soldier 
pleasure, or other advantage is most to be had. Soldiers 
and sailors, soldier-beetles. Soldier's wind (naul.), 
:i fair ind for going nnd returning. To come the Old 
soldier over one, to impose upon one. [Colloq. | 
I should think he was coming the old soldier over me, 
and keeping up his (same. But no he can scarce have 
the impudence to think of that. 
Scott, St. Roiuui s Well, xvin. 
soldier (sol'jer), . i. [< soldier, .] 1. To s.-rv< 
as a soldier: as, to go soldier in;/. 
Few nobles come. . . . Barras ... is one. The reck- 
less shipwrecked man : HUIIK ashore on the coast of the 
Maldives long ago, while sailing and soldiering as Indian 
Fighter. Carlyle, French Key., III. i. 7. 
2. To bully; hector. Halliwell. [Prov. Eng.] 
3. To make a pretense or show of working, 
so as to be kept upon the pay-roll ; shirk ; feign 
sickness ; malinger. See soger, 2. [Colloq.] 
The two long lines of men attached to the ropes on the 
left shore . . . stretchout ahead of us so far that it needs 
an opera-glass to discover whether the leaders are pulling 
or only soldiering. 
C. D. Warner, Winter on the Nile, p. 24S. 
4. To make temporary use of (another man's 
horse). Thus, a man wanting a mount catches the first 
horse he can, rides it to his destination, and then lets it 
go. [Slang, Australia.] 
soldier-ant (sol'jer-ant), n. Same as soldier, 
6 (a) (b). 
soldier-beetle (sol'jer-be'tl), ti. Any beetle of 
Pennsylvania Soldier-beetle (Chanlwettttt hits yams *****.*,**,. 
a, larva, natural size ; f>, head of sume, from below, enlarged ; 
c to H, mouth-parts, enlarged ; i, beetle, natural size. 
the family Tcleplwridee. The Pennsylvania soldier- 
beetle, Chauliognathus pennsylvanic-us, is common in the 
United states. 
The beetles live 
upon pollen, but 
then 4 larvie are 
carnivorous and 
destroy other in- 
sects. The two- 
lined soldier-bee- 
tle, Telephorui 
bilineatus, is also 
u 
Two-lined Soldier-beetle (Ttlefihoru. 
neatus). a, larva ; b, head and thorauit 
joints of same, enlarged ; f, beetle, (a and <- preys Upon the 
natural size.) larvie of the COd- 
ling-moth. 
A predaceous bug 
. Soldier-bug (Podistti 
r). a, nymph ; *, larva : 
<", egg ; d, proboscis of adult, all 
enlarged (lines show natural sizes 
of a and #) ; f, adult, natural size. 
soldier-bug (sol'jer-bug), 
of the family Peiitato- 
midse; any rapacious 
reduvioid. Podisus spi- 
nosus is a common North 
American species known as 
the spined soldier-bug. It 
preys upon many destruc- 
tive Iarva3, such as the fall 
web-worm, cutworms, and 
the larvse of the Colorado 
potato-beetle. The ring- 
banded soldier-bug is Peril- 
lus circumcinetus. The rapa- 
cious soldier-bug is Sinea 
diadema. See cuts under 
Pentatomulae, Perillus, Po- 
disus, Sinea. and Harpactor. 
soldier-bush (sol'jer- 
bush), n. Same as sol- 
dierwood. 
soldier-crab (sol ' jer- 
krab), w. A hermit- 
crab ; a soldier. 
soldieress (sol'jer-es), . [< goldier + -ess.] A 
female soldier. [Rare.] 
Soldieress, 
lhat equally canst poise sternness with pity. 
Fletcher (and another), Two Noble Kinsmen, i. I. 
soldier-fish (sol'jer-fish), . The blue darter 
or rainbow-darter, Etlieostoma cxruleum, of 
gorgeous colors, the male having about twelve 
nmgO-Mue bars running obliquely downward 
and backward, and being otherwise vividly 
colored. It is abundant in rivers of the Mis- 
sissippi valley. 
soldier-fly (sol'jer-fli), . A dipterous insect of 
the family Stratoomyidie : so called from its or- 
namentation. 
soldiering (sol 'jer-ing), . [Verbal n. of sol- 
dier, v.] 1. The state of being a soldier; the 
act or condition of serving as a soldier; mili- 
tary duty; campaigning. 
The simple soldiering of Grant and Foote was solving 
.ome of the problems that confused scientific hypothesis 
The Century, XXXVI. (164. 
6764 
2. The act of feigning to work ; shirking. 
[Colloq.] 
soldier-like (sol'jer-lik), a. Soldierly. 
I will not say pity me ; 'tis not a soldier-like phrase. 
Shak., M. W. of W., ii. 1. 13. 
On hearing the general orders, he discharged a tempest 
of veteran, soldier-like oaths. 
