soil 
II. iiilntiiK. To take on dirt; become soiled : 
take a soil or stain: tarnish: as, silver '/ 
sooner than gold. 
soil 3 (soil), it. [Early mod. E. also <soyle; <soil A ,r. 
In def. 3 prob. now associated with soil 1 , 3.] 1. 
Any foul matter upon another substance ; foul- 
ness. 
A lady's honour must be touched. 
Which, nice as ermines, will not bear a soil. 
I>ri/den. 
The very garments of a Quaker seem incapable of re- 
(dving a mil. Harper's Mag., LXX. 31fl. 
2. Stain; tarnish; spot; defilement or taint. 
As free from touch or soil with her 
As she from one uugot. Shak., II. for SI., v. 1. 141. 
For euen alreadie it is one good steppe of an Atheist 
and Infidell to become a Proselyte, although with some 
soyle. Purchas, Pilgrimage, p. 49. 
3. Manure; compost. Compare nii/lit-soil. 
Improve land by dung and other sort of soils. 
Mortimer, 
soil 4 (soil), r. t. [A var. of saul (f ), soul (?), < 
OF. saoler, later saouler, F. sofder, glut, cloy, fill, 
satiate, < OF. saol, saoul, F. soul = Pr. sadol = It. 
satol/o, full, satiated, < L. satulliis, dim. ofsatur, 
full, satiated: see sad, sate 2 , satiate. Cf. soul?, 
.] To stall-feed with green food ; feed for 
the purpose of fattening. 
The fitchew, nor the soiled horse, goes to 't 
With a more riotous appetite. 
Shak., Lear, iv. 6. 124. 
You shall cozen me, and I'll thank you, and send you 
brawn and bacon, and soil you every long vacation a brace 
of foremen [geese], that at Michaelmas shall come up fat 
and kicking. Beau, and Fl., Philaster, v. 3. 
During their flrst summer they [calves] do best to be 
soiled on vetches, clover, or Italian ryegrass, with from 
1 Ib. to 2 Ib. of cake to each calf daily. 
Encyc. Brit,, I. 390. 
S0il 6 t (soil), . t. [< ME. soilen, by apheresis 
from assoin.] 1. To solve ; resolve. 
M. More throughout all his book maketh " Quod he " 
[his opponent] to dispute and move questions after such 
a manner as he can soil them or make them appear soiled. 
Tyndale, Ans. to Sir T. More, etc. (Parker Soc., 1850), p. 194. 
The doubt yet remaineth there in minde, which riseth 
vpon this answere that you make, and, that doubt soiled, 
1 wil as for this time . . . encombre you no farther. 
Sir T. More, Cumfort against Tribulation (1573), fol. 43. 
2. To absolve ; assoil. 
Faste, freke, for thy faith, on thy fote fonde be ! 
And fro this place, bewschere, I soile the for euere. 
York Plays, p. 318. 
soil 8 (soil), v. A dialectal variant of site 1 . 
soil 7 (soil), . Same as syle?. Buchanan, 
soil 8 (soil), . A dialectal variant of sill 1 . 
soil 8 (soil), . [Origin obscure (?).] A young 
eoalfish. [Local, Eng.] 
soil-bound (soil'bonnH), a. Bound or attached 
to the soil : a translation of the Latin adscriptux 
glebee. 
That morning he had freed the soil-bound slaves. 
Byron, Lara, ii. 8. 
soil-branch (soil'branch), n. A lateral con- 
nection with a sewer-pipe. 
soil-cap (soil'kap), n. The covering of soil and 
detrital material in general which rests upon 
the bed-rock: occasionally used by geologists. 
Mere gravitation, aided by the downward pressure of 
sliding detritus or soil-cap, suffices to bend over the edges 
of fissile strata. 
A. GeOde, Text- Book of Geol. (2d ed.X p. 496. 
soiled (soild), a . [< soffi- + -c (ft.'] Having soil : 
used chiefly in composition : as, deep-sowed. 
The Province . . . is far greater, more populous, better 
soiled, and more stored with Gentry. 
Howell, Letters, I. ii. 15. 
sqilinesst (soi'li-nes), n. The quality or condi- 
tion of being soily ; soil; tarnish. [Rare.] 
To make proof of the incorporation of silver and tin 
and to observe . . . whether it yield no soilinem more than 
Bacon, Physiological Remains. 
Spiling (soi'ling), . [Verbal n. of soifr, r.] 1. 
The act of stall-feeding with green food. 
In our American climate ... the sotting of dairy cows 
is altogether important. Sew Amtr. Farm Book, p. 141. 
2. Green food stall-fed to cattle. 
Soiling, when the pastures fall short, should always be 
supplied. . . . The rye, grasses, clover, and millet . 
should be fed in mangers under shelter, or in the stables. 
New Amer. Farm Boo*, p. 141. 
soilless (soil'les), (i. [< sol + -less.'] Destitute 
of soil or mold. Wright. (Imp. Di.ct.) 
