Sparganium 
5797 
Too near and sparing for a soldier, 
MJ gripping, ami t,, ( -, 
tbtektr (and unotiurr), i',,,|,l,,.tess, I. 2 
Defer not to do Justice, or be span,,., ,,( \i, , ,., 
1. as, a */,,, ,li,-t ; *,-,,, Mppiaus,.. 
toTJeVerv L '".""""'I"" i" 'In; dUlTCBJ of sciences ought 
ry *pam0. Bacon, Advancement of Learning II 
3f. Inclined to spare from harm or hardship; 
not oppressive; forbearing. 
sparganosis 
ur. wra 
r-gii-nd'si_8j, ii. [NL.! as if < 
-- wrapping in swaddling-clothes 
(see Uparganium); prop, spargosis < Gr on-do 
yuoif, a swelling, distention i sro */MI-O',S i 
same as spargosis, 
sparge ^sparj g ) r t; pret. and pp. sparj/ed, ppr. 
sprinkle ; cf. asperge, asperse, 'disperse, etc 8 ]'' 6 !'' 
To sprinkle ; scatter. 
Wha In yon cavern, grim and sootie, 
Closed under hatches. 
Spairges about the brunstane cootie. 
Burns, Address to the De'il. 
2. To throw water upon in a shower of small 
drops. See sparger. 
spargefactiont (spar-jf-fak'shpn), r< L 
ximrgere, strew, sprinkle, + faciio(n-), <facere 
* "n? 1 The act of sprinkling. Swift Tale 
of a Tub, iv. 
sparger (spar'jer),H. [< sparge + -er* ] 1 A 
sprinkler; usually, a cup with a perforated lid 
or a pipe with a perforated nozle, used f ordampl 
ing paper clothes, etc. 2. In brewing, a per- 
forated cylinder, or a series of disks,' for dis- 
charging hot water in a fine shower over grain 
falling into a mash-tub. 
spargett, spargetingt. Same as parget, parget- 
spargosis (spar-go'sis), w. [NL., < Gr. (TTrd-pvu- 
ovf, a swelling, distention, < oxapyav, be full to 
bursting, swell.] In pathol. : (a) Distention of 
the breasts with milk, (b) Same as pachyder- 
mia. Also sparganosis. 
sparhawk (spar'h&k), . A contracted form of 
sparrow-hawk. Chaucer, Parliament of Fowls, 
' . OOo. 
Sparidae (spar'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < Sparus + 
f A u family of acanthopterygian fishes, 
typified by the genus Sparus, to which differ- 
ent limits have been assigned ; the sea-breams. 
(a) In the early system of Bonaparte, same as Cuvler's 
55** fa V" 1 , y ^ f K acant hopterygian fishes (Sparoid?*) 
which included, besides the true SparMa, many other 
fishes, (b, , In Gunther's system, a family of Acanthoptl 
rygn perctfrnnes, having ventrals perfect, no bony stay for 
the preoperculuin, a lateral line, and either a series of 
trenchant teeth in the Jaws or molars on the sides <) 
In Jordan and Gilbert's classification, acanthopterygian 
ttshes of the ordinary type with the supramaxillary bones 
slipping under the preorbital. It thus included not only 
the true Sparida! but the Pristopomidie, Lutjanidu, PL 
melepteridse, and LoboKdu. (d) By Gill restricted to 
of an oblong compressed form with peculiar scales, 
continuous lateral line, head compressed, supramaxillary 
bones retractile under the suborbitals, dorsal with the 
spmous part depressible in a groove and about as lone 
as the soft part, pectorals with lower rays branched, and 
ventrals subbrachial and complete. The family thus lira- 
ited comprises numerous species, among which are some 
nSK. mos i esteemed of the temperate seas, such as the 
giltneads of Europe, and the sheepshead and scup of the 
eastern American coast. Also Sparoidx, See cuts under 
Pimtltpterus, porgy, Scorpis, scup, and sheepshead. 
spandal (spar'i-dal), a. Same as xparoid. 
