solitude 
There is such an agreeable variety of fields, wood water, 
and cascades that it is one of the most delightful soli- 
tudes I ever ""^^ De8cri ption of the East, II. i. 224. 
= Syn 1 Solitude, Retirement, Seclusion Loneliness Lone- 
wnunuK Solitude is the condition of being absolute y 
alone whether or not one has been with others, or desires 
f mm them : as. the soliliuleu! tlie Sphinx. Retirement 
5762 
gested by a similar usage among the ancient Greeks. (See 
gamut.) The series ut, re, mi, fa sol, to (Derived from the 
initial syllables of the lines of a hymn to St. John, begin- 
nlng ' 01 queant laxis ") was applied to the tones of each of 
the hexachords then recognized. (See hexachord.) W hen 
a melody exceeded the limits of a single hexachord a 
change from one series of syllables to another was made, 
which was called a mutation or modulation. Early in tn< 
rppnr.l, r.Rnturv. when the modern octave scale became 
solsticion 
A smaller Old World species is P. ojficinak, whose root 
aike that of P. muUijlorum) is emetic, cathartic, etc., and 
was formerly much applied to bruises. In America P 
yiyanteinn is the great Solomon's-seal, a species 2 to 7 feet 
high with leaves to 8 inches long, and two to eight flow, 
ere in a cluster ; and P. Ufarvm Is the smaller Solomon 1 ., 
seal growing 1 to 3 feet high, with the peduncles com- 
monly two-flowered. The larger species are , rather sink- 
ing plants; P. multijlnrum has been much cultivated. 
or otherwise, from contain wun.i, ""- "> -^ ":r"";~"i" 
Sedmion is stronger than retirement-, implying the shut- 
ttagout of others from access : after the Restoration Mi - 
on for safety's sake kept himself in retirement; indeed, 
Scent to a few trusted friends, he was in complete seclu- 
rtmTlmMMH expresses the uncomfortable feelings, the 
longing for society, of one who is alone. Lonesomemss 
Mb! a lighter kind of loneliness, especially a feeling 
less spiritual than physical, growing out of the animal 
instinct for society and the desire of protection, the co 
sciousncss of being alone : as, the lonesameness of a walk 
through a cemetery at night. Lonesomeness, more often 
than loneliness, may express the impression made upon the 
solivagant (so-liv'a-gant), fl. [< L. solus, alone, 
+ vuyan( <-),'ppr. of vagari, wander, roam : see 
ragrant.] Same as solivagous. [Rare.] 
solivagous (so-liv'a-gus), a. [< L. solivagus, 
wandering alone, < solus, alone, + vagus, wan- 
dering: see vague.] Wandering alone. Bailey, 
1727. [Rare.] 
SOlive (so-leV), n. [< OF. solive, solieve, F. so- 
live (ML. reflex soliea, suliva, solicia), a girder, 
joist ; origin uncertain ; perhaps ult. < L. sub- 
levare, lift up from beneath, support: see sol- 
levate, sullevate, sublevate.] A joist, rafter, or 
secondary beam of wood, either split or sawed, 
used in laying ceilings or floors, and for resting 
upon the main beams. 
SOllar, seller (sol'ar, -er), n. [Also solar; < 
ME. soller, sollar. soler, solere,< OF. soler, solinr, 
solier, a floor, loft, granary, cellar, F. dial. 
solier, a granary. = Pr. solar, solier = It. so- 
lare, solajo = AS. sokre, solor = OS. soleri = 
MD. solder, D. zolder = MLG. solder, soller = 
OHG. soleri, soldri, the pretorium, a guest- 
chamber, MHG. solre, soleere, G. soller, a balcony, 
an upper room, garret, < L. solarium, a sunny 
place, a terrace, the flat roof of a house ex- 
posed to the sun, a sun-dial, < soothe sun: see 
sol 1 , solarium. Perhaps in some senses con- 
fused with L. solum, ground: see soil 1 .] If. 
Originally, an open gallery or balcony at the 
top of a house, exposed to the sun ; later, any 
upper room, loft, or garret. 
Thou shalt make soleris and placis of thre chaumbris in 
the schip. Wyclif, Gen. vi. 16. 
2. An elevated chamber in a church from which 
to watch the lamps burning before the altars. 
Encyc. Brit., II. 473. 3f. A story of a house. 
See the quotation. 
Maison a trois estages. An house of three sailers, floores, 
stories, or lofts one over another. Nomenclator. (Nares.) 