SOll-pipe (soil'pip), n. An upright discharge- 
pipe which receives the general refuse from 
water-closets, etc., in a building. 
A round cover and a water trap to exclude noxious air 
trom the mi-pipe. 0. Kennan, The Century, XXXV. 764. 
soil-pulverizer (soil'puFve-ri-zer), n. A tool 
or machine for breaking up or pulverizing the 
soil preparatory to seeding, etc., as a special 
form of harrow, or a flanged roller; a clod- 
crusher. 
SOilure (soi'lur), w. [< OF. xnnilhio-i. xiiillurr, 
F. souillnre, filth, ordure, < soniller, soil: see 
soil 3 .] The act of soiling, or the state of being 
soiled; stain or staining; tarnish or tarnishing. 
He merits well to have her that doth seek her, 
Not making any scruple of her soilure, 
With such a hell of pain and world of charge. 
Shale., T. andC.,iv. 1. 5e. 
SOilyt (soi'li), a. [Early mod. E. soylic; < soil* 
+ -yl.] Somewhat dirty, soiled, or tarnished ; 
polluting. 
So spots of sinne the writer's soule did staine, 
Whose soylie tincture did therein remaint-, 
Till brinish teares had washt it out againe. 
Fuller, David's Sinne, st. 32. (Davits. ) 
soimonite (soi'inon-5t), n. [After Soimonoff, a 
Russian statesman.] A variety of corundum, 
occurring with barsowite near Zlatoust in the 
Urals. 
soiree (swo-ra'), n. [< F. soiree, serfe, Norm, 
dial, aerie, evening-tide, an evening party, = It. 
serctta, evening-tide. < ~LL.*scrare, become late, 
< L. sertts, late in the day, neut. serum, evening, 
> It. sera = Pr. ser, sera = F. soir, evening. Cf. 
serotine.] An evening party or reunion : as, a 
musical soiree. 
Mrs. Tuffin was determined she would not ask Philip to 
her soirees. Thackeray, Philip, xxiii. 
Soja (so'ja), n. [NL. (Savi, 1824), < soy, a kind 
of sauce, j A former genus of leguminousplants, 
consisting of a single species. S. Iiispida, now 
classed as Glycinc Soja. Also written Soya. 
See soy. 
SOJer (so'jer), w. A dialectal or colloquial form 
of soldier. 
SOJOUTt, n. A Middle English form of sojourn. 
sojourn (so'jern or so-jern'), r. i. [Early mod. 
E. also sojorn ;<.WE.sojournen, sojornen,< OF. so- 
journer, sojorner, sejourner, scjorner, F. sejourner 
= Pr. sojornar, sejoruar = It. soggiornare (ML. 
reflex sejornare), dwell for a time, sojourn, < 
Mii."sul>diurnare (or "superdiurnare f), < L. 6, 
under, + diurnare, stay, last, < diurnus, daily: see 
.wft-and diurnal, journal. Cf. adjourn, journey.] 
To dwell for a time ; dwell or live in a place as 
a temporary resident, or as a stranger, not con- 
sidering the place as a permanent habitation. 
Thus restede the childeren and soiournede in the Citee of 
logres, that the saisnes ne dide hem no forfete. 
Merlin (E. E. T. S.), ii. 202. 
Abram went down Into Egypt to sojourn there. 
Gen. xii. In. 
The old King is put to sojorn with his Eldest Daughter, 
attended only by threescore Knights. 
Milton, Hist. Eng., i. 
=Syn. Abide, Sojourn, Continue, etc. See abided. 
SOJpurn (so'jern or so-jern'), n. [< ME. sojourne, 
sojorne, sojorn, sojour, < OF. 'sojourn, siijurn, so- 
jour, sujur, sejor, sejour, F. sejoitr = Pr. sojorn, 
sejorn = OSp. sojorno = It. soggiorno ; from the 
verb.] 1. A temporary stay or residence, as 
that of a traveler. 
Ful longe to holde there sojour. 
Rom. of the Hone, 1. 4282. 
The princes, France and Burgundy, . . . 
Long in our court have made their amorous sojourn. 
Shak., Lear, L 1. 48. 
2. A place of temporary stay or abode. [Rare.] 
That day I bode stille in ther companye, 
Which was to me a gracious soimirne. 
Political Poems, etc. (ed. Furnivall), p. 55. 
Escaped the Stygian pool, though long detain'd 
In that obscure sojourn. Milton, P. L., Hi. lf>. 
sojournantt, [ME. sojornawnt, < OF. sojor- 
nant, ppr. of sojorner, sojourn: see sojourn.] 
One making a sojourn ; a visitor. [Rare.] 
Your doughter of Sweynsthorpp and hyr gojornaunt E 
Paston, recomandyth hem to yow in ther most humble 
7 se - Potion Letters, III. 219. 
