spatulamancy 
Spatulamaney (called in Scotland Slinneanch (divina- 
tion]) by reading the speal bone or the blade bone of a 
shoulder of mutton well scraped. 
JiiUmi-Turner, Vagrants and Vagrancy, p. 78. 
spatular (spat'u-liir), a. [< spatula + -<ir 3 .] 
Like a spatula in form: spatulate. 
Spatularia (spat-u-la'ri-a), it. [NL. (Shaw), 
< L. spatula, a spatula : see spatula.] In irlitli.. 
Skull of Spatularia, with the long beak removed, the anterior (0jr) 
and posterior (fsc] semicircular canals exposed ; Au, auditory cham- 
ber ; Or, orbit of eye ; N, nasal sac ; Hy, hyoidean apparatus; Br, 
representatives of brancliiostegal rays ; Op, operculum ; .!/, mandi- 
ble; A B, suspensorium ; D, palatoquadrate cartilage; B, maxilla. 
a genus of ganoid fishes: same as Polyodon, 1. 
See also cut under paddle-fisli. 
Spatulariidas (spat"u-la-ri'i-de), n. pi. [NL., 
< Spatularia + -idee.] ' In ichtli., a family of 
ganoid fishes, named from the genus Spatnla- 
ria: same as Palyodontidse. Also Spatularidee. 
See cuts under paddle-fish and Psephurus. 
spatulate (spat'u-lat), a. [< NL. spatulatu.t, < 
spatula, a spatula : see spatula.] Shaped like a 
spatula; in zoiil. and anat., spoon-shaped, or 
rounded more or less like the 
outlines of a spoon; spatuli- 
form ; in hot., shaped like a 
spatula ; resembling a spatula 
in shape, being oblong or 
rounded with a long narrow 
attenuate base : as, a spatulate 
leaf, petal, or other flattened 
organ. Also spathulate. See 
cuts under Eurynorhynchus, 
paddle-fish, Parotid, Prioitituriis, Spatliura, and 
shoveler'*. 
The large basal joint of the sixth appendage [of Limn- 
lus] is almost devoid of spines, and bears a curved, spatu. 
late process. Huxley, Anat. Invert., p. 229. 
spatulation (spat-u-la'shon), n. [< spatulate + 
-ion.] Spatulate shape or formation; appear- 
ance as of a spatula; spoon-shaped figure or 
arrangement. See cuts noted under spatulate. 
The lateral [tail-lfeathers [of some humming-birds] may 
. . . suddenly enlarge into a terminal spatulation, as in the 
forms known as "Racquet-tails." Encyc. Brit., XII. 359. 
spatule (spat'ul), n. [< F. spatule, < L. spatula, 
a blade, spatula: see spattteV, spatula.] If. 
Same as spattle 2 . 
Stirring it thrice a day with a spatvle. 
Holland, tr. of Pliny, xxiii. 17. 
2. In zoii/., a spatulate formation or spatuli- 
form part; specifically, in ornith., the racket 
at the end of the tail-feathers, as of the mot- 
mots or sawbills and certain parrakeets and 
humming-birds. See cuts under Momotus, Pri- 
oniturus, and Spathvra. 
spatuliform (spat'u-li-form), a. [< L. spatula, 
a blade, spatula, + forma, form.] Spatulate 
in form ; spoon-shaped. 
spatuligerous (spat-u-lij'e-rus), a. [< L. spat- 
ula, a blade, spatula, + gerere, carry.] In zool., 
bearing or provided with a spatule or racket. 
spaud, r. A dialectal form of spald 1 . 
spauder (spa'der), n. [Also spawder (f) (Sc. 
spehler), also splauder, spread; freq. of spaud, 
spald: see spald 1 .] An injury to animals aris- 
ing from their legs being forced too far asunder 
on ice or slippery roads. [Prov. Eng.] 
spaul (spal), H. See spal ft.- Black spaul. Same 
as symptomatic anthrax (which see, under anthrax). 
spauldt, _. An obsolete variant of spall 2 . 
spave (spav), r. t. A dialectal variant of spay 1 . 
spaviet (spav'i-et), a. A Scotch form of spav- 
ined. 
My spaviet Pegasus will limp. 