Sparmse (spa-ri'ne), . pi. [NL., < Sparus + 
-**.J A subfamily of sparoid fishes, typified 
by the genus Sparus, to which various limits 
aml V r-A^ n a !' s 'S, ned .- . () The genera Sparus. Sargus, 
tAaraz: the Spanm of Bonaparte, (b) By Jordan 
M f 3? 8ed for 8 P aroids hav lng molar teeth on the 
sides of the jaws none on vomer, palatines, or tongue 
entire opercle and few pylorlc caeca, including Spdna 
kanjui, or Diplodus, and various other genera 
sparme (spar'iu), a. and n. [< sparus + -ine*.] 
1. a. Sparoid, in a narrow sense; closely resem- 
bling a sparus; belonging to the Sparing. 
II. ft. A sparoid fish of the subfamily Soa- 
rinse. 
sparing (spar'ing), ii. [< ME. sparyiige; verbal 
n. of spare*, .] 1. Parsimony. ' 
Sparynge. Parcimonia. Prompt. Pan., p. 487. 
2. pi. That which is saved by frugality or econ- 
omy; savings. [Rare.] 
. 
his'subjects* ' ' ' Wa "< p<m ' n a " dco nipas8lonate towards 
Bacon. 
sparingly (spar'ing-li), adv. In a sparing man- 
ner; with frugality, moderation, scantinlss, re- 
serve, forbearance, or the like ; sparsely. 
Touch this sparingly, as 'twere far off 
Shot., Rich. III., Hi. 5. 9.x 
sparingness (spar'ing-nes), . The c-har.i.-t.-i- 
of being sparing or inclined to spare; tope- 
dally, frugality, scantiness, or the like- as 
the sparingness of one's diet. 
sparkle 
I In- Insulation Is apt to \xsmart,,t tlnoudi and .polled. 
SXJV.MO. 
Whenever ah,, _, h |h| . 
con. 
2. To splash with dirt, llnllnnll \\>r>,\ ]',, 
or Scotch.] 
spark^ (spiirk), . [Usually MMMteted with 
tparki, sparkisk, sparkling, etc., bul perhana -i 
var. of prae*(ef. Ml-;. >//;/. /I,-/,, 
In-lit i,< I,.,. |. ,sy, //,/-. usually tr 
spriglitly: we v/ </,/,-.] \ ..\ p erson o j- a 
or sprightly character; a gay, lively, showy man 
(or, rarely, in former use-, umnau)- a ' blade" 
or roysterer. 
, Robbln Hood upon him set 
_ jj "h his couraglous uparlret. 
true Tale of Jtulrin //</ (i ijjid s liallads, V. 
I will wed thee 
lo my great widdowts daughter and j|e helre 
The louely sparke, the bright Laodlce. 
* an. Widdi 
.Sits). 
- ..3 entered the ministry again and 
je utmost sparingness. 
George Eliot, Felix Holt, vl. 
spark 1 (spark), n. [< ME. sparke, gperke, si,,,,;- 
spserc, spearke, < AS. spearca, xp&rca = MD 
V0rfe, spercke, D. spark = MLG. LG. sparke 
OP . esparque), a spark; perhaps so called 
from the crackling of a firebrand: cf. Icel. 8w 
spraka == Dan. sprage, crackle, Lith. sprageti 
rackle, Gr. cpapa-yof, a crackling, Skt. ysphuri 
rumble.] 1. A particle of ignited substance 
emitted from a body in combustion; a fiery 
particle thrown off by burning wood, iron 
powder, or other substance. 
muhte acwikien. .dncren Kittle, p. 90. 
Man is born unto trouble, as the sparks fly upward. 
Hence 2. A scintillating or flying emana- 
tion, literally or figuratively ; anything resem- 
bling a spark of fire: as, sparks from a gem- 
a spark of wit. 
