southwardly 
southwardly (scmth'ward-li or suTH'iird-li), . 
[< soHtliicant + -ly 1 .] "Having a southern di- 
rection or situation. 
southwardly (south' ward -li or suTH'ard-li), 
adv. [< southward + -V;/ 2 .] In a southward 
direction ; in the general direction of the south. 
Whether they mean to go southwardly or up the river, 
no leading circumstance has yet decided. 
Jeferson, To the President of Congress (Correspondence, 
[I. 217). 
Southwards (south'wardz or suTH'ardz), ntlr. 
[< ME. "south warden, <! AS. sitthweardes (= D. 
giiidwaarts = G. sudwiirts = Sw. sydnarts, syd- 
varts) ; with adv. gen. suffix, < suthweard, south- 
ward : see southward, adv.'] Same as southward. 
southwest (south'wesf), n. and a. [< ME. 
sowthewest, < AS. suthwest, to the southwest, 
suthanwestan, from the southwest (= D. zuid- 
west = G. sudwest = Sw. Dan. sydvest) ; used as 
a noun only as south, north, east, west were 
so used; < suth, south, + west, west: see south 
and west.] I. n. 11 That point on the horizon 
between south and west which is equally dis- 
tant from them. 2. A wind blowing from the 
southwest. [Poetical.] 
The southwest that, blowing Bala lake, 
Fills all the sacred Dee. Tennyson, Geraint. 
3. [cap."] With the definite article, the south- 
western regions of the United States : in this 
phrase are often included the States of Louisi- 
ana, Arkansas, Missouri, and Texas, the Terri- 
tories of Arizona, New Mexico, and Oklahoma, 
and the Indian Territory. [U. S.] 
II. a. 1. Pertaining to the point midway be- 
tween south and west, or lying in that direction. 
He could distinguish and divide 
A hair 'twixt south and south-west side. 
S. Butler, Hudibras, I. I. 68. 
2. Proceeding from the southwest : as, a south- 
west wind Southwest cap. Same as southwester, 2. 
Abbreviated 5. W. 
southwest (south'wesf), adv. [< southwest, n.] 
To or from the southwest : as, the ship proceed- 
ed southwest; the wind blew southwest. 
SOUthwester (south'wes'ter), n. [< southwest 
+ -erl.] 1. A southwest wind, gale, or storm. 
2. A hat of water-proof material, of which 
the brim is made very broad behind, so as to 
protect the neck from rain: usually sou'wester. 
We were glad to get a watch below, and put on our 
thick clothing, boots, and touthwesters. 
R. H. Dana, Jr., Before the Mast, p. 26. 
southwesterly (south'wes'ter-li), a. [< south- 
west, after westerly.] 1. Situated or directed 
toward the southwest. 2. Coming from the 
southwest or a point near it: as, a southwesterly 
wind. 
southwesterly (south'wes'ter-li), adv. [< south- 
westerly, a.] In a southwesterly direction. 
The party now headed southwesterly for the Siberian 
coast. The American, VII. 168. 
southwestern (south' wes'tern),. [<ME.*o!ti- 
western, < AS. suth-western : see southwest and 
western.] 1. Pertaining to or situated in the 
southwest. 2. In the direction of southwest 
or nearly so: as, to sail a southwestern course. 
3. From the direction of the southwest or 
nearly so: as, a southwestern wind. 
south-westward (south'west'ward), a. and adv. 
[< southwest + -ward.] Toward' the southwest. 
SOUthwestwardly (south'west'ward-li), adv. 
[< southwestward + -lyV.] Southwestward. 
[Hare.] 
SOUtien (F. pron. sp-tian'), . [OF., < soutenir, 
sustain : see sustain.] In her., a supporter: es- 
pecially applied to an inanimate object to which 
the shield is secured : thus, two trees sometimes 
support the shield by means of its guige. 
SOUvenancet, . [Early mod. E. sovenaunce, < 
Ji> . sovenance, < souvenir, remember : see sou- 
venir.] Eemembrance. 
life will I graunt thee for thy valiaunce, 
And all thy wronges will wipe out of my sovenaunce 
Spenser, F. Q., II. viii. 51. 
souvenir (so-ve-ner'), w. [< F. souvenir, a re- 
membrance, < souvenir, remember, < L. subve- 
mre, come up to one's aid, occur to one's mind, 
< sub-, under, + venire = E. come.] That which 
reminds one, or revives one's recollection, of 
an event, a person, a place, etc. ; a remembran- 
cer; a reminder; a keepsake: as, & souvenir of 
Mount Veruon; a souvenir of a marriage or a 
visit. 
Across Sieur George's crown, leaving a long, bare streak 
through his white hair, was the souvenir of a Mexican 
bre - 0. W. Cable, Old Creole Days, P 10 
= Syn. Memento, etc. See memorial. 
5788 
sou'wester (sou'wes'ter), n. A contraction of 
southwester. 
