sol 
ete.j'F. We/0 = Sp- Pg. not = It. mle; < L. w, 
the sun, = AS. sol, the sun (8dl-4n6naOt, Febru- 
ary), = Icel. so/ = Sw. Dan. W = Goth, .win/ 
= W. /!/ = Ir. SH/ = Lith. Lett. OPruss. saule, 
the sun; also with added suffixes, in Teut. nn.l 
Slav, forms, AS. sunne, etc., E. sun: see sun.] 
1. [cap.] The sun. See Phoebus. 
And therefore is the glorious planet Sol 
In noble eminence enthroned and sphered. 
Shak., T. and C., i. 8. 89. 
Dan SW to slope his wheels began. 
Thomson, Castle of Indolence, Iviii. 
2. In her., a tincture, the metal or, or gold, in 
blazoning by planets, as in the arms of sover- 
eigns. See blazon, n.,2. 3. In alchemy, gold. 
Sol gold is, and Luna silver we threpe. 
Chaucer, Prol. to Canon's Yeoman's Tale, 1. 273. 
Good gold nature!, and of the myn of the erthe, is clepld 
of philosophoris sol in latyn ; for he is the sonne of oure 
heuene, lich as sol the planet is in the heuene aboue. 
Book of Quinte Essence (ed. Furnivall), p. 8. 
sol 2 (sol), . [< OF. sol, later sou, F. sou = It, 
soldo, < ML. solidus, a coin, < L. solidus, solid : 
see solid, solidus, and cf. sou, soldo, sold?, etc.] 
An old French coin, the twentieth part of the 
livre, and equivalent to twelve deniers. At the 
revolution it was superseded by the sou. 
For six sols more would plead against his Maker. 
B. Jonsoii, Volpone, iv. 2. 
SOl 3 (sol), n. [Sp. sol, lit. sun: see so/1.] A 
current silver coin of Peru, of the same weight 
and fineness as the French 5-franc piece. Gold 
pieces of 1, 2, 5, 10, and 20 sols are also struck. 
Also sole. 
sol* (sol), . [= F. Sp. Pg. It. so/ : see gamut.] 
In solmization, the syllable used for the fifth 
tone of the scale, or dominant. In the scale of 
C this tone is G, which is therefore called sol in 
France, Italy, etc. 
sol. An abbreviation of solution. 
sola 1 (so-la'), interj. [Prob. < so + la (interj. ).] 
A cry or call to attract the attention of one at a 
distance. 
Laun. Sola, sola ! wo ha, ho ! sola, sola ! 
Lor. Who calls? 
Laun. Sola! did you see Master Lorenzo? . . . Tell him 
there 's a post come from my master, with his horn full of 
good news. Shak., M. of V., v. 1. 39. 
sola 2 (so'la), H. [Also solah, also solar (simu- 
lating solar 1 ) ; < Beng. sold, Hind, shold, the 
plant here defined.] 1. A tall leguminous 
swamp-plant, jUschynomene aspera, found wide- 
ly in the Old World tropics. Its robust stems are of 
a pith-like texture (sometimes called spongewood), and in 
India are worked up into many articles, especially hats and 
military helmets, which are very light and cool. See JEs- 
chynomene and hat-plant. 
2. Same as sola, topi g o ia topi or topee, a pith 
helmet or sun-hat made in India from the pith of the sola. 
See pith-work. Also solar topi, solar hat, and simply sola. 
solace (sol'as), . [< ME. solace, solas, < OF. 
solas, solaz, 'soulas, F. soulas = Pr. solatz = Cat. 
solas = Sp. Pg. solaz = It. sollazzo, < L. solatium, 
solacium, soothing, consolation, comfort, < so- 
tan, pp. solatus, soothe, console, comfort. Cf. 
console.] 1. Comfort in sorrow, sadness, or 
misfortune ; alleviation of distress or of dis- 
comfort. 
I beseech your majesty, give me leave to go ; 
Sorrow would solace, and mine age would ease. 
Shak., 2 Hen. VI., ii. 3. 21. 
2. That which gives relief, comfort, or allevia- 
tion tinder any affliction or burden. 
Two goldfinches, whose sprightly song 
Had been their mutual solace long, 
Liv'd happy pris'ners there. 
Cowper, The Faithful Bird. 
3f. Sport; pleasure; delight; amusement; rec- 
reation; happiness. 
