solary 
From the like spirits in the earth the plants thereof 
perhaps acquire their verdure. And from such solary ir- 
radiations may those wondrous varieties arise which are 
observable in animals. Sir T. Browne, Vulg. En-., vi. Ii. 
solast, ". A Middle English form of solace, 
Solaster (so-las'ti>r), ii. [NL., < L. sol, the 
sun, + aster, a star.] The typical genus of 
Solasteridas, having 
more than five rays. 
In S. endeca, a common 
North Atlantic species. 
there are usually eleven 
or ten slender, tapering, 
and smooth arms, and 
the whole surface is 
closely reticulated. The 
corresponding sun-star 
of the North Pacific is 
S. decemradiatus, 
Solasteridse (so-las- 
ter'i-de), n. pi. 
[NL., < Solaster + 
-idle.} A family of 
starfishes, typified 
by the genus Solaster. The limits of the family vary, 
and it is sometimes merged in or called EchinaMeridie. 
There are several genera, most of them with more than 
five rays, as in Solaster. In Cribella (or CribreUa) the rays 
are six. In Crossaster pappostts, a common sun-star of 
both coasts of the North Atlantic, there are twelve short 
obtuse arms, extensively united by a membrane on the oral 
surface, and the upper aide is roughened with clubbed 
processes and spines. Kchinaster sentus is five-armed (see 
cut at EMnaster). The many-armed sun-stars of the ge- 
nus Heliaster (in some forms of which the rays are more 
than thirty in number) are brought under this family or 
referred elsewhere. Also written Solastridas. 
solatium (so-la'shi-um), n.; pi. solatia (-a). 
[L., also solatium, consolation, solace : see sol- 
dce.] Anything that alleviates or compensates 
for suffering or loss; a compensation; specifi- 
cally, in Scots law, a sum of money paid, over 
and above actual damages, to an injured party 
by the person who inflicted the injury, as a sol- 
ace for wounded feelings. 
sold 1 (sold). Preterit and past participle of sell 1 . 
S0ld 2 t, . [< ME. solde, souldye, soitcle, sowde, 
sowd = MHG. salt, G. sold = Sw. Dan. sold, < 
OF. solde, soulde, soude, F. solde, pay (of sol- 
diers), = Sp. sueldo = Pg. It. soldo, pay, < ML. 
soldus, soldiim, pay (of soldiers); cf. OF. sol, 
you, a piece of money, a shilling, F. sow, a small 
coin or value, = Pr. sol = Sp. sueldo = Pg. It. 
soldo, a coin (see sol' 2 , sou, soldo), < LL. solidus, 
a piece of money, ML. also in gen. money, < 
L. soUdus, solid : see solid, solidus. Hence ult. 
soldier.] Pay (of soldiers, etc.); salary. Spon- 
ger, F. Q., II. ix. 6. 
My Lord Tresorer graunted the seid vij. c. marc to my 
Lord of Norffolk, for the arrerag of hys sowde qeyl he was 
in Scotland. Fasten Letters, I. 41. 
S0ld 2 t, SOUd 2 t, v. t. [< ME. *solde>i, souden, < OF. 
solder, souder, pay, < solde, soude, pay: see sold 2 , 
n.] To pay. 
Imparnt is the pope that al the peuple sholde helpe, 
And soudeth hem that sleeth suche as he sholde sane. 
Piers Plowman (C), xxii. 431. 
soldadot (sol-da'do), n. [< Sp. soldado, a sol- 
dier : see soldier.] A soldier. Scott, Legend of 
Montrose, iii. 
Come, help me ; come, come, boys ; soldadoes, comrades. 
Fletcher, Kule a Wife, iv. 3. 
soldant, . An obsolete form of sultan. 
soldanel (sol'da-nel), n. A plant of the genus 
Soldanetta. Also written soldanelle. 
Soldanella (sol-da-nel'a), n. [NL. (Tournefort, 
1700) soldanella, dim. of soldana, a plant so 
called, < Olt. soldo, a coin : see soldo.] A genus 
of gamopetalous plants, of the order Primula- 
cese, the primrose family, and tribe Prinmless. 