SOJOUrner (so'jer-ner or so-jer'ner), n. [< ME. 
*sojourner, sojorner; < sojourn + -er 1 .] 1. One 
who sojourns; a temporary resident; a stran- 
ger or traveler who dwells in a place for a time. 
We are strangers before thee and sojourners, as were all 
our fathers. i Chron. xxix. 15. 
2. A guest: a visitor. 
We've no strangers, woman, 
None but my sojourners and I. 
Middkton, Women Beware Women, ii. 2. 
Thus graciously bespoke her welcome guest : 
"Welcome an owner, not a sojovrner." 
Dryden, Hind and Panther, ii. 704. 
The inhabitants of the quarter . . . objected to my liv- 
ing among them, because I was not married I re- 
plied that, being merely a sojourner in Egypt, I did not 
like either to take a wife or female slave. 
E. W. Lane, Modem Egyptians, 1. 193. 
sol 
SOJOUming (so' jer-ning or scYjrr'uing), n. [Ver- 
bal n. of xojniirii, r.\ The act of dwelling in 
place for a time ; also, the time of abode. 
The sojourning of the children of Israel [in Egypt) . . . 
was four hundred and thirty years. Ex. xii. 40. 
The act of sojourning; temporary residence, as 
that of a stranger or traveler. 
God has appointed our mjiMrnwi'nt hciv as a period of 
preparation for futurity. Wnkcfield. 
soke 1 (eok), n. [Also soc; < ME. soke, sok (AF. 
soc, ML. soca), the exercise of judicial power, a 
franchise, land held by socage, < AS. sm; juris 
diction, lit. inquiry or investigation, < KHI-IIH 
(pret. soc), contend, litigate, > sacu. a, conten- 
tion, a lawsuit, hence in old law sac, the power 
of hearing suits and administering justice with- 
in a certain precinct: seesaci,sakei. Thewords 
soke and soken are practically identical in orig. 
sense, but are to be kept separate, being differ- 
ent forms. 6'ocis the AF. (Law F.) form of soke, 
which is itself a ME. form archaically pre- 
served (like botc, mote). The mod. form would 
be sook, as the mod. form of bote is boot, and 
that of mote is moot.] 1. The power or privi- 
lege of holding a court in a district, as in a 
manor; jurisdiction of causes; also, the limits 
of such jurisdiction. 
The land was equally divided among the three, but the 
.-"/,' , the judicial rights, passed to Harold and Godward 
only. E. A. Freeman, Norman Conquest, v. 626. 
2. The liberty or privilege of tenants excused 
from customary burdens. 3. Same as soken, 1. 
If there is no retail tavern in the soke where he dwells. 
Enfilish GHd(E. E. T. S.), p. 185. 
4. Same as soken, 2. 
S0ke 2 t, v. An old spelling of soak, suck. 
sokelingt, n. An obsolete form of suckling. 
sokeman (sok'man), . In old Eng. law, same 
as socman. 
soken (so'kn), . [ME. soken, sokne, sokene, < 
AS. socn, socen (> ML. socna), an inquiry (= 
Icel. sokn = Sw. socken = Dan. sogn, a parish); 
cf. AS. soc, the exercise of judicial power (see 
soke 1 ); < sacan, contend, litigate, etc.: see 
sake^.] 1. A district or territory within which 
certain privileges or powers were exercised; 
specifically, a district held by tenure of socage. 
Bette the bedel of Bokyngham-shire, 
Rainalde the reue of Rotland sokene. 
Fieri Plowman (B), ii. 110. 
He [the freeman] may be a simple husbandman, or the 
lord of a soken and patron of hundreds of servants and fol- 
lowers. Stubbi, Const. Hist., $ 37. 
2. An exclusive privilege claimed by a miller 
of grinding all the corn used within the manor 
in which his mill stands, or of being paid for 
the same as if actually ground. 
Gret mkene hath this millere, out of doute. 
With whete and malt of al the land aboute. 
Chaucer, Reeve's Tale, L 87. 
soke-reeve (sok'rev), . A rent-gatherer in a 
lord's soke. 
sokerelt, . [ME. (mod. E. as if "suekerel, < 
suck + dim. -er-el as in cockerel).] A child not 
weaned. Halliicell. 
sokinah, . [Malagasy.] An insectivorous 
mammal of Madagascar, Echinops telfairi, be- 
longing to the family Centetidee. It is a typical 
Sokinah (Echmofs Irl/airi). 
centetid, closely related to and much resem- 
bling the common tenrec. 
soko (so'ko), w. [African.] The native name 
of an ape closely allied to the chimpanzee, dis- 
covered by Dr. Livingstone in Manynema, near 
Lake Tanganyika, in Central Africa. The ani- 
mal has not been scientifically identified. 
SOl 1 (sol), 11. [Used chiefly as mere L.; ME. sol 
(in def. 3) ; = OF. sol (dim. soleil, solail, soleis, 