SOV. An abbreviation of sovereign, a coin, 
soveraignt, soyeraint, and . Obsolete spell- 
ings of sovereign. 
sovereign (suv'- or sov'e-ran), a. and w. [Early 
mod. E. also soveraignj'soveraigne, soverain; < 
ME. soverain, soveraine, soverayne, soverein, sov- 
ereyn, sovereyne, < OF. sovrain, soverain, siive- 
i-iiiii, later souverain = Pr. sobran = Sp. Pg. 
soberano = It. soprano, soprano, < ML. supera- 
nus, supreme, principal, < L. super, above : see 
super-. Of. sovran, soprano, from the It. The 
g is intrusive, prob. due to confusion with reign 
(at. foreign). For the use as the name for a coin, 
cf. ducat, real s , noble, etc. The historical pron. 
is suv'e-ran.] I. a. 1. Supreme; paramount; 
commanding ; excellent. 
Everemoore he hadde a sovereyn prys. 
Chaucer, Gen. Prol. to C. T., 1. 67. 
A man of sovereign parts he is esteem'd. 
Shak., L. L. L., ii. 1. 44. 
Your leaders in France . . . came to look upon it [the 
British constitution] with a sovereign contempt. 
Burke, Rev. in France. 
I stood on Brocken's sovran height, and saw 
Woods crowding upon woods. 
Coleridye, Lines written in an Album. 
Life's sovereign moment is a battle won. 
0. W. Holmes, The Banker's Dinner. 
2. Supreme in power ; possessing supreme do- 
minion ; not subject to any other ; hence, royal ; 
princely. 
Whan thise messageres hade here greting made, 
Than the soueraynest Beg saide of hem alle. 
William of Palerne (E. E. T. S.), 1. 4932. 
Let her be a principality, 
Sovereign to all the creatures on the earth. 
Shall., T. G. of V., il. 4. 163. 
It was the several States, or, what is the same thing, 
their people, in their sovereign capacity, who ordained and 
established the constitution. Calhoun, Works, 1. 130. 
3. Efficacious in the highest degree ; potent : 
said especially of medicines. 
For-thi loke thow louye [love] as longe as thow durest, 
For is no science vnder sonne so souereyne for the soule. 
Piers Plowman (BX x. 206. 
And telling me the sovereign'st thing on earth 
Was parmaceti for an inward bruise. 
Shak., 1 Hen. IV., i. 3. 57. 
Sovereign state, a state possessing sovereign power, or 
sovereignty. See sovereignty, 1 (d). 
A State is called a sovereign State when this supreme 
power resides within itself, whether resting in a single in- 
dividual, or in a number of individuals, or in the whole 
body of the people. Cooley, Const. Lim. (4th ed.), i. 
II. n. I. One who exercises supreme control 
or dominion; a ruler, governor, chief, or mas- 
ter; one to whom allegiance is due. 
Lady and Sovereyn of alle othere Londes. 
Mandeville, Travels, p. 1. 
If your Soueraign be a Knight or Squyre, set downe your 
Dishes couered, and your Cup also. 
Babees Book (E. E. T. S.), p. 69. 
The sovereign [of Underwald) is the whole county, the 
sovereignty residing in the general assembly, where all 
the males of fifteen have entry and suffrage. 
J. Adams, Works, IV. 316. 
Specifically (at) A husband; a lord and master. 
The prestis they gone home ajen, 
And sche goth to hire sovereyne. 
Gower, MS. Soc. Antiq. 134, f. 44. (HalliweU.) 
(&t) A provost or mayor. 
And whanne it drowe to the day of the dede doynge, 
That sovereynes were semblid, and the schire knygtis. 
Deposition of Kich. II., p. 28. (HaUiwell.) 
(c) A monarch ; an emperor or empress ; a king or queen. 
Sovereign of Egypt, hail ! Shak., A. and C., i. 5. 84. 
And when three sovereigns died, could scarce be vex'd, 
Considering what a gracious prince was next. 
Pope, Epil. to Satires, i. 107. 
2. A current English gold coin, the standard 
of the coinage, worth 1 or 20 shillings ($4.84), 
and weighing 123 rVA grains troy. The first Eng- 
lish coin bearing this name was issued by Henry VII 
was current for 1, and weighed 240 grains. Sovereigns 
continued to be issued till the time of James I. The origi- 
nal sovereign bore the type of a seated figure of the king 
Henry VII. George III. revived the issue of the sovereign 
sovereignty 
current coins. Abbreviated sou. Sovereign's speech. 
See speech. from the throne, under speech. =Syn. 1. King, 
etc. (see prince}, potentate. 
sovereign (suv'- or sov'e-rftn), r. /. [< sover- 
eign, n.] To rule over as a sovereign ; exercise 
sovereign authority over. [Rare.] 
Unless her Majesty do towreiyn them presently. 
Roger Williams, To WalsinBharu, August, 1585, quoted in 
[Motley's Hist. Netherlands, I. 333. 
SOVereigness (suv'- or sov'e-ran-es), n. [For- 
merly also sorerainess ; < sovereign + -ess.] A 
woman who is sovereign ; a queen. [Bare.] 
Seas Soveraintess [read ioverainess}, Sleep-bringer, Pilgrims 
guide. 