It is characterized by flowers with a five-parted calyx, a 
broadly funnel-shaped or somewhat bell-shaped corolla 
with fringed lobes, five stamens inserted on the corolla, 
and an ovoid ovary which becomes a circumscissile cap- 
sule with a five- to ten-toothed mouth, containing many 
seeds on an elongated central placenta. There are 4 spe- 
cies, alpine plants of Europe. They are smooth, delicate, 
stemless herbs, growing from a short perennial rootstock, 
and bearing long-stalked, fleshy, and entire roundish 
leaves with a heart-shaped base. The nodding flowers, 
single or umbeled, are borne on a slender scape, and are 
blue, violet, rose-colored, or rarely white. S. alpina, 
growing near the snow-line on many European moun- 
tains, is, with other species, sometimes cultivated under 
the name soldanel or soldanelle, and has been also called 
blue moonwort. 
soldanesst, . An obsolete form of sultanesx. 
soldanriet, soldanryt, Obsolete forms of 
sultanry. 
soldatesque (sol-da-tesk'), [< F. soldatesque, 
< soldat, a soldier "(see soldier), + -esque.] Of 
or relating to a soldier ; soldier-like. [AGalli- 
I'ism.] 
His [the Captain's) cane clanking on the pavement, or 
waving round him in the execution of military cuts and 
^tliiatfuque manoeuvres. Thackeray, Pendennis, xxii. 
5753 
solder (sod 'IT or sol'der), . [Early moil. K. 
BJSO SOUlder. WI//T, .)</// (dial, also satcdi-r); 
< OF. souldure, soudun , x<md<-rf, soiidure, F. 
soudure = Sp. Pg. soldadura = It. soldatura, a 
soldering, < OF. xnudrr, .imililrr, m-i";. 'lolder, 
solder, consolidate, close or fasten together, = 
Pr.MMor *<ii/<tar = Sp. Pg. mildn>- = lt.aoliliu-i . 
xodare, < L. solidare, make firm, < solidus, solid, 
firm: see so/id, and cf. jjourfi.] 1. A fusible 
alloy used for joining or binding together metal 
surfaces or joints, as the edges of tin cans, jew- 
elry, and kitchen utensils. Being melted on each 
surface, the solder, partly 
by chemical attraction and 
partly by cohesive force, 
binds them together. After 
cleaning the edges to be 
Joined, the workman applies 
sshtfarsSS 1-- 
dered rosin to the cleaned , bar of solder; , soldering 
surfaces; then he touches iron; c, rosin-box ;ct,d, shavers or 
the heated soldering-iron to '""fas, used for cleaning sur- 
the rosin, and holding the lM$r.jfe; 
solder-bar and iron over after it is applied. 
the parts to be joined melts 
off little drops of solder at intervals along the margins, 
and runs all together with the hot iron. There are many 
of these alloys, as soft solder used for tinware, hard solder 
for brass and iron, gold solder, silver solder, spelter solder, 
plumbers' solder, etc. Every kind is used at its own melt- 
ing-point, which must always be lower than that of the 
metals to be united, soft solders being the most fusible. 
To soder such gold, there is a proper glew or soder. 
Holland, tr. of Pliny, xxxiii. 5. 
Hence 2. Figuratively, that which unites in 
any way. 
Friendship ! mysterious cement of the soul, 
Sweetener of life, and solder of society. 
Blair, The Grave, 1. 89. 
Aluminium solder. See aluminium. Hard solder, 
solder which fuses only at red heat, and therefore is used 
only to unite the metals and alloys which can endure that 
temperature. Spelter solder and silver solder are the prin- 
cipal varieties. Soft solder, (a) See def. 1. (6) Gross 
flattery or fulsome praise, particularly when used for self- 
ish aims. 
solder (sod'er or sol'der), v. t. [Early mod. E. 
also soulder, soder, sowder; < solder, n.] 1. To 
unite by a metallic cement ; join by a metallic 
substance in a state of fusion, which hardens 
in cooling, and renders the joint solid. 
