Solidago 
herbalists of two and three centuries ago pronouncing it 
"one of the most noble wonnd-herbs," and prescribing "a 
tea of the young leaves, green or dry." It was also once 
in repute in Europe as a dye, and a variety of S. nemoralis 
is locally called dyer's-weed in America. S. Canadensis and 
others have been popularly known as yellow-weed, and S. 
ruyosa as bitterweed. S. riyida, is also a reputed astringent. 
The goldenrod has been recommended by many as the 
national emblem of the United States. 
2. [/. e.] A plant of this genus; goldenrod. 
solidaret (sol-i-dar'), . [Appar.< F. solidaire, 
solid (see solidary), with sense of ML. solidus, 
a piece of money: see solidus, soldo, sol 2 .] A 
small piece of money. 
Here 's three solidares for thee ; good boy, wink at me, 
and say thou sawest me not. Shale., T. of A., iii. 1. 46. 
solidaric (sol-i-dar'ik), a. [Irreg. < solidar-y 
+ -ic.] Characterized by solidarity. [Rare.] 
In the very nature of things family supremacy will be 
absolutely incompatible with an interdependent solidaric 
commonwealth. The Century, XXXI. 745. 
solidarity (sol-e-dar-e-ta'), n. [F.: see soli- 
darity.] In French law: (a) The relation 
among co-debtors who are jointly and severally 
bound that is, may be held jointly or sever- 
ally at the option of the creditor, (b) The re- 
lation among co-creditors holding an obliga- 
tion which gives expressly to each of them the 
right to demand payment of the entire debt, 
so that a payment made to any one will dis- 
charge the debt. 
solidarity (sol-i-dar'i-ti), n. [< F. solidarity (= 
Sp. solidaridad = Pg. solidariedade), joint lia- 
bility, mutual responsibility, < solidaire, solid: 
see solidary.] Mutual responsibility existing 
between two or more persons; communion of 
interests and responsibilities. 
Solidarity, a word which we owe to the French commu- 
nists, and which signifies a fellowship in gain and loss, in 
honour and dishonour. 
Trench, English Past and Present, p. 68. 
Strong government came in with the sixteenth century, 
and strong government was a very strong element in ref- 
ormation history, for it weakened the solidarity of the 
Catholic Church. 
Slubbs, Medieval and Modern Hist, p. 232. 
There is a solidarity in the arts ; they do not flourish in 
isolated independence. 
C. E. Norton, Church-building in Middle Ages, p. 31. 
solidary (sol'i-da-ri), a. [= F. solidaire (= Sp. 
Pg. so/ida rio), < solide, solid: see solid.] Char- 
acterized by solidarity, or community of in- 
terests and responsibilities; jointly interested 
or responsible. 
Our one object is to save the revelation in the Bible 
from being made solidary, as our Comtist friends say 
with miracles ; from being attended to or held cheap just 
in proportion as miracles are attended to or are held 
cheap. M. Arnold, Literature and Dogma, viii. 
SOlidate (sol'i-dat), i: t.; pret. and pp. soli- 
dated, ppr. solidating. [< L. solidatits, pp. of 
solidare, make dense, make whole or sound, < 
solidus, compact, firm, solid: see solid.] To 
make solid or firm. [Rare.] 
This shining Piece of Ice, 
Which melts so soon away ' 
With the Sun's Ray, ' 
Thy verse does solidatt. and crystallize. 
Cotfley, Pindaric Odes, iv. 3. 
solid-drawn (sol'id-dran), a. In mctal-workinn, 
drawn from hollow ingots, in which mandrels 
of constantly decreasing diameter are succes- 
sively inserted, till both exterior and interior 
diameters are brought down to the required 
dimensions. 
solid-hoofed (sol 'id-hof t ), a. Solidungulate or 
soliped; whole-hoofed; not cloven-hoofed See 
cut under Solidungulate. 
solid-horned (sol'id-h6rnd), a. Having solid 
deciduous horns or antlers, as deer; not hollow- 
horned. The solid-horned ruminants are the 
deer tribe. See Cercidse and Tragulidie. 
sohdl, n. Plural of solidus. 
solidifiable (so-lid'i-fi-a-bl), a. [< so u d if,j + 
solid Capable of bei "g solidified or rendered 
solidification (so-lid"i-fi-ka'shou), n. [< solidi- 
fy + -alion (see -fy).] The act or process of 
making solid; specifically, in physics, the pas- 
sage of a body from a liquid or gaseous to a solid 
Mate. It is accompanied by evolution of heat 
without a decrease of temperature, and b v 
change of volume. 
solidify (so-lid'i-fl), . ; pret. and pp. solidified, 
ppr. soM.Jymg [< F. solidifier= gp. Pg. solid - 
ficar; as solid + -fy.] I. trans. To convert 
om a liquid or gaseous state to a solid state; 
make solid or compact: as, to solidify hydro- 
II. intmns. To become solid or compact- as 
water solidifies into ice through cold 
5760 
SOlidism (sol'i-dizm), n. [< solid + -ism.] In 
med., the doctrine that refers all diseases to al- 
terations of the solid parts of the body. It rests 
on the opinion that the solids alone are endowed with vi- 
tal properties, and that they only can receive the impres- 
sion of morbific agents and be the seat of pathological phe- 
nomena. Opposed to Galenimi or humorism. 
solidist (sol'i-dist), . [< solid + -ist.] One 
who believes in or maintains the doctrine of 
solidism. 
solidistic (sol-i-dis'tik), a. [< solidist + -ir.] 