4. In mining, a platform or resting-place. See 
ladder-sollar and air-sollar. 
seventh or leading tone. Somewhat later do was substi- 
tuted in Italy and Germany for ut, on accountof its greater 
sonority The series thus formed is still in use, though 
other systems have been proposed. Such other systems 
are bocedization (bo. ce, di, ga, lo, ma, m), also called bobi- 
Km(d'a~me,~npo, lu, la, be).' In England an - 
from before the middle of the seventeenth century to the 
beginning of the nineteenth, an abbreviated system was 
used, including only mi, fa, sol, la. The ideal application 
of solmization involves calling 'rttttoriBlMOT^BTWtejJ^M 
shallVways'be named by the same syllables respectively 
and the various intervals by the same combination of syl- 
lables. This system is often called that of the mamUe do 
since the pitch of do is variable. What is called the fixed, 
do system has also had considerable currency in Italy, 
France, and England, according to which the tone C 
always called do, D re, E mi, etc., and this too when the 
pitch of these tones is chromatically altered, the system 
therefore following the arbitrary features of the keyboard 
and the staff-notation. This system is regarded by many 
musicians as contrary to the historic and logical idea of 
solmization, and its use in England and America is de- 
<wWch geei unl jer (onic), the syllables of which are doft, 
In the movable-do system the 
IUMM 'iangles interlaced 
or superposed", presenting a six-rayed figure, 
/\. Compare pentode False Solomon's-seal 
XX (a) See Smilacina. (b) See Maianthemum. 
SO-long (so-long' ), in terj. [Prob. a sailors' per- 
version of salaam.] Good-by. Also so long. 
Solonian (so-16'ni-an), a. [< L. Solon, < Gr. 2<i- 
~tuv Solon, 4--MZM.J Of or pertaining to Solon, 
a famous lawgiver of Athens (about 594 B. c.) : 
as, the Solonian Constitutions; Solonian legis- 
lation. 
Solonic (so-lon'ik), a. [< L. Solon (see Soloni- 
an) + -10.] Same as Solonian: as, the Solan ii- 
talents. 
Solon porcelain. See porcelain 1 . 
Solpuga (sol-pu'gft), n. [NL. (Herbst), < L. sol- 
puga, galpuga, soli/mga, ttolipugna (as if < sol, 
sun, + pugnare, fight), solifuga (as if < sol, sun, 
-f- fugere, flee), a kind of venomous insect, 
an ant or spider.] 1. The name-giving ge- 
nus of Solpugidee, having the tarsi more than 
three-jointed. See Galeodes. Z. [I. c.] A 
member of this genus; a solifuge or weasel - 
t as di for dot, ft for /at, etc. ; and similarly the flat of 
any tone is indicated by a syllable using the vowel e: as, 
me for mik, le for lab, etc - The minor scale is solmizated 
in two ways: either beginning with la, and using the 
same syllables as in the major scale ; or beginning with 
do, and using such modified syllables as may be needed 
(do, re, me, etc.). The great utility of solmization lies in 
its offering an abstract vocal notation of musical facts, 
whereby they may be named, remembered, and studied. 
Also solmisation, solfamization, solfeggio, and sol-faing. 
solo (so'16), a. and n. [X It. solo, alone, < L. 
solus, sole : see sole^.] I. a. In music, alone ; 
not combined with other voices or 
ments of equal importance ; not concerted. A 
solo passage may be accompanied, however, 
by voices or instruments of less importance. 
Solo organ, in organ-building, a partial organ introduced 
into large instruments, containing stops of special power 
or effectiveness, such as are used in producing striking 
solo effects. Its keyboard is usually the upper one when 
there are four, or the lower when there are three. Its 
stops are often connected with a special bellow., which is 
weighted with extra weights ; they are then said to be " on 
a heavy wind." The choir-organ is also sometimes loosely- 
called the solo organ. See organi. Solo pitch, in mutic, 
a special pitch or accordatura (scordatura) adopted by a 
solo performer upon a violin or other solo instrument, so 
as to produce peculiar and startling effects. Solo Stop, 
in organ-building, a stop either of special quality or placed 
on a heavy wind, so as to be fitted for the performance of 
solos. Such stops often occur in each of the usual partial 
organs, but in large instruments the most important of 
Solpugida (sol-pu'ji-da), n. pi. [NL., < Solpuga 
+ -ida.] An order of arachnids. They have tra- 
chea! respiration, the 
cephalothorax and 
abdomen distinct 
(the former segment- 
ed into a large cepha- 
lic and small thoracic 
partX the abdomen 
annulated, the cheli- 
ceres one-jointed and 
chelate, the palpi 
long and slender, ex- 
tending forward, the 
first pair of legs pal- 
piform and porrect, 
the other legs ending 
in pairs of claws, and 
the eyes two in num- 
ber. The whole body 
and the limbs are 
clothed with hairs. 
These arachnids re- 
semble large hairy 
spiders externally, 
but are more nearly 
related to scorpions. 
The head is largely made up of the massive chelate falces. 
The only or the leading family is Galeodidx or Solpitgidx. 
Also Solpugidea, Solpuyides, and in later variant form Soli- 
fugse. Qaleodea is a synonym. 
Solpugidae (sol-pu'ji-de), n. pi. [NL., < Sol- 
puga + -idee.] A family of arachnidans, named 
Datemei girardi. one of the Solfufidm 
(About two thirds natural size.) 