JF j 17 if " were P 088ible to 8t a spark of human spirit 
out of you. Seotti Woodstock, v. 
For all the haft twinkled with diamond sparks. 
Tennyson, Passing of Arthur. 
3. A small diamond used with many others 
to form a setting or frame, as to a cameo or a 
miniature painting; also, a distinct crystal of 
diamond with the natural curved edges, suitable 
for glaziers' use. 
Idowes Teares, I. (Daviet.) 
J-heir worthy father ... was, at his years Dearly as 
wild a spark. Sheridan, School /or Scandal, I. " 
2. A lover; a gallant; a beau. [Colloq.] 
Kly to your spark; hell tell you more of (he matter 
Ooldstnith, She stoops to Conquer,' 111 
spark 2 (spark), r. [< x/y ;/-,.] I intrans' To 
play the spark or gallant; court. [Colloq.] 
A sure sign that his master was courtlnir or It I. 
termed, sparking, within. jrdny, SkeVch-Botk,^. 432 
.K^K b s ' 8 t , hat do " good deal of 'Parking and the girls 
that have a lot of beaux don't alwayVgct married lirsf 
E. Eggleston, The Graysons, xxxill. 
II. trans. To pay attention to, especially with 
a view to marriage; court; play the gallant to, 
m a general sense : as, he is sparking Miss Doe 
to spark a girl home. [Colloq.] 
spark-arrester (spark'a-res'ter), . 1. A fen- 
der of wire netting. 2. A netting or cage of 
wire placed over the smoke-stack of a steam- 
The upanngs of the whole week which have not been 
laid out for chances in the lottery are spent for this even- 
ing s amusement. Howells, Venetian Life, v. 
3f. The state of being spared from harm or 
death. 
If the Lord give you sparing to-morrow, let me hear 
four words of comfort from you for God's sake. 
J. Careless, in Bradford's Letters (Parker Soc., 1853), II. 241. 
sparing (spar'ing), p. a. [Ppr. of spare 1, p.] 
1. Inclined to spare or save; economical; fru- 
gal; chary; grudging. 
This madonna invites me to a banquet for my discourse 
t other . . sends me a spark, a third a ruby, a fourth aii 
emerala - Shirley, Bird in a Cage, II. 1 
1 ,T h if^ t Writing dlamond8 re ?wt set in steel tubes 
much luce everpoint pencils. Lea, Photography, p. 427. 
4. A separate bit or particle of fire or burning 
matter m an otherwise inert body or mass- 
hence, a bit of anything, material or immate- 
rial, comparable to this in its nuclear character 
or possible extension of activity. 
If any spark of life be unquench'd in her, 
Jhis will recover her. 
Beau, and Fl., Knight of Malta, ill. 2. 
it wilfbu 6 SPa " IC ' '' eliglou9 and civ " llbert y b kindled, 
D. WebsUr, Speech, Bunker Hill Monument, June 17, 1825. 
Electric spark, the luminous effect produced when a 
sudden disruptive electrical discharge takes place be- 
tween two charged conductors, or between two conduc- 
tors at different electric potentials. The length of the 
spark depends primarily upon the difference of potential 
of the two charged bodies; it Is hence In general a con- 
spicuous phenomenon with high potential frictional elec- 
tricity, and not with ordinary voltaic currents. See elec- 
(ncK.v.-Fairy sparks. See fairy. 
spark 1 (spark), v. [< ME. sparken, < AS. spear- 
cm = MLG. LG. sparken, emit sparks; from the 
noun: see tnartf, .] I. intrans. 1. To emit 
sparks, as of fire or electricity; sparkle or scin- 
tillate. Spenser. 2. In elect., to produce sparks 
at points where the continuity of the circuit is 
interrupted. The production of sparks is due -to the 
formation of a small arc between the extremities of the 
broken conductor, and also to self-induction in the circuit 
Sparking often takes place between the collecting brushes 
and the commutator of the dynamo. It Is Injurious to 
the machine, aside from the actual dissipation of energy 
which it involves. It also occurs to an injurious degree 
In other electrical apparatus in which currents are fre- 
quently interrupted. Various measures are resorted to 
for the purpose of reducing it to a minimum or avoiding 
It altogether. See gpark-arrester, 3. 
