sole 
Lemon sole. See lemon-mle. Smooth sole, A nmjlos- 
"us laltrna, the megrim or scald-fish. -Variegated sole 
tile bastard sole, Solea vari*"/,*!,,. Bee bastard. 
sole 3 (sol), . [< ME. soli; < OF. ml, F. seul = 
Pr. xul = Sp. xiiln = Pg. *o = It. so/o, < L. solus, 
alone, only, single, sole, lonely, solitary; prob. 
the same word as OL. suit us, entire, complete, 
= Gr. 6/of (Ionic <n''?,of), whole, = Skt. garca, 
all, whole: see .w/r. Hence (< L.) sulilni-i/. 00ft- 
tiule. soln, milli'ii. .iii/iliii/iii/, ill. -iii/iit/', etc. From 
the Gr. word is the first element in holocauxt, 
holograph, eto.] 1. Only; alone in its kind ; be- 
ing or acting without another; single; unique; 
individual: as, God is the sole creator and sov- 
ereign of the world. 
To parley with the sole inheritor 
Of all perfections that a man may owe, 
Matchless Navarre. Shak., L. L. L., ii. 1. 5. 
I mean, says he, never to allow of the lie being by con- 
struction, implication, or induction, but by the sole use 
of the word itself. Addison, Tatler, No. 256. 
2. Alone ; unaccompanied ; solitary. [Archaic.] 
Go forth sole and make thy moue. 
Rom. of the Rose, 1. 2396. 
I am oft-times sole, but seldom solitary. 
Howell, Letters, u. 77. 
Flush'd Ganymede, his rosy thigh 
Half-buried in the Eagle's down, 
Sole as a flying star shot thro' the sky. 
Tennyson, Palace of Art. 
3t. Mere. 
Whose sole name blisters our tongues. 
Shak., Macbeth, iv. 3. 12. 
4. In law, single; unmarried; not having a 
spouse : as, a feme sole. See/ewe sole corpora- 
tion. See corporation sole, under corporation, 1. Sole 
tenant. See tenant. 
sole 3 (sol), adv. [< so/3, .] Alone ; by itself ; 
singly. [Rare.] 
But what the repining enemy commends, 
That breath fame blows ; that praise, sole pure, tran- 
scends. Shak., T. and C., i. 3. 244. 
SOle 4 t (sol), . [< ME. sole, soole, < AS. sal, a cord, 
rope, rein, chain, collar, = OS. sel = OHG. MHG. 
G. sell = Icel. seil = Goth. *sail (in deriv. insail- 
jan), a cord, = OBulg. silo, a cord; akin to Gr. 
l/idf, a band, Skt. / si, bind.] A wooden band 
or yoke put around the neck of an ox or a cow 
in a stall. Palsgrave. 
sole 5 (sol), H. [Also sort/; prob. a particular 
use of sole 1 .] A pond. [Prov. Eng.] 
sole 6 (sol), c. t. [Also soal, sowl, formerly sowle; 
origin uncertain.] To pull by the ears; pull 
about; haul; lug. [Prov. Eng.] 
He'll go, he says, and "/'/ the porter of Rome gates by 
the ears. Shak., Cor., iv. 5. 214. 
Venus will sowle me by the ears for this. 
lleywood, Love's Mistress (1636). 
To sole a bowlt, to handle it skilfully. 
To sole a bowl, probe et rite emittere globum. 
Coles, Lat. Diet. (Halliwell.) 
I censured his light and ludicrous title of " Down-Derry " 
modestly in these words : "It were strange if he should 
throw a good cast who soals his bowl upon an undersong "; 
alluding to that ordinary and elegant expression in our 
English tongue, " soal your bowl well " that is, be careful 
to begin your work well. 
Abp. Bramhall, Works, II. 366. (Davies.) 
sole 7 (sol), u. Same as so/3. 
solea 1 (so'le-a), n.; pi. soleas (-e). [NL., < L. 
solea, sole, etc. : see sole 1 .] 1. The sole of the 
foot. See sole 1 . 2. Same as soleus. 
Solea 2 (so'le-a), n. [NL., < L. solea, a sole: see 
sole 2 .] In iclith., an old name of the sole-fish 
(as Klein, 1748), now the typical genus of the 
family Soleidss, with various limits: (a) includ- 
ing all the species of the family, or (6) limited 
to the sole of the European seas and closely 
related species. See cut under so/e 2 . 
sole-channel (sol'chan"el), . In a boot- or 
shoe-sole, a groove in which the sewing is sunk 
to protect it from wear. 
solecise, c. See solecize. 
solecism (sol'e-sizm), . [< OF. solecisme, F. 
xolecisme = Sp! Pg. It. solecismo = G. solodsmus, 
< L. soloidsmus, < Gr. aotomiafiof, < ao/MniZeiv, 
speak or write incorrectly, be rude or awkward 
in manner, < cruAowcof, speaking incorrectly, us- 
ing provincialisms (oi ootoiKoi, foreigners), also 
awkward or rude in manners : said to have 
meant orig. 'speaking or acting like an inhabi- 
tant of Soli,' < 26~Aoi, L. Soli, Soloe, a town in 
Cilicia, a place said to have been colonized by 
Athenian emigrants (afterward called Pom- 
peiopolis, now Mesetli), or, according to another 
account, by Argives and Lydians from Rhodes. 
