society 
Hoi. 1 beseech your society. 
n, i And th ? nk you ' too; 'or society, suith the text, in 
the happiness of life. SAJ-.. I.. L. L., iv. 21(17 
The sentiments which beautify and soften private *>- 
"* Burke, Rev. in France. 
2f. Participation; sympathy. 
If the partie die in the euening, they weepe all night 
with a high voice calling their neighbors and kinred to 
society of their griefe. Purehat, Pilgrimage, p. 847. 
The meanest of the people, and such as have least *>- 
nftij with the acts and crimes of kings. 
Jer. Taylor. (Imp. Diet.) 
3. Those persons collectively who are united 
by the common bond of neighborhood and in- 
tercourse, and who recognize one another as 
associates, friends, and acquaintances. 4 An 
entire civilized community, or a body of some 
or all such communities collectively, with its or 
their body of common interests and aims: with 
especial reference to the state of civilization 
thought, usage, etc., at any period or in anv 
land or region. 
Although society and government are thus intimately 
connected with and dependent on each other of the two 
moiety is the greater. J. c. Calhmm, Works, I. 5. 
Among philosophical politicians there has been spread- 
ing the perception that the progress of society is an evolu- 
B. Spencer, Prin. of Biol., 117. 
Specifically 5. The more cultivated part of 
any community in its social and intellectual 
relations, interests, and influences; in a nar- 
row sense, those, collectively, who are recog- 
nized as taking the lead in fashionable life; 
those persons of wealth and position who pro- 
fess to act in accordance with a more or less 
artificial and exclusive code of etiquette ; fash- 
ionable people in general : as, he is not received 
into society. In this sense frequently used ad- 
jectively : as, society people ; society gossip ; a 
society journal. 
Society became interested, and opened its ranks to wel- 
come one who had just received the brevet of " Man of 
Letters. ' Hayward, Letters, I. ii. (Eneyc. Diet.) 
These envied ladies have no more chance of establish- 
ing themselves in society than the benighted squire's wife 
in .Somersetshire, who reads of their doings in the Morn- 
Thacleray, Vanity Fair, xxxvii 
5745 
'k. 6 .".*"!*.'" 1 "?' Polished character. The 
-I. 6 and 7. Union, league, lodge. 
socii, . Plural of eooiui, 
Socinian (so-sin'i-an), a. and n. [= Sp. Pg 
It. WOfetaftO, < NL. S,'ii, (rtwwx, < />',.,* (II. 
bogsmt): gee def.] I. a. Pertaining to Lielius 
or * austus Socinus or their religious creed. 
II. . One who holds to Socinian doctrines, 
nee aofmianism. 
Socinianism (so-sin'i-an-izm), n. [< Soci,,i,:,, 
l- -(*'.] The doctrines of the Italian theologi- 
ans LsBlras Socinus (1525-62) and Faustus So- 
cinus (1539-1604) and their followers. The t, 
i,lir T K ' C 1 U8 f age . a . general ""^ aml '"dudes a con- 
smerable variety of opinion. The Socinians believe that 
Lniist was a man, miraculously conceived and divinely 
endowed and thus entitled to honor and reverence but 
to nlSrv! T ine , worB nip; that the object of his death was 
to perfect and complete his example and to prepare the 
OhJi.H 1 ' V," re 8 v!"7K Cti 4 . D ' the nece881 "T historical basis of 
tianity : that baptism is a declarative rite merely and 
ie IXMII s Supper merely commemorative ; that divine 
grace is general and exerted through the means of grace 
not special and personally efficacious ; that the Holy Spirit 
Is not a distinct person, but the divine energy ; that the 
authority of Scripture is subordinate to that of the reason 
evn 9 ,?i i8 ,P ure . b .>' nature . though contaminated by 
l example and teaching from a very early age and that 
salvation consists in accepting Christ's teaching and fol- 
lowing his example. The Socinians thus occupy theoloKi- 
rally a midway position between the Arians, who main- 
the divinity of Jesus Christ, but deny that he is co- 
equal with the lather, and the Humanitarians, who deny 
his supernatural character altogether. 
Socinianize (eo-sin'i-an-iz), t'. t.; pret. and pp 
Sociniamzed, ppr. Sociiiianizing . [< Sfx-ini,,,, + 
-!.] To render Socinian in doctrine or be- 
lief; tinge or tincture with Socinian doctrines; 
convert to Socinianism. Also spelled Socini- 
amse. 
I cannot be ordained before I have subscribed and taken 
some oaths. Neither of which will pass very well, if I am 
ever so little Poplshly Inclined or Sonnianu'd. 
Tom Brown, Works, I. 4. (Daniel.) 
As to society in 1837, contemporary commentators differ 
for, according to some, society was always gambling run. 
ningaway with each other's wives, causing and commit- 
ting scandals, or whispering them ; the men were spend- 
thrifts and profligates, the women extravagant and heart- 
W Besant, Fifty Years Ago, p. 110. 