I am so ful of joye and of solas. 
Chaucer, Nun's Priest's Tale, 1. 350. 
And therein sate a Lady fresh and fayre, 
Making sweet solace to herselfe alone. 
Spenser, F. Q., II. vl. 8. 
4. In printing, the penalty prescribed by the 
early printers for a violation of office rules. 
= Syh. 1 and 2. Consolation, etc. (see comfort), mitiga- 
tion, relief, softening, soothing, cheer, diversion, amuse- 
ment. 
solace (sol'as), v.; pret. and pp. solaced, ppr. 
solacing. [<! ME. solacen, solacien,<.OF. solacier, 
solacer, F. solacier = Sp. solazar = It. sollazzare, 
< ML. solatiare, solatiari, give solace, console, 
< L. solatium, solatium,^ solace : see solace, n.] 
I. trans. 1. To cheer in grief, trouble, or de- 
spondency; console under affliction or calam- 
ity; comfort. 
Thy own sweet smile I see, 
The same that oft in childhood solac'd me. 
Cowper, My Mother's Picture. 
Leolill . . . funmi-d uwny hi.- lieiirt ill AvmllV MI 
" BOO Avei'ill Kiihirnl ns he might. 
"imn, Aylmcr'a Field. 
2. To allay; assuage; soothe: UN. to W<v 
grief by sympathy. 
We sate sad together, 
Solacing our despondenej wiih tears. 
Shelley, The Cencl, III. 1. 
3. To amuse; delight; give pleasure to: some 
times used reflexively. 
From that Cytee men gon be Watre, nolacynge and dls- 
portynge hem. Mandeville, Travels, p. 21. 
Houses of retraite for the Gentlemen of Venice & Padux 
wherein they unlace themselves in BOIIHIHT. 
fin-lint. Crudities, I. 152. 
= Syn. 1 and 2. See solace, n. 
Il.t intrans. 1. To take comfort ; be consoled 
or relieved in grief. 
One poor and loving child, 
But one thing to rejoice and solace in, 
And cruel death hath catch'd it from my sight ! 
Shak., B. and J., Iv. 5.47. 
2. To take pleasure or delight; be amused; en- 
joy one's self. 
These six assaulted the Castle, whom the Ladles seeing 
so lusty and couragious, they were contented tosolace with 
them. Baker, Chronicles, p. 255. 
splacement(sol'as-ment), H. [< solace + -ment.] 
The act of solacing or comforting; the state of 
being solaced. 
Solaeement of the poor, to which our archquack now 
more and more betook himself. 
Carlyle, Cagliostro. (Latham.) 
solacioust (so-la'shus), a. [< OF. solacieux = 
Sp. solazoso = Pg. solagoso, < ML. solatiosus, full 
of solace, cheering, entertaining, < L. solatium, 
solacium, solace: see solace.] Affording plea- 
sure or amusement ; entertaining. 
The aboundaunt pleasures of Sodome, whych were . . . 
pryde, plenty of feadyng, solacyouse pastymes, ydelnesse, 
and crueltle. Bp. Bale, English Votaries, ii. 
In the literal sense you meet with purposes merry and 
salacious enough. 
Urquhart, tr. of Rabelais, Prol. to Gargantua, p. 95. 
solaeus, w. See soleus. 
solah, n. See sola 2 , 1. 
SOlaint, a. A Middle English form of sullen. 
All redy was made a place ful solain. 
Rom. of Partenay (E. E. T. S.), 1. 84. 
solan (so'lan), H. [Also (So.) soland (with ex- 
crescent d) ; < Icel. sula = Norw. sula (in comp. 
Icel. haf-sftla = Norw. hav-sula, ' sea-solan '), a 
gannet, solan-goose. The n appar. represents 
the affixed def. art. ; cf. Shetland sooleen, the 
sun, < Dan. sol, sun, + def. art. en, the.] The 
solan-goose. 
Along th' Atlantick rock undreading climb, 
And of its eggs despoil the solan's nest. 
Collins, Works (ed. 1800), p. 99. (JodreU.) 
A white solan, far away by the shores of Mull, struck 
the water as he dived, and sent a jet of spray into the air. 