Peace-loving Queen. 
Sylvester, tr. of Du Bartas's Weeks, i. 4. 
SOVereignize (suv'- or sov'e-ran-Iz), r. i. [< 
sovereign + -ize.] To exercise supreme author- 
ity. [Bare.] 
Nimrod was th< 
IB first that sovereignized o 
Sir T. Uerbert, '. 
Obverse. Reverse. 
Sovereign. 1817. British Museum. (Size of the original.) 
in 1817, and the coin was then of the same weight as the 
present sovereign of Queen Victoria. Double sovereigns 
have been struck at various times, and half-sovereigns are 
over men. 
Travels, p. 226. 
sovereignly (suv'- or sov'e-rij,n-li), adv. [Ear- 
ly mod. E. also soveraignly ; < ME. sovereyne- 
lyche; < sovereign + -fy 2 .] In a sovereign man- 
ner or degree, (a) So as to exceed all others ; surpass- 
ingly ; exceedingly ; chiefly ; especially. 
But soveraignly dame Pertelote shrighte. 
Chaucer, Nun's Priest's Tale, 1. 542. 
(6) Potently; effectually; efficaciously. [Rare.] 
Mrs. Bisket. How do the Waters agree with your Lady- 
ship? 
Mrs. Woodly. Oh, Soveraignly. 
Shadwell, Epsom Wells, i. 
(c) With supremacy ; supremely ; as a sovereign. 
The government resides sovereignly in the communities, 
where everything is decided by the plurality of voices. 
J. Adams, Works, IV. 323. 
sovereignty (suv'- or sov'e-ran-ti), .; pi. sover- 
eignties (-tiz). [Early mod". E. alsosoveraignty, 
soverayntie, etc. ; < ME. soveraygntye, sovereyne- 
tee, souverainetee, sovereinte,< OF. sovrainte, sou- 
verainte, F. souverainte = It. sovranita (cf. Sp. 
Pg. soberania), < ML. as if *superanita(t-)s, < 
superanus, supreme, sovereign: see sovereign.] 
1. The state or character of being sovereign or 
a sovereign. 
So sitting high in dreaded soverayntie, 
Those two strange knights were to her presence brought. 
Spenser, . Q., V. ix. 34. 
I think he'll be to Rome 
As is the osprey to the fish, who takes it 
By sovereignty of nature. Shak., Cor., iv. 7. 35. 
Specifically (at) Mastery ; control ; predominance. 
Wommen desiren to have Kovereyiietee, 
As wel over hir housbond as hlr love. 
Chaucer, Wife of Bath's Tale, 1. 182. 
I was born to command, 
Train'd up in sovereignty. 
Fletcher (and another 1 !), Prophetess, iv. S. 
(6) The rule or sway of a monarch ; royal or imperial power. 
Jovius Augustus ... let the true nature of his power 
be seen, and, first among the Ctesars, arrayed himself with 
the outward pomp of sovereignty. 
E. A. Freeman, Venice, p. 138. 
(c) Supremacy or dominion; hegemony: applied to the 
relation between a powerful state and other states or re- 
gions : as, Rome's sovereignty over the East ; Great Britain 
holds the sovereignty of the seas, (d) The supreme, abso- 
lute, uncontrollable power by which any state is govern- 
ed (Cooley) ; the political authority, whether vested In a 
single individual or in a number of individuals, to order 
and direct what is to be done by each individual in rela- 
tion to the end and object of the state (Halleck). It is 
essential to the modern conception of sovereignty that 
it should be exclusive of any other human superior au- 
thority, should be wielded by a determinate person or 
organization of persons, and should be on the whole ha- 
bitually obeyed by the bulk of the community. Thus, in 
the United States, sovereignty is vested in the body of 
adult male citizens. The claim that each State that is, 
the adult male free citizens of each State possessed a 
separate sovereignty was one of the elements of contro- 
versy involved in the civil war. 
I state Austin's doctrine of Sovereignty in another way, 
more popularly, though without, I think, any substantial 
inaccuracy. It is as follows : There is, in every indepen- 
dent political community that is, in every political com- 
munity not in the habit of obedience to a superior above 
itself some single person or some combination of per- 
sons which has the power of compelling the other mem- 
bers of the community to do exactly as it pleases. This 
single person or group this individual or this collegiate 
Sovereign . . . may be found in every independent po- 
litical community as certainly as the centre of gravity in 
a mass of matter. If the community be violently or vol- 
untarily divided into a number of separate fragments, 
then, as soon as each fragment has settled down (perhaps 
after an interval of anarchy) into a state of equilibrium, 
the Sovereign will exist and with proper care will be dis- 
coverable in each of the now independent portions. The 
Sovereignty over the North American Colonies of Great 
Britain had its seat in one place before they became the 
United .States, in another place afterwards ; but in both 
cases there was a discoverable Sovereign somewhere. This 
Sovereign, this person or combination of persons, univer- 
sally occurring in all independent political communities, 
has in all such communities one characteristic common 
to all the shapes Sovereignty may take, the possession of 
irresistible force, not necessarily exerted, but capable of 