There is no sparking at the brushes. 
S. P. Thompson, Dynamo-Elect. Mach., p. 113. 
II. trans. 1. To affect by sparks, as of elec- 
tricity; act upon by the emission or transmis- 
sion of sparks. [Recent.] 
- 
engine. In some arresters a deflector is placed in the 
strvoir"^ 1 8t "I'f th f, 9 r k8 8trikc - a " d Bffio2 
servoir below. Also called spark-consumer. 
3. A device for preventing injurious sparking 
m electrical apparatus at points where fre- 
quent interruptions of the circuit occur, as in 
telegraph-keys, relays, and similar instruments. 
It consists in some cases of a spark-coil or high-resistance 
connective across the point of iutemiptioiK so that the 
I,T C o U ther S 8 n i e t V f r aCtUal i 5 ' broken ' but "' f^'ly reduce^ 
In others it is a condenser whose plates are connected 
each with one extremity of the broken circuit. In this 
case the energy of the current Induced on breaking is ex- 
pended in charging the condenser. Also sparker 
spark-coil (spark ' koil), M. See spark-arres- 
lTj O. 
spark-condenser (spark'kon-den'ser), n. In 
elect., an instrument having a glass cage in 
which a spark may be passed between the bat- 
nh$ "i ""., 6 Ctions - "> used for burning metals or 
obtaining the spectra of gases, and Is designed to isolate 
the atmosphere in which the experiment is conducted w 
as to eliminate accidental disturbing causes, and also' to 
enable the experiment to take place in an atmosphere of 
any required condensation or tenuity, 
spark-consumer (spitrk'kon-su'mer), ii. In a 
steam-engine, a spark-arrester. 
sparked (sparkt), . [< sparkl + -i2.] y a - 
riegated. HaUiwell. [Prov. Eng.] 
sparked-back (sparkt ' bak), a. Having a 
streaked or variegated back ; streaked-back 
as, the sparked-back plover, the turnstonc. [Lo- 
cal, Massachusetts.] 
sparker (spar'ker), . [< spark* + -ei-i.l Same 
as spark-arrester, 3. 
sparkfult (spark'ful), a. [< spartf + -/;.] 
Sparkish. 
Hitherto will our tparlrefull youth laugh at their great 
grandfather's English. Camden, Remains, Languages. 
Sparkish (spSr'kish), a. [< spark* + -i>*i. Cf. 
spark".'] Gay; jaunty; sprightly; showy; fine. 
I have been detained by a sparHsh coxcomb, who pre- 
tended a visit to me. Wychertty, Country Wife, iv. 2. 
A daw, to be Sparkish, trick'd himself up with all the 
gay feathers he could muster. Sir R. L 'Estrange. 
sparkle (spar'kl), r. ; pret. and pp. sparkled 
ppr. sparkling. [Early mod. E. also sparcle, 
sjmrckle; < ME. sparklen, spearclen, sperclen (= 
MD. sparcke len); freq. of spark*. Cf. sparkle, 
] I. intrans. 1. To emit sparks; send off 
small ignited particles, as burning fuel, etc. 
2. To shine as if giving out sparks; glitter; 
glisten; scintillate, literally or figuratively: as, 
a brilliant sparkles; a sparkling beaut v ; spark- 
ling wit. 
.K T . h u 8 f !eemed " of a Fire about us; for every tea 
that broke sparkled like Lightning. 
Dampier, Voyages, I. 414. 
With one star sparkling through It like an'eye. 
Byron, Don Juan. II. 18S. 
