somonaunce 
somonauncet, A Middle English form of 
HIimiHOnillll'l'. 
somoncet, SOmonst, . Middle English forms 
of iiuminoiix. 
somonet, SOmpnet, i'. t. Middle English forms 
Of Sltllllllllll. 
SOmpnourt, . A Middle English form of sunnier. 
Somzee's harmonica. See harmoraea. 
son 1 (sun), n. [Early mod. E. also sonne ; < ME. 
sone, suite, so/in, sun, < AS. sunu = OS. sunu = 
OFries. sunn, suite, son = MD. sone, D. zoon = 
MLG. sone, LG. sone, son = OHG. sunu, sun, 
MHG. sun, G. sokn = Icel. sunr, sour = Sw. son 
= Dan. son = Goth. SMWMS = OBulg. si/nit = 
Buss, suinu, synu = Pol. Bohem. syn = Lith. 
.VM = Skt. sunu = Zend 7tM, son (also in Skt. 
rarely as fern., daughter); lit. 'one begotten,' 
with formative -MM (cf. Skt. suta, son, suta, 
daughter, with pp. formative -ta, and Gr. vi6f, 
dial, vi'uf, oviof, son, with formative -yu (?), also 
poet. Iwf, son, daughter), < -\/ *"> beget, Skt. 
/ su, su, beget, bear, bring forth. To the same 
root are referred sow 2 , swine, etc.] 1. A male 
child ; the male issue of a parent, father or 
mother. 
get I a-vow verayly the avaunt that I made, 
I schal seply ajayn & jelde that I hyjt, 
& sothely seude to Sar<5 a soun & an hayre. 
Alliterative Poems (ed. Morris), ii. 666. 
The Town is called Jaff ; for on of the Sones of Noe, 
that highte Japhet, founded it ; and now it is clept Joppe. 
Jfandemlle, Travels, p. 30. 
A black bull, the son of a black cow. Darwin. 
2. A male descendant, however distant; hence, 
in the plural, descendants in general. 
Adam's sons are my brethren. 
Shak., Much Ado, ii. 1. 66. 
3. One adopted into a family ; any young male 
dependent; any person in whom the relation 
of a son to a parent is perceived or imagined. 
Often used as a term of address by an old man to a young 
one, by a confessor to a penitent, etc. 
The child grew, and she brought him unto Pharaoh's 
daughter, and he became her son. Ex. ii. 10. 
Be plain, good son, and homely in thy drift. 
Shalt., E. and J., ii. 3. 66. 
4. A person or thing born or produced, in rela- 
tion to the producing soil, country, or the like. 
To this her glorious son Great Britain is indebted for 
the happy conduct of her arms. Steele, Tatler, No. 5. 
Perhaps e'en Britain's utmost shore 
Shall cease to blush with strangers' gore, 
See arts her savage sons control. 
Pope, Choruses to Brutus, i. 
Her [the earth's) tall sons, the cedar, oak, and pine. 
Sir Jt. Black-more, Creation, vi. 
5. A person whose character partakes so much 
of some quality or characteristic as to suggest 
the relationship of sou and parent: as, sons of 
light; sons of pride; the son of perdition. 
They are villains, and the sons of darkness. 
Skat., 1 Hen. IV., ii. 4. 191. 
When night 
Darkens the streets, then wander forth the sons 
Of Belial. Hilton, P. L., i. 601. 
Every mother's son. See motheri. Favorite son, a 
statesman or politician assumed to be the especial choice 
of the people of his State for some high office, especially 
that of President. [Political slang, U. S.] 
A Favourite Son is a politician respected or admired in 
his own State, but little regarded beyond it. 
Bryce, Amer. Commonwealth, II. 153. 
Son Of a gun. Seeyunl. Son of bastt. See bast?, n. 
Son Of God. (a) Christ. Mat. xxvi. 63. (6) One of Christ's 
followers; one of the regenerate. 
As many as are led by the Spirit of God, they are the soju 
o/Ood. Bom. viiL 14. 
Son Of man. (a) In the Old Testament, one of the de- 
scendants of Adam : especially used as a form of address 
in the Book of Ezekiel (in Dan. vii. 13 of the Messiah) (6) 
In the New Testament, Christ as the promised Messiah. 
Sons Of Liberty, in Amer. hist. : (a) In the years pre- 
ceding the revolution, one of associations formed to for- 
ward the American cause. (f>) One of the secret associa- 
tions, similar to the Knights of the Golden Circle, formed 
in the North during the civil war, for the purpose of giv- 
ing aid to the Confederacy. Sons of Sires, or Sons of 
Seventy-Six, a name said to have been applied to or 
assumed by members of the American or Know-nothing 
party [Political slang, U. S.]-Sons Of the prophets. 
See school of the prophets, under prophet. Sons of the 
South, the name assumed by members of certain organi- 
zations formed in .Missouri, about 1864, for the purpose of 
taking possession of Kansas in the interest of slavery 
The Son, the second person of the Trinity ; Christ Jesus. 
Mat. xi. 27. 
The Father sent the Son to be the Saviour of the world. 
