soup 
2. A kind of picnic in which a great pot of soup 
is the principal feature. Compare the like use 
parts 
'' from 
SOUp'<t, c. An obsolete form of ,,,, ,,.., 
SOUpQon (sop-son'), . [F., a suspicion- see 
"^own-J A suspicion; hence, a very small 
-ity; a taste: as, water with a .,} ,,f 
--. ., A Middle English form of HIIIIIH / 
spuper- (so'per), //. [< soup? + -eri.] In Ire' 
land, a name applied in derision to a Protes- 
mt missionary or a convert from Roman Ca- 
tholicism, from the fact that the missionaries 
are said to assist their work by distributing soup 
to their converts. Imp. Diet. 
spup-kitchen (sOp'ktoh'ea), . A public es- 
)lishmeut, supported by voluntary contribu- 
to the poor, 
S .w?k 1 ' "' A dialectal ( Sc tch) contraction of 
souple 2 , a. An obsolete or dialectal form of 
supple. 
spuple-* (so'pl), a. Noting raw silk which has 
been deprived, to a certain extent, of its ex- 
ternal covering, the silk-glue. This is done by 
treating the silk with tartar and some sulphuric 
acid heated nearly to boiling. 
soup-maigre (sop'ma'ger), . A thin soup 
made chiefly from vegetables or fish, originally 
intended to be eaten on fast-days, when flesh 
meat is not allowed. 
Spup-meat (sop'met), . Meat specially used 
for soup. 
soup-plate (sop'plat), H. A rather large deep 
plate used for serving soup. 
soup-ticket (sop'tik'et), . A ticket authoriz- 
ing the holder to receive soup at a soup-kitchen 
spupy (so'pi), a. [< soup* + -yl.] tike soup; 
having the consistence, appearance, or color of 
soup. [Colloq.] 
h" ? e "!i ad " very thick fo '" said Tom - "directly after 
the thunder-storm a soupy fog." 
Jean Ingelow, Off the Skelligs, xiv. 
SOUr (sour), a, and . [< ME. sour, soure, 
sowre, sur, < AS. sur = MD. suur, D. zmir = 
MLG. sur = OHG. MHG. sur, G. sauer = Icel. 
surr = Sw. Dan. sur (cf. F. sur, sour, < LG. 
or HG.: see sorrefl), sour; cf. W. sur, sour; 
Lith. surus, salt. Root unknown.] I. a. 1. 
Having an acid taste ; sharp to the taste ; tart; 
acid; specifically, acid in consequence of fer- 
mentation ; fermented, and thus spoiled : as, 
.sour bread; sour milk. 
The mellow plum doth fall, the green sticks fast. 
Or, being early pluck'd, is sour to taste. 
Shak., Venus and Adonis, 1. 528. 
2. Harsh of temper; crabbed; peevish; aus- 
tere ; morose : as, a man of a sour temper. 
One is so sour, so crabbed, and so unpleasant that he 
can away with no mirth or sport. 
Sir T. More, Utopia, Ded. to Peter Giles, p. 12. 
Lofty, and sour to them that lov'd him not 
But to those men that sought him sweet as summer 
Shak., Hen. VIII., iv. 2.63. 
5788 
An other parable Jhcsus spac t<i hem, The kyngdam of 
lie to soure dowj, the whiche taken, a womniim 
hidde in three mesuns ,,f me c!e, til it were al sownl,,,, i,i 
WydiJ, Mat. xlli. XI. 
'/'. -Sour lime. SnUa 
f Seville .ir bitter orange. See. or,,,,./, I 
amin, stomach, etc. See the n 
"o~ TJT. Oieeitia, l.=Syn. 1. A. 
-2 and 4. Cross, testy, waspish, snarling, cynical. 
ii. a. 1. Something tonr or aoid: something 
bitter or disagreeable. 
Loth . his men amoncstes mete for to ily-jt 
far wyth no sour ne no salt serucs hym ncuer. ' 
Alliterative Poems (eo*. Morris), ii. Ha 
The sweets we wish for turn to loathed sours 
St. Dirt; filth. 
Soory or defowlyd yu sour or fylthe, Cenosus. 
Prompt. Pan., p. 465. 
3. An acid punch. [Colloq.] 4. In blend,,,,,, 
and dyeing: (a) A bath of buttermilk or sour 
OIK. or of soured bran or rye-flour, used by 
primitive bleachers. (6) A weak solution of sul- 
phuric or hydrochloric acid, used for various pur- 
poses. Compare OMn<7,5._oray sour Seesrov 
sour (sour), v. [< ME. souren, son-rat, < AS 
surian, surigan, become sour, = OHG. suren, 
itr. suren, G. sauern, become sour, OHG. 
auren, MHG. siuren, G. sauern, make sour, = 
Sw. syra, make sour; cf. Icel. surna = Dan. 
surne, become sour; from the adj.: see sour, a.] 
1. mtrans. 1. To become sour; become acid; 
acquire the quality of tartness or pungency to 
the taste, as by fermentation : as, cider sours 
rapidly in the rays of the sun. 
His taste delicious, in digestion touring. 
Shale., Lucrece, 1. 699. 