Solleret (a) and Jambe (*), 
uth century. 
sole 1 .] The steel shoe 
forming a part of armor 
in the fourteenth century 
and later, usually having 
splints overlapping one 
another and a long point 
or toe curved downward. 
It was worn only when the foot 
was in the stirrup, and could 
be removed when the rider dis- 
mounted. See also cuts under 
armor and poulaine.. Bear- 
paw solleret, the steel foot- 
covering worn during the sec- 
ond half of the fifteenth cen- 
tury, resembling remotely the broad foot of the bear. 
Compare sabbaton. 
sollevatet, v. t. See sublevate. 
sollicitt, sollicitationt, etc. See solicit, etc. 
Sol-lunar (sol'lu'nar), a. [< L. sol, the sun, + 
luna, the moon: see lunar.] Proceeding from 
or due to the influence of both the sun and the 
moon: in old medicine applied to the influence 
supposed to be produced on various diseases 
when the sun and moon are in conjunction, 
solmizate (sol'mi-zat), v. i. ; pret. and pp. sol- 
mizated, ppr. solmizating. [< F. solmiser (as sol 
+ mi, notes of the gamut (cf . sol-fa), + -iser = 
E. -ize), ~T- -ate^.] In music, to use solmization 
II. n. ; It. pi. soli (-li), E. pi. solos (-loz). 
1. A melody, movement, or work intended 
for or performed by a single performer, vocal 
or instrumental, with or without accompani- 
ment. Opposed to concerted piece, whether 
chorus, duet, trio, or for a number of instru- 
ments. 2. A game of cards, played usually by 
four persons, with a euchre pack. That player 
who bids highest that is, offers to take the greatest 
number of tricks alone, or, in a variety of the game, aided 
by a partner plays against the rest. If he takes five or 
more tricks, he receives a payment from them ; if not, he 
makes a payment to them. 
solograph (sol'o-graf ), n. [< L. sol, the sun, + 
Gr. -ypdijieiv, write.] A picture on paper taken 
by the talbotype or calotype 
process. Simmonds. 
soloist (so'lo-ist), n. [< solo + 
-ist.] In music, a performer 
of solos, vocal or instrumen- 
tal. Also solist. 
Solomonic (sol-o-mon'ik), o. 
[< Solomon (see def .) + -ic.] 
Of or pertaining to Solomon, 
son of David and his succes- 
sor as king of Israel: as, 
Solomonic wisdom. 
Solomon's hyssop, Porch, 
servants. 
rxTT f a 
Solpugidea (sol-pu-jid e-a), n. pi. NL., < Sol- 
P(/ n + -i^-ea.] Same as Solptigtda. Also 
called Galeoaea. 
solsteadt (sol sted), n. [< L. sol. sun, 4 
st ad. Cf. sunstead and solstice.] Same as 
solstice. [Rare.] 
If it be gathered about the summer tolstrad. 
Holland, tr. of Pliny, xxvl. 6. 
tain syllables to name or represent the tones of 
the scale, or of a particular^eries, as the scale 
t O. The oldest and most important system of solmiza- 
' 
i. The upper part of 
tbeflowenniT stein ofSol- 
mvitiflorum, a plant with erect or 
solstice (sol'stis), n. [Formerly also sokticy; 
< ME. solstice, < OF. (and F.) solstice = Sp. Pg. 
solsticio = It. solstizio, < L. solstitium, the sol- 
stice, a point in the ecliptic at which the sun 
seems to stand still, < sol, the sun, + -stitium, 
< status, pp. of sistere, make to stand still, a re- 
duplicated form of stare E. stand: see sol 1 , 
stand, and . sist. Cf. armistice.] 1. In astron.: 
(a) The time at which the sun is at its greatest 
distance from the equator, and when its diur- 
nal motion in declination ceases, which hap- 
pens about June 21st, when it enters Cancer 
(the summer solstice), and about December22d, 
when it enters Capricorn (the winter solstice). 
(6) A solstitial point. Hence 2. Figura- 
tively, culmination or turning-point; furthest 
limit. 
He died before his time, perhaps, not yet come to the 
solstice of his age. Burton, Anat. of Mel., p. 373. 
3f. A stopping or standing still of the sun. 
The supernatural solstice of the sun in the days of 
Joshua. Sir T. Browne. 
"",'. SOlsticiont, n. [ME. solsticioun, also solstacion, 
UUUVIVBUII JBUVUI Ul BirilUl&a- MKltlt/U7/ tllll. dk pliUll Wllll ClCUlf *J1 ir-,1 1 * L J *"\^ 41 7 J.- S T T j'j- il 1 -i* 
tion is that attributed to Guide d'Arezzo, early in the elev- curving stems 2 feet high and flow- T he '""!' tff'h ' F ' wlsticion, < L. solsti ti urn, the solstice : see 
enthcentury-.thoughthisinturnappearstohavebeensug- era from one to eight in a cluster. a flower "fruit. solstice.] A solstitial point. 