6. An organized association of persons united 
for the promotion of some common purpose or 
object, whether religious, benevolent, literary, 
scientific, political, convivial, or other ; an as- 
sociation for pleasure, profit, or usefulness ; a 
social union ; a partnership ; a club : as, the 
Society of Friends ; the Society of the Cincin- 
nati; a sewing society; a, friendly society. 
In this sense the Church Is always a visible society of 
men ; not an assembly, but a society. 
Hooker, Eccles. Polity, iii. 1. 
It is now near two hundred years since the Society of 
Quakers denied the authority of the rite altogether and 
gave good reasons for disusing it. 
Emerson, The Lord's Supper. 
SOClOgeny (so-shi-oj'e-ni), n. [< L. socius, a 
companion (see social), + Gr. -yfveia, produc- 
tion : see -geny,] The science of the origin or 
genesis of society. 
SOCiography (so-shi-og'ra-fi). . [< L. socius, 
a companion, + -ypajua, < ypfyeiv, write.] The 
observing and descriptive stage of sociology. 
O.T. Mason, Smithsonian Report. 1881, p. 501. 
SOCiologic (so"8hi-9-loj'ik), a. [< sociolog-y + 
-Jc.] Same as sociological. 
sociological (so"shi-o-loj'i-kal), a. [< sociologic 
+ -al.~] Of or pertaining to sociology, or so- 
ciologic principles or matters : as, sociological 
studies or observations. 
-ist.] One who treats of or devotes himself to 
the study of sociology. J. S. Mill. 
sociology (so-shi-ol'9-ji), n. [< L. socius, a 
companion, + Gr. -toyta, < Mymv, speak: see 
-ology.] The science of social phenomena; the 
science which investigates the laws regulating 
human society ; the science which treats of the 
~ T ' general structure of society, the laws of its 
Specifically- 7 In cedes, law, in some of the development, the progress of civilization, and 
H!" !?.?l a ! e .lL th _ e ^ 5?, ratlon .?, r seculai ; body all that relates to socfety. 
organized pursuant to law with power to sue 
and be sued, and to hold and administer all the 
temporalities of a religious society or church, 
as distinguished from the body of communi- 
cants ormembers united bya confession of faith. 
When so used in this specific sense, members of the so- 
ciety are those who are entitled under the law to vote for 
trustees usually adults who have been stated attendants 
for one year and have contributed to the support of the 
organization according to its usages, while members of 
the church are those who have entered into a religious 
covenant with one another. To a considerable extent 
both bodies are the same persons acting in different capa- 
cities. Under the law in some Jurisdictions, and in some 
denominations in all jurisdictions, there is no such dis- 
tinction. Amalgamated societies. See amalgamate. 
- Bible, building, cooperative, etc., society. See the 
qualifying words. Dorcas Society, an association of 
women organized for the supply of clothes to the poor : 
named from the Dorcas mentioned in Acts ix. 36. Fre- 
quently the members of the society meet at stated times 
and work in common. Partial payment is generally re- 
quired from all except the very poorest recipients. Emi- 
grant aid societies. Sue emigrant. Fruit-bringing 
Society. Same as Order of the Palm (which see, under 
palm*). Guaranty society. See tfuaronfy. Har- 
mony Society. See Harmonist, 4. Red-Cross Socie- 
ty, Ribbon Soctety, etc. See the adjectives. Society 
hands, in printing, workmen who belong to a trade 
society, and work under Its rules. (Eng.) Society 
nouses, in printing, offices that conform to the rules of a 
trade society. [Eng.j Society journal or newspaper, 
a Journal which professes to chronicle the doings of fash- 
'onable society. - Society of the Perfectlbilists. Same 
as Order of the llluminati (which see, under Illuminati). 
Society screw. See tenwi. Society verse, verse 
concerned with the lighter society topics; poetry of a 
The philosophical student of sociology assumes as data 
the general and undisputed facts of human nature and 
with the aid of all such concrete facts as he can get from 
history he constructs his theory of the general course of 
social evolution of the changes which societies have 
undergone, or will undergo, under given conditions. 
J. Fitke, Evolutionist, p. 198. 
socionomy (so-shi-on'o-mi). n. [< L. sociun, 
a companion, + Gr. vd>of, law: see name 6 .'] 
The deductive and predictive stage of soci- 
ology. O. T. Mason, Smithsonian Report, 1881, 
p. 501. , 
SOCius (so'shi-us), .; pi. socii (-i). [NL., < L. 
socius, a. companion, associate : see social.] An 
associate ; a member or fellow, as of a sodal- 
ity, an academy, or an institution of learning. 
[Archaic.] 
socius criminis (so'shi-us krim'i-nis). [L.: 
socius, a sharer, a partner (see social) ; criminis, 
gen. of crimea, fault, offense: see crime.'] In 
law, an accomplice or associate in the commis- 
sion of a crime. 
sock 1 (sok), . [< ME. socke, sokke, sok, < AS. 
socc = OFries. sokka = MD. socke, D. sole = 
OHG. soc, soch, MHG. soc, G. socke = MLG. 
socke = Icel. sokkr = Sw. socka = Dan. sokke, 
a sock, = F. socque, a clog, = Pr. soc = Sp. ztieco, 
zoco = Pg. socco, a clog, = It. socco, half-boot, 
< L. soccus, a light shoe or slipper, buskin, 
sock. Hence socket.'] 1. Alight shoe worn by 
the ancient actors of comedy ; hence, comedy, 
socket 
in distinction from tra(,'o<ly, which is symbol- 
ized by the buskin. 
