. 
Woolsey, Communism and Socialism, p. 7. 
Christian socialism, a doctrine of somewhat socialistic 
tendency which sprang up in England about 1S50, and 
flourished under the leadership of Charles Kingsley 
Frederick D. Maurice, Thomas Hughes, and others. The 
mam contentions of its advocates were (1) that Christian- 
ity should be directly applied to the ordinary business of 
life, and that in view of this the present system of compe- 
tition should give place to cooperative associations both 
productive and distributive, where all might work toge- 
ther as brothers ; (2) that any outer change of the labor- 
er s life, as aimed at in most socialistic schemes, would not 
suffice to settle the labor question, but that there must be 
an inner change brought about by education and eleva- 
tion of character, especially through Christianity ; and (3) 
that the aid of the state should not be invoked further 
than to remove all hostile legislation. A similar scheme 
appeared somewhat earlier in France. The doctrines of 
Christian socialism, or similar doctrines under the same 
name, have been frequentlyadvocated in the United States 
-Professorial socialism. Same as socialism of the chair. 
- Socialism of the chair, a name (first used in ridicule 
in 1872 by Oppenheim, one of the leaders of the National 
Liberals) for the doctrines of a school of political economy 
in Germany which repudiated the principle of laisser-faire 
adopted in the study of political economy the historical 
method (which see, under historical), and strove to secure 
the aid of the state in bringing about a better distribution 
of the products of labor and capital, especially to bring 
to the laborer a larger share of this product, and to elevate 
s condition by means of factory acts, savings-banks, 
sanitary measures, shortening of the hours of labor, etc. 
socialist (so'shal-ist), n. and a. [= F. socia- 
fesfc = Sp. Pg. socialista = G. socialist; as social 
+ -ist.j I. n. One who advocates socialism. 
n,*! ?"} 681 who can do most * or tne common good is not 
the kind of competition which Socialiits repudiate 
J. S. Mill, Pol. Econ., II. i. 3. 
Christian socialist, a believer in, or an advocate of, the 
doctrines of Christian socialism Sevsocialism - Prates 
BOrlal socialist. Same as socialist of the chair.- Social- 
f the chair, a believer in, or an advocate of, socialism 
of the chair. See socialism. 
the world a happier and better one. 
Fortnightly Rev., N. S., XLIII. 128. 
2. To form or regulate according to the theo- 
ries of socialism. 
Also spelled socialise. 
socially (so'shal-i), adr. In a social manner or 
way: as, to mingle socially with one's neigh- 
bors. Latham. 
SOCialness (so'shal-nes), n. Social character 
or disposition ; sociability or sociality. Bailey, 
sociatet (so'shi-at), v. i. [< L. sociatus, pp. of 
sociare, join, associate, accompany, < socius, 
partaking, associated, as a noun a companion, 
fellow : see social. Cf. associate.] To asso- 
ciate. 
They seem also to have a very great love for professors 
that are sincere ; and. above all others, to desire to sociate 
with them, and to be in their company. 
Bvnyan, Pilgrim's Progress, p. 254. 
sociatet (so'shi-at), n. [< L. sociatus, pp.: see 
the verb.] An associate. 
Fortitude is wisdom's \sociate. 
Middleton, Solomon Paraphrased, vi. 
As for you. Dr. Reynolds, and your sociates, how much 
are ye bound to his majesty's clemency ! 
Fuller, Church Hist., X. i. 22. 
SOCiative (so'shia-tiv), a. [< sociate + -ire.] 
Expressing association, cooperation, or accom- 
paniment. [Rare.] 
The pure dative, the locative, and the instrumental (in- 
cluding the sociative). 
Trans. Amer. PhUol. Ass., XVII. 79. 
SOCietarian (so-si-e-ta'ri-an), a. [< societary + 
-an.} Of or pertaining to society. 
The all-sweeping besom of societarian reformation. 
Lamb, Decay of Beggars. 
societary (so-si'e-ta-ri), a. [= F. socictaire; as 
soeift-y + -ary.'} Of or pertaining to society; 
societarian. [Rare.] 
A philosopher of society, in search of laws that measure 
and forces that govern the aggregate societary movement. 
If. A. .Kei'.,CXXXIX. 18. 
society (so-si'e-ti), n. ; pi. societies (-tiz). [< F. 
societe = Pr. societat = Sp sociedad = Pg. socie- 
dade= It. societa, < L. societa(t-)s, companion- 
ship, society, < socius, sharing, partaking, asso- 
ciated, as a noun a companion, fellow: see 
social.} 1. Fellowship; companionship; com- 
pany: as, to enjoy the society of the learned; to 
avoid the society of the vicious. 