I sowder a metall with sowlder. Je sonlde. 
Palsgrave, p. 725. 
2. Figuratively, to close up or unite firmly by 
any means. 
As if the world should cleaue, and that slaine men 
Should soader vp the Rift. 
Shak., A. and C. (folio 1623), iii. 4. 32. 
Would my lips had been soldered when I spake on 't I 
/;. Jonson, Epicoene, ii. 2. 
solderer (sod'er-er or sol'der-er), n. [< solder 
+ -er 1 .] One who or a machine which solders. 
soldering (sod'er-ing or sol'der-ing), . [Verbal 
n. of solder, v.] I. The act of one who or that 
which solders. 2. A soldered place or part. 
Even the delicate solderings of the ends of these wires 
to the copper clips were apparently the same as ever. 
Elect. Bee. (Eng.), XXV. 349. 
Autogenous soldering. See autogenous. Galvanic 
soldering, the process of uniting two pieces of metal by 
means of another metal deposited between them through 
the agency of a voltaic current. Soldering nipple. See 
nipple. 
soldering-block (sod'er-ing-blok), n. A tool 
employed in soldering cans, as a support and 
for trimming. It is adjustable for different 
sizes. 
soldering-bolt (sod'er-ing-bolt), n. Same as 
soldering-iron. 
soldering-frame (sod'er-ing-fram), n. A form 
of clamp for holding the parts together in sol- 
dering cans. 
soldering-furnace (sod'er-ing-fer"nas), n. A 
portable furnace used by tinners, etc., for heat- 
ing soldering-irons. 
soldering-iron (sod'er-ing-I*'ern), . A tool 
with which solder is melted and applied, it con- 
sists of a copper bit or bolt, having a pointed or wedge- 
shaped end, fastened to an iron rod with a wooden handle. 
In some forms the copper bit is kept hot by means of a 
gas-flame supplied through a flexible pipe connected with 
the handle. See cut under solder. 
soldering-machine (sod'er-ing-ma-shen*), w. 
In sheet-metal mark, a general name for appli- 
ances and machines for closing the seams of tin 
cans with solder; also, a soldering-block, or 
any other machine or appliance rendering me- 
chanical aid in soldering. The cans may be auto- 
matically dipped in molten solder, or the solder may be 
laid on the seams, which are then exposed to a gas-flame, 
hot blast, or the direct heat of a furnace. 
soldering-pot (sod'er-ing-pot), n. A small 
portable furnace used in soldering, especially 
for uniting the ends of telegraph-wires, it is 
soldier 
!iti< i| u itli n clump fur li"l 
In position; :inil when they are in place the furnace i* 
tilted, and UM melted Mldflr flowi o\*-r tin- wir.-s, i-te . anil 
forms 11 soMi.-iv<l joint. 
soldering-tongs (sod'to-tafl-tingz), n.ihtg. ami 
/)/. A Hat-iKisi-il tone's fur brazing thr ji lints of 
band-saws. The saw is held in a searflng-frame, with 
a film of solder between the lapping scarfed edges. ThU 
Him is ini-lU-d by clamping tin- hi-iiti'd tongs over the 
edge*. E. U. Knight. 
soldering-tool (iod'er-ing-MJl), . A soldering- 
iron, or other tool for soldering. 
solder-machine (sod'i i ma-shiiir). . A ma- 
chine for forming molten solder into rods or 
drops for use. 
soldi, H. Plural of soldi,. 
soldier (sol'jer), n. [Also dial, soijcr, sodger, so- 
jer; early mod. E. souldier, soldiour, souldiour; 
< ME. souldi/r, isiiii/ili/iiiii; miiuliniir, soiediour, 
sowdijinrn . muliinir, xoiiiti-itr, .inuilii r, ..umliiier, < 
OF. soldier, also soldoier, sovldoier, souldoyer, < 
ML. soldarius, a soldier, lit. 'one having pay,' 
< soldus, soldiim, pay : see sold 2 . Cf. D. nol- 
daat = G. Sw. Dan. soldat, < F. soldat, < It. sol- 
dato = Sp. Pg. soldado, a soldier, lit. ' one paid,' 
< ML. soldatus, pp. of soldare (> It. soldare = 
OF. solder), pay, < soldum, pay : see told 3 .] It. 