Where be the sweeti di-lights .,[ I, ;,i nine- treasure. 
That wont with Comtek xxk to beauU'dc 
The paints I Theaters? 
Spenser, Tears of the Muses, 1. 17(1. 
Then to the well-trod stage anon. 
If Jonson's learned socle l. 
Or sweetest Shakespeare, Fancy's child. 
Warble his native wood-notes wild 
Milton, L'Allegr... 
2. A knitted or woven covering fur the- foot, 
shorter than a stocking; a stocking n-ai-hin^ 
but a short distance above tin- ankle. 
Hli weren socket In here shon, and felted botes above 
Political Songs (ed. WrlghtX P- '"- 
3f. A sandal, wooden patten, or clog for \\\<- 
feet, worn by the friars called Recollett- / 
Phillip*, 1706. 
sock 12 (sok), a. [Early mod. E. also .// . *,// 
= MD. sock, < OF. soc, F. dial, so, sole, sou (ML. 
soccus), a plowshare, < Bret, souc'h, soc'h = 
Gael. oc = W. swch = Corn, soch, a plowshare, 
a snout.] A plowshare; a movable share 
slipped over the sole of a plow. 
SOCk 3 t (sok), r. t. [Origin obscure.] To sew 
up. 
Needels wherwlth dead bodies are sowne or sockt into 
their sheets, fi. Scot, Disooverie of Witchcraft (N. and O 
[8th ser., XI. 288X 
The same needles thrust into their pillows 
That sews and socks up dead men In their sheets. 
Middleton, The Witch, I. 2. 
soci 4 t, . Same as sake 1 . 
sock 5 (sok), v. t. [Perhaps abbr. from socktlol- 
oger.] 1. To throw; especially, to hurl or 
send with swiftness and violence: as, to sock 
a ball. Wright. [Prov. or colloq.] 2. To hit 
hard; pitch into: as, to sock one in the eye. 
[Slang.] 3. With an impersonal it, to strike 
a hard blow; give a drubbing: as, sock it to 
him! [Slang.] 
sock 6 (sok), n. A dialectal form of soy. 
SOCkdologer (sok-dol'o-jer), n. [Also gockdoUi- 
ger, socdolager, sogdologer; a perversion of aer- 
ology, taken in the sense of 'the finishing act,' 
in allusion to the customary singing of the 
doxology at the close of service.] 1. A conclu- 
sive argument; the winding up of a debate; a 
settler. 2. A knock-down or decisive blow. 
3. Something very big ; a whopper. 
Fit for an Abbot of Theleme, . 
The Pope himself to see in dream 
Before his lenten vision gleam, 
He lies there, the sogdologer.' 
Lowell, To Mr. John Bartlett, who had sent me a seven- 
[pound trout. 
4. A patent fish-hook having two hooked points 
which close upon each other as soon as the fish 
bites, thus securing the fish with certainty. 
[U. S. slang in all uses.] 
socket (sok'et), n. [< ME. soket, sokete, < OF. 
soket, dim. of *soc, m., soche, souche, F. soucln; 
f., = It. zocco, m., a stump or stock of a tree; 
same as F. soeque = 8p. zoco = Pg. soco, socco, 
a sock, wooden shoe, clog, < L. soccus, a sock, 
shoe: see ocfci. Cf. socle.'] 1. An opening or 
cavity into which anything is fitted ; any hollow 
thing or place which receives and holds some- 
thing else. 
Another pyece wherin the mkette or morteys was maade 
that the body of the crosse stood In. 
Holy Rood (E. E. T. S.), p. 15S. 
My eyes burn out, and sink into their sockets. 
Fletcher, Wife for a Month, Iv. 4. 
The head [of the statue] seems to have been of another 
piece, there being a socket for It to go In, and probably it 
was of a more costly material. 
Pococke, Description of the East, II. ii. 74. 
Specifically 2. A small hollow tube or de- 
pression in a candlestick to hold a candle. 
Also called nozle. 
Item, J. candllstlk, withoute sokettet, weiyng xviij. unces. 
Paston Letters, I. 47S. 
There was a lamp of brasse, with eight socketts from the 
middle stem, like those we use In churches. 
Evelyn, Diary, Aug. 19, 1641. 
3. In anat., specifically, the hollow of one part 
which receives another; the con- 
cavity or excavation of an ar- 
ticulation: as, an eye-socket; 
the socket of the hip. 4. In 
mining, the end of a shot-hole, 
when this remains visible after 
the shot has been fired. 5. In 
well-boring, a tool with various 
forms of gripping mechanism, 
for seizing and lifting tools 
dropped in the tube. 6. In Right scapuia.snn 
. . 
the just, a defense of steel at- 
tached to the saddle, and serv- 
, 
rom in front. 
t., glenoid fbwa or 