2. To become peevish, crabbed, or harsh in 
temper. 
Where the soul sours, and gradual rancour grows, 
Embitter d more from peevish day to day. 
Thomson, Castle of Indolence, i. 17. 
3. To become harsh, wet, cold, or unkindly to 
crops: said of soil. 
It. trans. 1. To make sour; make acid; cause 
to have a sharp taste, especially by fermenta- 
tion. 
Ase the lenayne zoureth thet doj. 
Ayenbite of Inwyt (E. E. T. S.), p. 205. 
sons 
I'ri.le, ill nature, and want of sense are the threo great 
I m:uiner. .i.innei-. 
Source of a covariant, the leading tenn ,,f a .,, variant 
from hie.h all (he olheis are ilr 
spurce (sors). r. [Kiirly moil. !). i, 1 
< xaiin-i'. n. Hence souxe-.] I. /ntrniia. 1. To 
as ;i hiiwk; swoop; in i>i<wrn\, to swoop 
down; plunge; sink; son-.. t. [Rare.] 
Apollo to his flaming carre a<h 
Taking his ilayly, n. ,,ure, 
His llel-y li, ;i,| in 'I'hetis Watry PI 
Ibna hundred *ixtj .>. in, ii,,,,. H doth source 
i, p. US. 
2. To spring; take rise. [Rare.] 
They . . . never leave roaring It out with their brazen 
home, as long as they stay, of the freedomcs and Immunl. 
ties soursing from him. 
Xathe, Lenten Stuife (Harl. Misc., VI. 163). (Daniel.) 
II. trans. To plunge down ; souse. [Bare.] 
This little barke of ours being sourst In cumbersome 
waves, which never tried the fomlng maine before 
Optic* Olaue / U umors (1639), p. 161. (.BaUiweU.) 
sour-crout, n. See sauer-kraut. 
sourdt, v. i. [< OP. sordre. murilri; F. sourdre, 
< L. surgere, nse : see source. ] To rise ; spring 
issue ; take its source. 
The especes that saurden of pride, soothly, whan they 
tourden of malice, ymagined, avlsed, and forncast, orelles 
of usage, been deedly synnes. Chaucer, Parson's Tale. 
SOUrdeline (sor'de-len), . [F. (f), dim. of 
sourdine.'] A small variety of bagpipe, or mu- 
The tartness of his face sours ripe grapes. 
Shak., Cor., v. 4. 18. 
2. To make harsh, crabbed, morose, or bitter 
in temper; make cross or discontented; em- 
bitter; prejudice. 
Tl! iS t? rot . raction '" able to *""" the best-settled patience 
ill tnc tneatrc. 
B. Jonson, Every Man out of his Humour, Ind. 
My mind being soured with his other conduct I con- 
tinued to refuse. Franklin, Autobiog., p. 57. 
3. To make harsh, wet, cold, or unkindly to 
crops : said of soil. 
Tufts of grass sour land. Mortimer, Husbandry. 
4. In bleaching, etc., to treat with a dilute acid. 
5. To macerate and render fit for plaster or 
mortar, as lime TO sour one's cheekst, to assume 
a morose or sour expression. 
sette. 
sourdet (sor'det), . Same as sordet. 
sourdine (sor-den'), . [< F. sourdine, < It 
sordino, < sordo (= F. sourd), deaf, muffled, 
mute, < L. surdus, deaf: see *rd.] 1. Same 
as mute 1 , 3. 2. In the harmonium, a mechan- 
ical stop whereby the supply of wind to the 
lower vibrators is partially cut off, and the play- 
ing of full chords softly is facilitated. 
sour-eyed (sour'id), a. Having a morose or 
sullen look. 
Sour-eyed disdain and discord. 
Shak., Tempest, Iv. 1. 20. 
sour-gourd (sour'gord), . Same as cream-of- 
tartar tree (which see, under creaml). 
SOUT-grass (sour'gras), . See Paspalum. 
sour-gum (sour'gum), n. The tupelo or pep- 
pendge, Nysga sylvatica (N. multiflora), less 
frequently called Wack-gum. 
souring (sour'ing), w. [Verbal n. of sour,v.~] 1. 
A becoming or making sour: as, the souring of 
bread. 2. That which makes sour or acid; 
especially, vinegar. [Prov. Eng.] 
A double squeeze of souring in his aspect 
Smollett, Humphrey Clinker. 
And now Adonis, with a lazy spright, . . . 
Souring his cheeks, cries, " Fie, no more of love ! " 
Shak., Venus and Adonis, I. 185. 
, . .. 
3f. Afflictive ; hard to bear ; bitter ; disagree- 
able to the feelings; distasteful in any man- 
ner. 
Al though it [poverty] be soure to suflre, there cometh 
swete after. Piers Plowman (B), xi. 250. 
I know this kind of writing is madness to the world 
foolishness to reason, and sour to the flesh 
J. Bradford, Letters (Parker Soc., 1853), II. 235. 
4. Expressing discontent, displeasure, or pee- 
vishness : as, a sour word. 
With matrimouie cometh ... the eoure browbendyng 
of your wifes kinsfolkes. 