W. Black, Princess of Thule, xxvii. 
Solanacese (sol-a-na'se-e), n. pi. [NL. (Bart- 
ling, 1830), < Solanum + -aceee.] An order of 
gamopetalous plants, of the series Bicarpellatx 
and cohort Polemoniales, characterized by regu- 
lar flowers commonly with a plicate border, 
carpels with many ovules, and a straight, spiral, 
or coiled embryo in fleshy albumen. The sepals, 
petals, and stamens are each usually five, the ovary usually 
entire and two-celled, with an undivided style. In its pli- 
cate corolla the order resembles the Comiolmdacea, which 
are, however, unlike it in their few-seeded carpels and usu- 
ally twining habit. Its other nearest ally is the Scrophula- 
rinese, to which the tribe Salpiglosside,oy its didynamous 
stamens and somewhat irregular flowers, forms a direct 
transition. The order includes about 1,750 species, perhaps 
to be reduced to 1,500, classed in 72 genera of 5 tribes, for 
the types of which see Solanum, Atropa, Hyoscyamus, 
Cestrumi, and Salpiglossis. They are erect or climbing 
herbs or shrubs, or sometimes trees, and either smooth or 
downy, but rarely with bristles. They bear alternate and 
entire toothed or dissected leaves, often in scattered un- 
equal pairs, but never truly opposite. The typical inflo- 
rescence is a bractless cyme, either terminal, opposite the 
leaves, or lateral, but not truly axillary, and sometimes 
converted into umbels or sessile clusters or reduced to a 
single flower. They are usually rank-scented and possess 
strongly narcotic properties, either throughout or in spe- 
cial organs, in Mandragora in the root, in most others 
strongly developed in the leaves, as in belladonna, tobacco, 
henbane, stramonium, and nightshade. In some, as the 
henbane, this principle is actively developed for a limited 
time only; in others, parts from which it is absent furnish 
a valued food, as the potato, tomato, and egg-plant, or a 
condiment, as Cayenne pepper. The order furnishes also 
several tonics and numerous diuretic remedies, as species 
of Physalis, Nicandra, Cestrum. and Solanum. Plants of 
this order are widely dispersed through warm climates of 
both hemispheres, extending beyond the tropics in North 
and South America, especially in the west, but less fre- 
quent in Europe and Asia. They are absent in alpine 
and arctic regions and in Australia. About 17 genera and 
55 species are natives of the United States, chiefly in the 
southwest, and largely of the genera Lycium, Solanum, and 
Physalis. For other important genera, see Lycopersicum, 
Capsicum, Datura, Nicotianal, Petunia, and Solandra. 
Solanuiu 
solanaceous (sni-M-nn'siims), <i. [< NL. ,s.,/- 
n/ii-i;r + -mi.*.] Belonging to the >'" 
SOland (so'lanil), H. SIT sal, 111. 
solander 1 (so-iaa'drr). ii. Bua 
solander- (o-lanM<'T), . [< .w</ 
quot. iinil Xiiliiiiilrti).] A form of box designed 
to contain prints or drawings. See the quota- 
tion. 
\ >Y<i/r/. reuse is tile invention of Dr. Solander, of mem 
ory dear to readers of " Cook's Voyages," who used < 
contain and preserve specimens for natural history, draw- 
ings, ami mailers of the kind. It is really n !><., general- 
ly shaped like ;i hook, one side of which, turning "ii h 
serves for a lid, while the front, or fore edge ol Hie case, 
is furnished with hinges to be let down, MI that tin i 
as well as the tops of the contents can be got ;ii . 
X. andQ., 7th ser., VII 
Solandra (so-lau'drS), . [NL. (Swartz, 1787), 
named after Daniel Solan dor (born 1736, <li. .1 
about 1781), a Swedish botanist and traveler. ] 
A genus of solanaceous plants, of the tribe 
Atropex. It is characterized by solitary flowers with a 
long calyx-tube, an obliquely funnel-shaped corolla with 
broad Imbricated lobes and iuduplicate sinuses, five sta- 
mens, and a two-celled ovary Imperfectly four-celled by 
false partitions, forming in fruit a pulpy berry half-pro- 
truded from the torn membranous calyx. The 4 specie* 
are all American and tropical. They are lofty climbing 
coarse shrubby plants, with entile smooth fleshy and cori- 
aceous shining leaves, clustered near the ends of the 
branches, and very large terminal white, yellowish, or 
greenish flowers on fleshy pedicels. S. yrandillora, S. 
longijlora, and other species are sometimes cultivated from 
the West Indies under the name trumpe&flower, forming 
handsome greenhouse evergreens, usually grown as climb- 
ers, or, in S. longijlora, as small shrubs. 