One who receives pay, especially for military 
service. 
Bruyn the here and ysegrym the wulf sente alle the 
londe a boute yf ony man wolde take wages that they 
shold come to bruyn and he wolde paye them their soul 
dye or wagis to fore, my fader ranne alle ouer the londe 
and bare the lettres. . . . My fader hadde ben oneral in 
the lande bytwene the elue and the somme. And hadde 
goten many a souldyour that shold the next somer haue 
comen to helpe bruyn. 
Caxton, Reynard the Fox (ed. ArberX p. 3(t. 
2. A person in military service, (a) One whose 
business is warfare, as opposed to a civilian. 
Madame, 30 misdon . . . 
To swiche a simpul suwdiour as icham forto knele. 
William of Palerne (E. E. T. 8.), 1. 3951. 
Fie, my lord, tie ! a soldier, and afeard ? 
Shak., Macbeth, v. 1. 40. 
(ft) One who serves In the land forces, as opposed to one 
serving at sea. 
3. Hence, one who obeys the commands and 
contends in the cause of another. 
Give me a favour, that the world may know 
I am your soldier. Fletcher, Mad Lover, v. 4. 
To continue Christ's faithful soldier and servant unto 
his life's end. 
Book of Common Prayer, Public Baptism of Infants. 
4. One of the rank and file, or sometimes in- 
cluding non-commissioned officers as opposed 
to commissioned officers. 
Me thinkes it were meete that any one, before he conn' 
to be a captayne, should have bene a soldwur. 
Spenser, State of Ireland. 
That in the captain 's but a choleric word 
Which in the soldier is flat blasphemy. 
Shak., M. for M., IL 2. 131. 
5. Emphatically, a brave warrior; a man of 
military experience, skill, or genius; a man of 
distinguished valor; one possessing the dis- 
tinctive carriage, looks, habits, or traits of 
those who make a profession of military ser- 
vice : as, he is every inch a soldier. 
So great a soldier taught us there 
What long-enduring hearts could do 
In that world's-earthquake, Waterloo ! 
Tennyson, Death of Wellington. 
6. In zool.: (a) One of that section of a colony 
of some kinds of ants which does the fighting, 
takes slaves, etc. ; a soldier-ant. (6) The cor- 
responding form in a colony of white ants or 
termites, (c) A soldier-beetle, (d) A sort of 
hermit-crab ; also, a fiddler-crab. 
Under those Trees [Sapadillies] we found plenty of Sol- 
diers, a little kind of Animals that live in Shells, and have 
two great Claws like a Crab, and are good food. 
Dampier, Voyages, I. 39. 
(e) The red gurnard, Trigta cuculus. [Local, 
Eng.] (/) A red herring. [British sailors' 
slang.] 7. One who makes a pretense of 
working, but is really of little or no use; one 
who works no more than is necessary to secure 
pay. See soger, 2. [Colloq.] 8. pi. A name 
of the red campion (Lychnis ditima), of the rib- 
wort (Plantago lanceolata), and of various other 
plants. Britten and Holland. Eng. Plant Names. 
[Prov. Eng. and Scotch.] Fresh-water soldier. 
See fresh-water. Old soldier, (a) A bottle emptied at 
a banquet, carouse, etc. (Slang.) (6) The stump, or un- 
smoked part, of a cigar. See npi, 3. [Slang.] Red 
soldier, a disorder of pigs ; rouget. 
A disorder affecting pigs, called In France "rouget," 
and in Ireland "red soldier," from the red patches that 
appear on the skin in fatal cases. This affection depends 
on a bacillus. Lancet, 1890, II. 217. 
Single soldiert. See tingle). Soldier of fortune, one 
who is ready to serve as a soldier wherever profit, honor, 