Of or pertaining to the solidists. 
It is perhaps natural that we should revert to thesolidis- 
tic notion of the all-pervading influence of the nervous sys- 
tem. Lancet, 1889, II. 1123. 
solidity (so-lid'i-ti), n. [< F. solidite = Pr. so- 
liditat = It. soliditd, < L. solidita(t-)s, < solidus, 
solid: see solid.] 1. The state or property of 
being solid. Specifically (o) The property of resisting 
a force tending to change the figure of a body : opposed 
to fluidity. 
The idea of solidity we receive by our touch ; and it 
arises from the resistance which we find in a body to the 
entrance of any other body into the place it possesses till 
it has left it. Locke, Human Understanding, II. iv. 1. 
(b) The absolute impenetrability attributed by some meta- 
physicians to matter. [This use of the word is almost pe- 
culiar to Locke. Sir W. Hamilton attributes eight physical 
meanings to the word the property of occupying space ; 
extension in three dimensions ; absolute impenetrability; 
great density ; relative immovability; weight; hardness; 
and non-fluidity.] (c) Fullness of matter : opposed to hol- 
loiniiess. (d) Massiveness ; substantiality; hence, strength ; 
stability. 
These towers are of tremendous girth and solidity; they 
are encircled with great bands, or hoops, of white stone, 
and are much enlarged at the base. 
H. James, Jr., Little Tour, p. 98. 
(e) Strength and firmness in general; soundness ; strength ; 
validity ; truth ; certainty. 
They answered the objections with great strength and 
solidity of argument. Addison, Tatler, No. 116. 
The very laws which at flrst gave the government solid- 
tty. Goldsmith, Polite Learning, i. 
2. In geom., the quantity of space occupied by 
a solid body. Also called its solid or cubic content or 
contents. The solidity of a body is estimated by the num- 
ber of cubic inches, feet, yards, etc., which it contains. 
3f. A solid body or mass. [Rare.] 
Heaven's face doth glow ; 
Yea, this solidity and compound mass, 
With tristful visage, as against the doom, 
Is thought-sick at the act. Shalt., Hamlet, iii. 4. 49. 
soliloquacious 
Solidungulata (sol-i-dung-gu-la'tii). H. jil. 
Same as Solidungiila. 
Solidungulate (s'ol-i-dung'gu-lat), . and . [< 
NL. soliduHgulatus, < L. solidus, solid, + ungu- 
latus, hoofed: see ungulate.] I. . Solid-hoofed 
or whole-hoofed, as the horse ; of or pertaining 
to the Solidungula; equine. Also soli/ml, suli- 
pedal, soliduiif/ular, solidungulous. See cut in 
preceding column, and cuts under Imof ami 
I'frissodaetyla. 
II. . A member of the Nulidungula, as the 
horse or ass; an equine. Also soliped, solijiedf . 
SOlidungulous (sol-i-dung'gu-lus), a. [< NL. 
soKthutguha, < L. sol/tins, solid, + ungula, a 
hoof: see ungulate.'] Same as xnlidungidate. 
Sir T. Browne, Vulg. Err., iii. 2. 
solidus (sol'i-dus), .; pi. solidi (-di). [LL., an 
imperial gold coin, ML. applied to various coins, 
also any piece of money, money (see def. ). lit. 
'solid' (sc. mini HI us, coin) : see solid. Cf. suldn. 
soP, sou.] 1. A gold coin introduced by Con- 
stantine the Great to take the place of the au- 
reus, previously the chief coin of the Roman 
currency. The coin weighed about TOgrains, and 72 soli- 
di were struck to the pound. The solidus continued to be 
. ., , 
Measure of solidity. See measure. 
solidly (sol'id-li), adv. In a solid manner, in any 
sense of the word solid, (a) Firmly: densely; com- 
pactly : as, the parts of a pier 
solidly united, (b) Securely ; 
truly; on firm grounds, (c) 
In a body ; unanimously : as, 
the Democrats voted solidly 
against the bill. [Colloq.J 
SOlidness (sol'id-nes). n. 
1. The state or prop- 
erty of being solid; so- a 
lidity. 
The closeness and solidness 
of the wood. 
Bacon, Nat. Hist., 635. 
2. Soundness; strength; 
truth ; validity, as of ar- 
guments, reasons, prin- 
ciples, etc. 
solidum (sol'i-dum), n. 
[< L. solidum, a solid sub- 
stance, neut. of solidus, 
firm, compact: see sol- 
id.] 1. In arcli., the 
die of a pedestal. See 
cut under dado. 2. 
In Scots law, a complete 
sum._To be bound in sol- 
idum, to be bound for the 
whole debt, though only one 
of several obligants. When 
Obverse. Reverse. 