Udall, tr. of Apophthegms of Erasmus, p. 18. 
I never heard him make a sour expression, but frankly 
confess that he left the world because he was not fit for 
Sttele, Spectator, No. 2. 
5. Cold; wet; harsh; unkindly to crops : said 
of soil. 
The term sour is, in Scotland, usually applied to a cold 
and wet soil, and conveys the idea of viscidity, which, in 
some cases, is a concomitant of fermentation. 
Ure, Hist, of Rutherglen, p. 180. (Jamiesm.) 
6. Coarse: said of grass. Halliwell. [Prov. 
Eng.] Sour bath. See bathi. Sour dock, the com- 
mon sorrel, Rumex Acetoea; sometimes, B. Aeetosella. 
[Prov. Eng.j 
Sowre dolcke (herbe . . . ), idem quod sorel. 
Prompt. Pan., p. 466. 
Sour dough, leaven ; a fermented mass of dough left 
from a previous mixing, and used as a ferment to raise a 
fresh batch of dough. [Obsolete or prov. Eng.] 
., , . . 
SOUr (sour), adv. [< ME. O!re; <sour,n.~\ Sour 
ly; bitterly. 
Thou shalt with this launcegay 
Abyen it ful soure. Chaucer, Sir Thopas, 1. 111. 
source (sors), n. [Early mod. E. also sourse; 
< ME. sours, < OF. sorse, surse, sorce, surce, 
later source (ML. sursa), rise, beginning, spring, 
source, < sors, sours, fern, sorse, sourse, pp. of 
sordre, sourdre, F. sourdre = Pr. sorner, sorzir 
= Sp. surgir = Pg. sordir, surdir = ft. sorgere, 
< L. surgere, rise : see surge. Cf. sourd.~] If. 
A rising ; a rise ; a soaring. 
Therfore, right as an hauk up at a emirs 
t'pspringeth Into the eir, right so prayeres 
Of charitable and chaste bisy freres 
Maken hir sours to Ooddes eres two. 
Chaucer, Summoner's Tale, 1. 230. 
2. A spring; a f ountainhead ; a wellhead; any 
collection of water on or under the surface of 
the ground in which a stream originates. 
The flouds do gaspe, for dryed is theyr sourse. 
Spenser, Shep. Cal., November. 
There are some sources of very fine water, which seem 
to be those of the antient river Lapithos. 
Pococke, Description of the East, II. i. 223. 
Like torrents from a mountain source. 
Tennyson, The Letters. 
.3. A first cause; an origin; one who or that 
which originates or gives rise to anything. 
Miso, to whom cheerfulness in Ithere was ever a source 
of envy in herself, took quickly mirk of his behaviour. 
Sir P. Sidney, Arcadia, ill. 
3. The wild apple, or crab-apple ; also, any sour 
apple. [Prov. Eng.] 4. Dough left in the tub 
after oat-cakes are baked. Halliwell. [Prov. 
png.] 5. In bleaching, the process of expos- 
ing fibers or textures to the action of dilute 
acid ; specifically, the exposing of goods which 
have been treated in a solution of chlorid of 
lime to a dilute solution of sulphuric acid, which, 
by setting free the chlorin, whitens the cloth, 
and neutralizes the alkalis with which the cloth 
has been impregnated. 6. A process of dress- 
ing sealskin. The skin is scraped clean, closely rolled 
and laid away until the hair starts. The hah- Is then 
scoured off, and the bare hide is stretched to season, 
souring-vessel (sour'ing-ves' 1 '!), . A vat of 
oak wood in which vinegar is soured, 
sour-krout, . See saner-kraut. 
sourly (sour'H), adv. In a sour manner, in 
any sense of the word sour. 
sourness (sour'nes), n. [< ME. sowreties, sowre- 
nessc, < AS. surneg, < sur, sour: see sour, a.] 
The state or quality of being sour, in any sense. 
= Syn. Asperity, Tartness, etc. (see acrimony)" morose- 
ness, peevishness, petulance, ill nature, 
sourock (so'rok), w. [Sc., also sourack, soorock, 
soorack, sourrock, etc., sorrel; cf. G. sauracli, 
the barberry.] The common sorrel, Rumex 
Acetosa; also, the sheep-sorrel, R. Aeetosella. 
Heh, gudemaii ! but ye hae been eating sourrocks instead 
o 1 lang kail. Gait, The Entail, L 295. (Jamieton.) 
SOUTSet, . and v. An old spelling of source. 
sour-sized (sour'sizd), a. See sized 2 . 
SOUr-SOp (sour'sop), . 1. See Anona. 2. A 
cross or crabbed person. [Prov. Eng.] 
sour-tree (sour'tre), . Same as sourwood. 
sourwood (sour'wud), n. See Oxydendrum. 
SOUS (so; formerly sous), M. [Formerly also 
souse, soicse; now sous as if F. ; < F. sou, pi. 
sous, a coin so called, = It. soldo, < ML. soli- 
dus, a shilling, sou : see soldo, solidus.] A sou. 
They [wooden shoes) are usually sold for two Somet, 
which is two pence farthing. Coryat, Crudities, 1. 64. 