Others refer the word to another town, Soli. 
2<i/loi, in Cyprus.] 1. A gross deviation from 
the settled usages of grammar; a gross gram- 
matical error, such as "I done it" for "I did 
it." 
Whatever you meddle with, excipt when ynu makewk- 
cums, Is grammar still. Mill;,,, Ans. I,, Salmaslus, I. 
The offences against the usage of the English language 
are (1) Barbarisms, -,,nls n.,t Mniilisli: (y ,sWccin, 
constructions not English; (3) Improprieties, words or 
phrases used in a ense not English. 
A. S. Hill, Rhetoric, III. 
2. Loosely, any small blunder in speech. 
Think on 't, a close fri. ml, 
Or private mistress, Is court rhct,,j i. 
A wife, mere rustic solea m. 
Matrinyer, Guardian, i. 1. 
They (the inhabitants of London] are thu minimi -<!. 
ci, and their solecisms have furnished much food for laugh- 
ter. Ihls kind of local reproach is not common, but II is 
not unprecedented. \ ,,,,d V., 7th ser., IX. 74. 
3. Any unfitness, absurdity, or impropriety, us 
in behavior; a violation of the conventional 
rules of society. 
T. Ca. [Carew] buzzed me in the Ear that, tho' Ben [Jon 
son] had barrelled up a great deal of Knowledge yet ii 
seems he had not read the Ethics, which, unonnt other 
Precepts of Morality, forbid Self-commendation, declaring 
it to be an Ul-favor d Solecism in good Manners. 
Unwell, Letters, ii. IS. 
4. An incongruity; an inconsistency; that 
which is incongruous with the nature of things 
or with its surroundings; an unnatural phenom- 
enon or product; a prodigy; a monster. 
It is the solecism of power to think to command the end, 
and yet not to endure the mean. Bacon, Empire (ed. 1887). 
An ungodly man of God what a solecism! What a 
monster ! Mather Dyles, Sermon at New London (1758). 
=Syn. 1. Barbarism, etc. See impropriety. 
SOlecist (sol'e-sist), . [< Gr. ao^MKiartK, one 
who speaks or pronounces incorrectly, < oototici- 
&iv, speak or write incorrectly: see solecism.'] 
One who is guilty of a solecism or solecisms in 
language or behavior. 
solecistic (sol-e-sis'tik), a. [< solecist + -ic.] 
Pertaining to or involving a solecism ; incor- 
rect; incongruous. 
SOlecistical (sol-e-sis'ti-kal), a. [< solecistic + 
-al.] Same as solecistic. ' 
The use of these combinations, with respect to the pro- 
nouns, Is almost always solecistital. 
Tyrwhitt, Gloss, to Chaucer, under self. 
solecistically (sol-e-sis'ti-kal-i), adv. In a sole- 
cistic manner. Wollaston. 
solecize (sol'e-siz), v. i. ; pret. and pp. solecized, 
ppr. solecizing. [< Gr. oo/juKifctv, speak or write 
incorrectly: see solecism.'] To commit sole- 
cisms. Also spelled solecise. 
This being too loose a principle, to fancy the holy writ 
ers to solecize in their language when we do not like the 
sense. Dr. H. More, Mystery of Godliness (1660), 1. 9. 
Solecurtidas (sol-e-ker'ti-de), . pi. [NL., < 
Solecurtus + -idee.] A family of bivalve mol- 
lusks, typified by the genus Solecurtus. 
Solecurtus (sol-e-ker'tus), n. [NL. (De Blain- 
ville, 1824), also Solecurtius, Solenicurtus, Sole- 
nocurtus, Solenociirtiiis; < Solen + L. curhis, 
short.] A genus of razor-shells, of the family 
Solenidse, containing forms shorter and com- 
Sfftecurtiis strigilatits. 
paratively deeper than the species of Solen, 
and with submediau umbones: in some systems 
made type of the family Soleeurtldse. 
sole-fish (sol'fish), n. The sole. See sole*. 
sole-fleuk (sol'flOk), . The smear-dab. [Scotch.] 
solei, n. Plural of soleus. 
Soleidse (so-le'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < Solea* + 
-idle.] The soles or sole-fish, a family of pleu- 
ronectoid fishes typified by the genus Solen. 