Irving, Knickerbocker, p. 318. 
soldierly (sol'jer-li), . [Early mod. E. snul- 
dicrly; < soldier + -ly 1 .] Like or befitting a sol- 
dier, especially in a moral sense: as, soldierly 
conduct. 
He seem'd a souldierlij person and a good fellow. 
Krrli/n, Diary, June IB, 167;'.. 
His own [face), tho' keen and bold and xoldirrlii, 
Sear'd by the close ecliptic, was not fair. 
Tennyson, Aylmer's Field. 
soldier-moth (sol'jer-moth), . An East Indian 
geometrid moth, Emclioim iiiilititrix. 
soldier-orchis (s61'jer-6r"kis), n. A handsome 
orchid, Orchis militaris, of the northern Old 
World. It bears a dense oblong spike of small chiefly 
purple flowers. So named, perhaps, from the helmet-like 
adjustment of the sepals, or from Its erect habit. 
soldier 's-herb (sol'jerz-erb), H. Same as niati- 
co l . 
soldiership (sol'jer-ship), H. [< goldier + 
-ship.] Tne state of being a soldier ; the quali- 
ties of a soldier, or those becoming a soldier ; 
especially, skill in military matters. 
His soldiership 
Is twice the other twain. 
Shale., A. and C., ii. 1. 34. 
soldierwood (sdl'jer-wud), . A West Indian 
leguminous shrub, Calliandra purpurea. Its 
flowers are in heads, the stamens, as in the genus gen- 
erally, united into a tube and long-exserted, forming the 
conspicuous part. 
soldiery (sol'jer-i), . [Early mod. E. soal- 
diery, soldiourie; < soldier + -y*.] If. Soldier- 
ship; military service. 
Basilius . . . inquired of his estate, adding promise of 
great rewards, among the rest offering to him, if he would 
exercise his courage in soldiery, he would commit some 
charge unto him under his lieutenant Philanax. 
Sir P. Sidney, Arcadia, i. 
To read a lecture of soldiery to Hannibal, the most cun- 
ningest warrior of his time. Ford, Line of Life. 
2. Soldiers collectively, whether in general, 
or in any state, or any army, camp, or the like. 
They, expecting a sharp encounter, brought Sigebert, 
whom they esteem 'd an expert Leader, with his presence 
to confirm the Souldiery. Milton, Hist. Eng., iv. 
The ferocious deeds of a savage and infuriated soldiery. 
Clay, Speech on Greek Rev. 
soldo (sol'do), w. ; pi. soldi (-di). [< It. soldo, 
a coin: see sol 2 , sou.] A small Italian coin of 
sole 
The sole of their [the cherubim < I fn-t was lik. ihc .w,' 
nf a calf's foot. I'zi'k. i. 7. 
2. The foot. [Rare.] 
Hast wandred through the world now long a day, 
Yett ceassest not thy weary soles to lead. 
Spenser, F. Q., I. x. 9. 
3. That part of a shoe or boot which comes 
under the sole of the foot, and' upon which the 
wearer treads. In boots and shoes with heels, the term 
is usually limited to the part that is in front of the heel 
and of nearly uniform thickness throughout. See half- 
sole, and cuts under boot? and pmilaine. 
You have dancing shoes 
With nimble Mir*. lihak., R. and J.. i. 4. I/,. 
4. The part of anything that forms the bottom. 
and on which it stands upon the ground; the 
bottom or lower part of anything, (a) In agri., 
the bottom part of a plow, to the fore part of which is 
attached the point or share, (b) In farriery, the horny 
under side of any foot ; the bottom of the hoof, (c) In 
fort., the bottom of an embrasure or gun-port. See em- 
Erasure, 2. (d) Xaut., a piece of timber attached to the 
lower part of a rudder, to render it level with the false 
keel, (e) The seat or bottom of a mine : applied to hori- 
zontal veins or lodes. (/) The floor of a bracket on which 
a plumber-block rests. (</) The plate which constitutes 
the foundation of a marine steam-engine, and which is 
bolted to the keelson. (A) The floor or hearth of the metal 
chamber in a reverberatory, puddling, or boiling furnace, 
(i) In carp., the lower surface of a plane, (j) The bottom 
frame of a wagon, coach, or railway-car. (A 1 ) The metal 
shoe of a sled-runner. (0 The lower edge of a turbine. 
(m) In ship-building, the bottom plank of the cradle, rest- 
ing on the bilgeways, and sustaining the lower ends of 
the poppets, which are mortised into the sole and support 
the vessel. See cut under launchiny-ways. E. //. Kniyht. 
() In eoiich., the surface of the body on which a gastro- 
pod creeps. 
5. A flat surface like the sole of the foot. 
The stones in the boulder-clay have a characteristic 
form and surface. They are usually oblong, have one or 
more flat sides or soles, are smoothed or polished, and have 
their edges worn round. A. Qeikie, Encyc. Brit, X. 367. 
sole 1 (sol), c. t. ; pret. and pp. soled, ppr. soling. 