1 John iv. 14. 
S0n 2 t, n. An original spelling of sound 5 . 
-son. A form of the termination -tion, in some 
words derived through Old French, as in oeni- 
son, malison, venison, reason, season, treason, etc. 
See -tion. 
5768 
sonabile (so-uab'e-le), a. [It., < sonare, sound : 
see sonata.'] In music, resonant; sounding. 
sonance (so'nans), . [= Olt. s<iti<in-ti. a sound- 
ing, ringing; as nonan(t) + -ce.] If. Asouml: 
a tune ; a call. 
Let the trumpets sound 
The tucket sonance and the note to mount. 
Shak., Hen. V., iv. 2. 36. 
2. Sonancy. 
sonancy (so'nan-si), n. [As sonance (see -<//).] 
The property or quality of having sound, or of 
being sonant ; sonant character; sound. 
A concise description of voice, then, is this : it is the 
audible result of a column of air emitted by the lungs, 
impressed with sotiancy and variety of pitch by the larynx, 
and individualized by the mouth-organs. 
Whitney, Life and Growth of Lang., iv. 
sonant (so'nant), a. and . [= F. sonnant = Sp. 
Pg. It. sonaiite, < L. sonan(t-)s, ppr. of sonare, 
sound, make a noise, < sonus, a sound : see 
sound 5 . Cf. assonant, consonant, dissonant. 
resonant.'] I. a. 1. Pertaining to or having 
sound; sounding. 2. In pron., noting cer- 
tain alphabetic sounds, as the vowels, semi- 
vowels, nasals, and voiced mutes and frica- 
tives, the utterance of which includes the ele- 
ment of tone, or a vibration of the vocal chords, 
as a, I, n, b, z, v (the last three as opposed to 
p, s, f, which are similar utterances without 
tone) ; voiced, vocal, intonated (soft and flat are 
also sometimes used in the same sense). 3. 
In entom., same as sonorific, 2. 
II. M. In pron., a sonant letter. 
sonata (so-na'ta), n. [= F. sonate (> D. G. Dan. 
sonate = Sw. so'iiat) = Sp. Pg. sonata,< It. sonata, 
a sonata, < sonata, fern. pp. of sonare, sound, 
<ii. sonare, sound: see sound 5 . Cf. sonnet.'] 1. 
In music, in the seventeenth and eighteenth 
centuries, any composition for instruments: 
opposed to cantata. These old sonatas were usually 
in more than one movement. The character of their themes 
and their structure varied widely, those called church so- 
natas tending to grave themes and a contrapuntal treat- 
ment, and the chamber sonatas resembling the canzona 
and the suite. 
2. In recent music, an instrumental work, es- 
pecially for the pianoforte, made up of three 
or four movements in contrasted rhythms but 
related keys, one or more of which are written 
in sonata form. The movements usually include an 
allegro with or without an introduction, a slow movement 
(usually adagio, largo, or andante), a minuet or scherzo 
with or without a trio appended, and a final allegro or 
presto, which is often a rondo. A certain unity of senti- 
ment or style is properly traceable between the successive 
movements. The sonata is the most important form of 
homophonic composition for a single instrument. A so- 
nata for a string quartet is called a quartet, and one for a 
full orchestra is called a symphony. Double sonata, a 
sonata for two solo instruments. Sonata form, in music, 
a form or method of composition in which two themes or 
subjects are developed according to a plan more or less 
like the following : (a) exposition, containing the first sub- 
ject, followed by the second, properly in the key of the 
dominant or in the relative major (if the first be minor) ; 
(6) development or working out, consisting of a somewhat 
free treatment of the two subjects or parts of them, either 
singly or in conjunction ; (c) restatement, containing the 
two subjects in succession, both in the original key, with 
a conclusion. The succession of sections and the relations 
of keys are open to considerable variation, and episodes 
often occur. The sonata form is distinctive of at least 
one movement of a sonataor symphony, and usually of the 
first and last ; it also appears in many overtures. 
sonatina (so-na-te'nii), n. [It., dim. of sonata : 
see sonata.'] In music, a short or simplified 
sonata Sonatina form, in music, a form or method of 
composition resembling the sonata form, but on a smaller 
scale, and usually lacking the development section. 
sonation (so-na'shon), n. [= It. sonazione; < 
ML. sonatio(n-), a sounding, < L. sonare, sound: 
see sound 5 , v., sonate.] The giving forth of a 
sound ; sounding. [Rare.] 
But when what has the faculty of hearing, on the one 
hand, operates, and what has the faculty of sounding, on 
the other hand, sounds, then the actual hearing and the 
actual sounding take place conjointly ; and of these the 
one may be called audition, the other sonation. 
Sir W. Hamilton, tr. from Aristotle, Reid's Works, Note D. 
Sonchus (song'kus), n. [NL. (Tournefort, 
1700), < L. sonchiis, < Gr. a6-yx<>f, the sow-thistle.] 