Solaneae (so-la'ne-e), w. pi. [NL. (A. L. de 
Jnssieu, 1789), < 'Solanum + -ete.'} A tribe of 
plants of the order Solanacese. it is distinguished 
by flowers with the corolla somewhat equally plicate or 
divided into valvate or induplicate lobes, and having per- 
fect stamens and a two-celled ovary which becomes an 
indehiscent berry In fruit, containing compressed seeds 
with a curved embryo and slender seed-leaves not broader 
than the radicle. It includes 31 genera, very largely na- 
tives of South America. For some of the most Impor- 
tant, see Solanum (the type), Capsicum, Lycoperincum, and 
Physalis. 
solaneous (so-la'ne-us), a. Belonging to the 
Solanacese, or especially to Solanum. 
solan-goose (so'lan-gos), n. [< solan + goose.~\ 
The gannet, Sula OOUOna. Also solan and 
soland-goose. See Sula, and cut under gannet. 
SOlania (so-la'ni a), w. [NL., < Solatium.'] The 
active principle of Solatium Dulcamara. See 
solanine. 
S0lanine(sol'a-nin),. [NL.,<5oia/ + -i'wc2.] 
A complex body, either itself an alkaloid or 
containing an alkaloid, the active principle of 
bittersweet, Solanum Dulcamara. It is a nar- 
cotic poison. 
solano (so-la'no), . [< Sp. solatia, an easterly 
wind (cf. solanazo, & hot, violent easterly wind, 
solatia, a sunny place), < L. solanus(sc. ventus), 
the east wind (usually called subsolanus), < sol, 
sun: see sol 1 , solar.~\ The Spanish name of an 
easterly wind. 
SOlanoid (sol'a-noid), a. [< NL. Solanum + Gr. 
Ejdoc, form.] Resembling a potato in texture : 
said of cancers. 
Solanum (so-la'num), w. [NL. (Tournefort. 
1700), < LL. solatium, the nightshade.] A genus 
of gamopetalous plants, type of the order Sola- 
naceee, the nightshade family, and tribe Sola- 
ncff. It is characterized by flowers usually with a deeply 
flve- or ten-lobed spreading calyx, an angled or flve-lobed 
wheel-shaped corolla, very short filaments with long an- 
thers which form a cone or cylinder, open by a vertical 
pore or a larger chink, and are almost destitute of any 
connective, and a generally two-celled ovary with its con- 
spicuous placentce projecting from the partition. It is 
one of the largest genera of plants (compare Senecio), and 
includes over 950 published species, of which perhaps 750 
are distinct. Their distribution is similar to that of the 
order, and they constitute half or two thirds of its species. 
They are herbs, shrubs, or small trees, sometimes climbers, 
of polymorphous habit, either smooth, downy, or woolly, 
or even viscous. They bear alternate entire or divided 
leaves, sometimes in pairs, bntnevertrulyopposite. Their 
flowers are yellow, white, violet, or purplish, grouped in 
panicled or umbeled cymes which are usually scorpioid, 
sometimes apparently racemose, rarely reduced to a single 
flower. The species form two groups, the subgenera Pa- 
chystemomtm and Leptostemonvm (l)unal, 1813), the first 
unarmed and with broad anthers, the other with long an- 
thers opening by minute pores, and commonly armed with 
straight spines on the branchlets, leaves, and calyx. South 
America is the central home of the genus, and of its most 
useful member, the potato, S. tuberosum, which occurs in 
numerous wild varieties, with or without small tubers on 
the rootstocks, from Lima to latitude 45* S. in Patagonia, 
and northward to New Mexico. (See potato, potato-rot, and 
cuts under rotate and tuber.) There are 15 native species 
in the United States, chiefly in the southwest, besides nu- 
merous prominent varieties and 5 introduced species. The 
seeds of many species are remarkably tenacious of life, and 
are therefore soon naturalized, especially the cosmopoli- 
tan weed 5. nigrum, the common or black nightshade, the 
original type of the genus (for which see nightshade, and 
figure of leaf under repand; and compare ointment of pop- 
lar-lnnta, under ointment): from this the name nightshade 