[< oiV;l, M.] To furnish with a sole, as a shoe 
or boot ; put a new sole on. Compare liu/f- 
xole, '. t. 
This fellow waits on him now in tennis court socks, or 
slippers soled with wool. B. Jonson, Eplccene, 1. 1. 
sole- (sol), n. [< ME. sole = G. sohle = 8w. 
sola, < OF. (and F.) sole = Pr. solha = Sp. 
xueltt = Pg. sollia = It. soglia, < L. solea, the 
sole (fish), prob. so called from its flatness, 
< solea, a slipper or sandal : see sole*.] In 
iclith., a flatfish of the family Soleidsp, and espe- 
cially of the genus Solea ; a goleid or sole-fish. 
The common sole of Europe Is S. vulgaris, formerly Pleu- 
ronectes solea. The body is elongate-oval, and has been 
Obverse. Reverse 
Billon Soldo of Peter Leopold, Grand Duke of Etruria, 1778, in the 
British Museum. (Size of original.) 
copper or billon, the twentieth part of the lira ; 
a sol or sou. 
sole 1 (sol), H. [< ME. sole, soole (of the foot or of 
a shoe), < AS. sole (pi. solen, for "solan) =MD. 
sole, D. :ool = MLG. sole, LG. sale = OHG. 
sola, MHG. sole, sol, G. sohle = Icel. soli = Sw. 
s&la = Dan. saale = Goth, sulja, the sole of the 
foot, = Olt. suola, also suolo, It. suolo = Sp. 
sitela = Pg. sola = Pr. sola, sol = F. sole, the 
sole of the foot, < ML. sola, a collateral form 
(found in glossaries) of L. solea, a slipper or 
sandal (consisting of a single sole fastened on 
by a strap across the instep), a kind of shoe 
for animals, also the sole of the foot (of ani- 
mals), in ML. also the sole of a shoe, a flat 
under surface, the bottom, < solum, the ground, 
soil. Cf. soift, sole".] 1. The bottom or 
under side of the foot; technically, the plan- 
ta, corresponding to the palm of the hand. 
The sale of ordinary language does not correspond well 
with planta, except in the cases of plantigrades. In digiti- 
grades sole usually means only that part of the planta 
which rests upon the ground in ordinary locomotion, or 
the balls of the toes collectively ; it also applies to the 
fore as well as the hind feet of such quadrupeds, thus 
including the corresponding parts of the palma, or palm ; 
while the planta may extend far up the hind leg (only), as 
to the hock of the horse. In the horse sole is restricted 
to the under side of the hoof of either fore or hind feet 
(see def 4 (6)). In birds the sole of the foot is the under 
side of the toes taken together. See planta, and cuts under 
plantigrade, di?itigrade,scutelliplantnr, and solidtingulate 
; - 1 ^ . 
European Sole (Solea vnlgaris or sotea). 
compared to the form of a human sole; the dorsal and 
anal flns are very long, but free from the caudal, which 
has a rounded end, and pectorals are developed on 
both sides ; the mouth is moderately decurved ; the nos- 
trils of the blind side are not dilated ; and the height 
of the body is a little less than a third of the total 
length. The color is a dark brown, with a black spot at 
the end of the pectoral fln. This sole is common along 
the European coasts, and is one of the most esteemed 
of food-fishes. The flesh is white, firm, and of excellent 
flavor, especially when the fish has been taken in deep 
water. The average weight is about a pound, although 
the fish occasionally reaches a much larger size. It pre- 
fers sandy or gravelly shores, but retires into deep water 
when frost sets in. It feeds chiefly upon mollusks, but 
also on the eggs of fishes and other animals. It some- 
times ascends into fresh water. There are other spe- 
cies, of several different genera, as Achirus Kneatus, 
commonly called hog-chotter. The name sole is also 
given to various species of the related family Plemo- 
nectidtf. Along the California!! coast the common sole 
is a pleuronectoid, Lepidopsetta bilineata. which reaches 
a length of about 20 inches and a weight of five or 
six pounds, although its average weight as seen in the 
markets is about three pounds. In San Francisco only 
about two per cent, of the flatfishes caught belong to 
this species, but along Puget Sound it constitutes about 
thirty per cent, of the catch. It feeds chiefly on crus- 
taceans and small fishes, and is regarded as an excellent 
food-fish. Other Pleuroneetidje called sales along the Pa 
cific coast of North America are the Paropttrys vetulus and 
nippoglossnidesjordani. See also cuts-under Pleuronecti- 
da and Soleida. 
Solea is the sole, that is a swete flsshe and holsom for 
seke people. Babees Book (E. E. T. S.), p. 238. 
Bastard sole. See bastard. Dwarf sole, the little 
sole, or solenette, Solea minuta. French sole Same as 
lemon-sole, I. Land-sole, a slug of the genus Arum. 
The Arions, or Land-soles. 
P. P. Carpenter, Led. Mollusca (1861), p. 79. 