A genus of composite plants, of the tribe Cieho- 
riaceee and subtribe Lac.tucese. It is characterized 
by flower-heads commonly dilated at the base in fruit, with 
numerous compressed beakless achenes having from ten to 
twenty ribs and bearing a soft snowy-white pappus which 
is deciduous in a ring. There are about SO species, wide- 
ly diffused throughout the Old World and in Australasia 
four species are naturalized as weeds in the United States, 
two of which are now almost cosmopolitan. They are an- 
nual or perennial herbs, having spreading radical leaves 
and upright stems clad with coarse clasping leaves which 
are often toothed with soft or rigid spines. The yellow 
heads are irregularly clustered at the summits of the few 
branches. The species are fond of barn-yards and moist 
rich soil, whence the name sow-thistle. S. tenerrimus is 
eaten as a salad in Italy, and S. oleraceus was once so used 
In various parts of Europe. (See hare's-lettuce.) The genus 
is reputed a galactagogue. One or two species with hand- 
song 
some leaves and (lowers, from Madeira mid the Canaries, 
are sometimes cultivated under glass. See sow-thistle. 
soncie, soncy, . *<> <.--.v. 
sondt, " A Middle English form ol mind', mind'-. 
Sondayt, An obsolete form of Niiiiiliii/. 
sondet, Same as Kami". 
SOndelt, An obsolete variant of xriidal. 
sondeli (son'de-li), . [E. Ind.] The monjou- 
rou, imixkrat, musk-shrew, or rat-tailed shrew 
Sondeli (Crofid, 
of India, Sorex nmrinus (Linnaeus, 1766), S. 
myosurus. (Pallas, 1785), or Crocidura myosura, 
an insectivorous mammal, exhaling a strong 
musky odor. The name specially denotes a variety 
which is semi-domesticated, and sometimes called gray 
musk-shrew (C. ccerulea), aa distinguished from the wild 
brown musk-shrew. 
SOnder-cloud (son'der-kloud), n. A cirro-cumu- 
lus cloud. Forster, Atmospheric Phenomena 
(3d ed., 1823), p. 145. [Bare.] 
SOndryt, . A Middle English form of sundry. 
Sonet, adv. An old spelling of soon. 
soneri (son'er-i), n. [Hind, snnahri, sunahrv, 
of gold, < sona, gold.] Cloth of gold : an In- 
dian term adopted as the name of native stuffs 
interwoven with gold. 
song 1 (song), ?i. [Sc. also sang; < ME. song, 
sang, < AS. sang, song, singing, song, a song, 
poem, poetry, = OS. sang = OFries. song, sang 
= MD. sang, T). zany = MLG. sank, LG. sang = 
OHG. sana, MHG. sane, G. gesang = Icel. simgr 
= Sw. s&ny = Dan. sang = Goth, saggws, song; 
also collectively, OHG. "gasang, kisanch, MHG. 
gesanc, G. gesang, song; from the verb, AS. 
singan (pret. sang), etc., sing: see sing."] 1. 
Singing ; vocal music in general ; utterance in 
tones of musical quality and succession, with 
or without words : opposed to speech and to in- 
strumental music. 
For the tired slave Song lifts the languid oar. 
Wordsworth, Power of Sound, iv. 
2. The musical cry of some birds (see singing 
bird, under xing) and, by extension, of some 
other animals. 
Trees, braunches, birds, and songs were framed fltt 
For to allure fraile mind to carelesse ease. 
Spenser, F. Q., II. vi. 13. 
3. A short poem intended for singing, or set to 
music; a ballad or lyric. A song is properly distin- 
guished by brevity, free use of rhythmic accent and rime, 
more or less division into stanzas or strophes, often with 
a refrain or burden, comparative directness and simplicity 
of sentiment, and a decidedly lyrical manner throughout. 
Out on you, owls ! nothing but songs of death ? 
Shak., Rich. III., iv. 4. 609. 
The bard who first adorn'd our native tongue 
Tun'd to his British lyre this ancient song. 
Dryden, To the Duchess of Oruiond with Pal. and Arc. 
Perhaps it may turn out a sang, 
Perhaps turn out a sermon. 
Burns, Epistle to a Young Friend. 
4. A particular melody or musical setting for 
such a poem, for either one or several voices 
(in the latter case usually called a part-song 
or i/lce). Songs are generally written in song form, 
but are often irregular also. They usually contain but 
a single movement, and have an accompaniment of a 
varying amount of elaboration. They are classified as 
folk-songs, which spring up more or less unconsciously 
among the common people, or art-songs, which are delib- 
erately composed by musicians (see lied); as strophic, when 
made up of a movement repeated for the several strophes, 
or composed through, when the music varies with the suc- 
cessive strophes ; or they are named by reference to their 
general subject or style, as rustic, patriotic, national, mar- 
tial, naval, nuptial, hunting, bacchanalian, etc. 
5. Poetry; poetical composition; verse. 
This subject lor heroic song 
Pleased me. Milton, P. L, ta. 25. 
6. A mere trifle: something of little or no value: 
as, I bought it for a song. [Colloq.] Comic, 
Gregorian, melismatic, nuptial, old song. See the 
adjectives. Master of song, master of the song*. 
See master*. Song form, in music, a form or method 
of composition consisting in general of three sections, the 