Solidusof Constantine the Great. British Museum. (Sizeof original, t 
coined under the Byzantine empire, and at a later period 
received in western Europe the name of bezant. (See be- 
zant.) In the middle ages the word svliitu* often in- 
dicates not any special coin, but a money of account, and 
was translated in the Teutonic languages by shilling and 
its cognates. Generally, the solidus or shilling of account 
contained 12 denarii, silver "pennies," the ordinary silver 
coins of the period. Abbreviated ., in the sequence . d 
(librse, solidi, denarii), pounds, shillings, and pence. 
Also I bequeith to the reparacion of the stepull of the said 
churche of Saint Albane XX. solidof. 
Patton Letters, IIL 463. 
2. A sign ( / ) used to denote the English shil- 
ling, representing the old lengthened form of 
s., as in 2/6, for 2s. 6d. This sign is often a conve- 
nient substitute for the horizontal line in fractions, as in 
several debtors are bound 
each for a proportionate share 
only, they are said to be bound 
pro rota. 
Solidungula (sol-i- 
dung'gu-la), w. t ,I. [NL. 
(Blumenbach, about 
1799), neut. pi. of soli- 
dmtgulus: see soliduii- 
gulows.] The solid-hoof- 
ed, soliped, or solidun- 
gulate perissodactyl 
mammals, correspond- 
ingto the family Equidx. 
solidungular (sol-i- 
dung'gu-lar), a. [<NL. 
solidungularis, < L. so- 
lidus, solid, + ungula, 
hoof.] Same as soli- 
dungulate. 
1/2000, a 'ft, (a : <>)', for 
1 a a + b 
Solidungulate (right fore) Foot 
of Horse. 
I, radius, its lower end with 
3, a groove ; 3, scaphoid ; 4, lu- 
nar; 5, cuneiform; 6, pisiform ; 
7, magnum ; 8, unciform (3 to 8 
are in the carpus, and form the 
so-called " knee," which is the 
wnst, of a horse); 9, main (third) 
or middle metacarpal, or can- 
non-bone; 10, outer or fourth 
metacarpal, or splint-hone; i- 
sesamoids or nut-hones in lie 
nents at back of metac 
phalangeal articulation, or , cl 
lock -joint; la.proximalphalanx 
great pastern, or fetter-bone ; 13 
middle phalanx, small pastern 
or coronary; 14, sesamoid in 
tendon of flexor perforans.called 
naincHlar by veterinarians; 15 
hoof, incasing distal phalanx, or 
comn-bone ; r6, coronet. 
2000' b' 
solifidian (sol-i-fid'i-an), a. and n. [Formerly 
also solijidean ; < L. 'solus, alone, only, + fides, 
faith: seefaitli.] I. a. Holding the tenets of 
solifidians; pertaining to the solifidiaus. 
A solijidean Christian is a nullifldean Pagan, and con- 
futes his tongue with his hand. Feltham, Hesolves, ii. 47. 
II. H. One who maintains that faith alone, 
without works, is all that is necessary to justi- 
fication. See fiduciary, II., 2. Rev. T. Adams. 
Works, I. 325. 
solifidianism (sol-i-fid'i-an-izm), w. [< soli- 
fidian + -ism.] The doctrine that justification 
is of faith only, without works. 
It was ordered that ... for a year no preacher should 
preach either for or against purgatory, honouring of saints 
marriage of priests, pilgrimages, miracles, orsolifidianism 
R. W. Diton, Hist Church of Eng., iv. 
SOliform (sol'i-form), a. [< L. sol, the sun, + 
forma, form.] Formed like the sun. [Rare.] 
For light, and sight and the seeing faculty, may both of 
them rightly be said to be soUform things, or of kin to the 
sun, but neither of them to be the sun itself. 
Cudworth, Intellectual System, p. 204. 
Solifugae (so-lif'u-je), n. pi. [NL. (Sundevall), 
fern. pi. of solifugus: see solifugous.] A sub- 
order or superfamily of tracheate Araclinida, 
having the cephalothorax segmented, the che- 
hceres chelate, and the palpi pediform. Thev 
are nocturnal hiding by day. active, pugnacious, and 
predatory, and are reputed to be venomous; they chiefly 
it warm countries. There are 15 genera, of which 
IMames and Cleobis are found in the United States, and 
Unicodes is the most prominent. See Oaleodida, and com- 
pare the alternative Solpugida (with cut). 
SOlliuge (sol'i-fuj), . [< NL. solifugus: see so- 
lifugous.] A nocturnal arachnidan of the group 
Solifugte. 
solifugous (so-lif'u-gus), a. [< NL. solifui/us, 
shunning sunlight (cf. ML. solifuga, an animal 
that shuns the light), < L. sol, sun, + fugere, 
flee, fly. ] Shunning sunlight ; fleeing from the 
light of day; nocturnal, as a member of the 
Soltfttgie. 
solil'oquacipus (so-lil-o-kwa'shus), a. Solilo- 
quizing; disposed to soliloquize. M oore, in Ma- 
son's Personal Traits of British Authors, II. 17. 