The body is oval or elliptical, the snout roundish, and the 
oral cleft more or less decurved and very small. The oper 
cular bones are concealed in the scaly skin, the upper eye 
is advanced more or less In front of the lower, and the pec- 
torals are often rudimentary or absent. The species are 
numerous, and of several genera in different seas. Some 
are much esteemed for the delicacy of their flesh, while 
others are quite worthless. The common sole of Europe 
is the best-known. The American sole is AcMrus lineatm 
(figured in next column). See Sofeo2, and cuts under Plev- 
ronectidte and sole?. 
soleifonn (so'le-i-form), a. [< L. solea, sole, + 
forma, form.] ' Having the form of a slipper. 
SOleint, and . A Middle English form of 
sullen . 
i./i. i. A siron^, i,,.a\ v 
leather especially prepared for boot- and Kh<n ; - 
. The hides are taken from the tanning-tanks, the 
spent tan is brushed off, and the hides are dried In a cool 
place, then laid mi polished stone slab, and beaten with 
Iron or wooden hammers operated by machinery. 
2. Same as Hole-leather kel)> Sole-leather kelp, 
a name given to some of the larger Latninariaccie, such as 
L. digiiata. See iMminaria. Sole-leather stripper, 
machine with adjustable blades or skivers for stripping 
the rough side of leather. E. II. Kniyht. 
solely (sol'li), adv. 1. Singly; alone; only: 
without another: as, to rest a cause solely n 
one argument. 
To supply those defects and imperfections which are in 
us living single and tolely by ourselves, we are naturally 
Induced to seek communion and fellowship with others. 
Booker, Eccles. Polity, 1. 10. 
I am not solely led 
By nice direction of a maiden's eyes. 
SAo*., M. of V., II. 1. is. 
2f. Completely; wholly; altogether. 
Think him a great way fool, solely a coward. 
Shak., All's Well, 1. 1. 112. 
solemn (sol'em), . [Early mod. E. also golcmm: 
< ME. solemne, solempne, solenne, soleyn, < OF. 
solempne, solennie, F. solennel = Sp. Pg. solemne. 
= It. solenne, stated, appointed, as a religious 
rite, < L. sollemnis, alsosollemjinis, sollennis, less 
correctly with a single I, solemnis, solennis. year- 
ly, annual, occurring annually, as a religious 
rite, religious, festive, solemn, < sollus, entire, 
complete (prob. same as solus, alone, > E. sole 3 ). 
+ annus, a year.] It. Recurring yearly ; an- 
nual. 
And his fadlr and modir wenten ech J?eer in to Jerusa- 
lem, In the solempne dai of pask. Wyd\f, Luke ii. 41. 
Me thought y herd a crowned kyng of his comunes axe 
A snleyn subsidie to susteyne his werres. 
The Crowned King (E. E. T. S.), 1. SO. 
2. Marked by religious rites or ceremonious 
observances; connected with religion ; sacred; 
also, marked by special ritual or ceremony. 
O, the sacrifice ! 
How ceremonious, solemn, and unearthly 
It was 1' the offering ! Shak., W. T., Hi. 1. 7. 
He [King Richard] took a solemn Oath, That he should 
observe Peace, Honour, and Reverence to Almighty God, 
to his Church, and to his Ministers, all the Days of his Life. 
Baker, Chronicles, p. 01. 
3f. Pertaining to holiday ; festive; joyous. 
A Frere ther was, a wantoun and a merye. 
A lymytour, a ful solempne man. 
Chaucer, Gen. Prol. to C. T., 1. 209. 
And let be there thre yomen assigned to serue the bye 
tabulle and the two syde tabullis in mlenne dayes. 
Babees Book (E. E. T. S. ), p. ago. 
My lords, a solemn hunting is In hand ; 
There will the lovely Roman ladies troop 
Shak., Tit. And., II. 1. 112. 
4f. Of high repute ; important; dignified. 
A Webbe, a Deyere, and a Tapicer, 
And they were clothed alle In oo lyvere. 
Of a folempne and a gret fraternlW. 
Chaucer, Gen. Prol. to C. T., t. 364. 
5. Fitted to excite or express serious or devout 
reflections; grave; impressive; awe-inspiring: 
as, a solemn pile of buildings. 
There ralgnd a solemne silence over all. 
Spenser, F. Q., I. vlll. S'. 
A figure like your father . . . 
Appears before them, and with solemn march 
Goes slow and stately by them. 
Shak., Hamlet,!, -j. LMI 
It (life) becomes vastly more solemn than death : for we 
are not responsible for dying: we are responsible for liv- 
ing. J. F. Clarke, self-fnltare, p. 7.'.. 
6. Marked by seriousness or earnestness in lan- 
guage or demeanor; impressive; grave: as, to 
make a solemn promise ; a solemn utterance. 
Why do you bend such solemn brows on me? 
Shak., K. John, Iv. 2. 90. 
What signifies breaking some scores of solemn prom- 
ises? all that 's of no consequence, you know. 
Sheridan, The Rivals, Iv. 2. 
7. Affectedly grave, serious, or important: as, 
to put on a solemn face. 