Burns, First Epistle to Davie. 
spavin (spav'in), n. [Early mod. E. also spav- 
en; < ME. spaveijne, < OF.'espacent, esparvain, 
F. eparvin = Olt. spavano, It. sparenio = Sp! 
esparavdit = Pg. esparav&o, esparvelo, spavin; 
perhaps so called in allusion to the hopping or 
sparrow-like motion of a horse afflicted with 
spavin ; cf . Sp. esparardn, a sparrow-hawk, < 
OHG. sparo, spar tee = AS. speartca = E. spar- 
row : see sparrow. But this explanation is un- 
certain, resting on the mere resemblance of 
form.] 1. A disease of horses affecting the 
5802 
hock-joint, or joint of the hind leg between 
the knee and the fetlock. See boa-sjiarin, blood- 
sparin, boii/'-xptii'iii. 2. In roal-iiiiitiny, the clay 
underlying the coal. Also called un<lt'r-day. 
roal-flai/, scat, seat-clay, etc. [Yorkshire, Eng.] 
spavined (spav'ind), . [<.><parin + -cd?.'] Af- 
fected with spavin; hence, figuratively, halt- 
ing; crippled ; very lame or limping. 
A blind, spavined, galled back, that was only fit to be 
cut up for a dog-kennel. <j'"lilHi/iith. Vicar, xiv. 
If they ever praise each other's bad drawings, or broken- 
winded novels, or spanned verses, nobody ever supposed 
it was from admiration. O. W. Holmes, Autocrat, i. 
spawt, . An obsolete form of pn. 
spawder, . See xpauder. 
spawl 1 , n. and r. See spall 1 . 
spawl' 2 , n. See spall' 2 . 
spawl 3 (spal), t>. [A contr. of spattle 1 .] Sa- 
liva or spittle thrown out carelessly ; slaver. 
The new-born infant from the cradle takes, 
And first of spittle she lustration makes; 
Then in the spawl her middle finger dips, 
Anoints the temples, forehead, and the lips. 
Dryden, tr. of Persius's Satires, ii. 
spawl 3 (spal), v. i. [Formerly also spall; < 
spawl 3 , n.] To throw saliva from the mouth 
so as to scatter it; eject spittle in a careless, 
dirty manner: sometimes with indefinite it. 
There was such spitting and spalling, as though they 
had been half choked. 
Uarrini/ton's Apology (1596). (Xaret.) 
In disgrace, 
To spit and spawl upon his sunbright face. 
Quartet, Emblems, iii. 2. 
Why must he sputter, spawl, and slaver it ? Swift. 
spawld, . A Scotch variant of spald 2 for spall-. 
spawn (span), r. [Earlymod. E. spaune; < ME. 
spawnen, spanen, < OF. espaundre, espandre, 
also espandir, shed, spill, pour out, spawn, same 
as espanir, blow, bloom as a flower, lit. expand, 
F. epandre, spread, = It. spandere, spill, scat- 
ter, shed, < L. expandere, spread out, shed 
abroad : see expand. Cf. spannisliing.] I. trans. 
To produce or lay (eggs) : said of a female fish, 
and by extension of other animals ; hence, to 
generate. It is sometimes applied, in contempt, 
to human beings. 
What practices such principles as these may spawn, 
when they are laid out to the sun, you may determine. 
Swi/t. 
II. intrans. 1. To produce or lay eggs of the 
kinds called spawn, as a fish, frog, mollusk, or 
crustacean ; by extension, to produce offspring : 
said of other animals, and, in contempt, of hu- 
man beings. 
The Trout usually spawns about October or November. 
/. Walton, Complete Angler, p. 75. 
2. To issue, as the eggs or young of a fish: by 
extension applied to other animals, and to hu- 
man beings, in contempt. 
The beguiling charms of distinctions and magnificent 
subtleties have spawned into prodigious monsters, and the 
birth of error. Evelyn, True Religion, II. 176. 
It is so ill a quality, and the mother of so many ill ones 
that spawn from it, that a child should be brought up in 
the greatest abhorrence of it. Locke. 
Spawn (span), . and a. [Early mod. E. spaune ; 
< spawn, v.] I. n. 1. The eggs or ova of various 
oviparous animals, as amphibians, fishes, mol- 
lusks, crustaceans, etc., wnen small and numer- 
ous, or extruded in more or less coherent masses ; 
female roe. The number of individual eggs in spawn 
varies much, and is sometimes prodigiously great : thus, 
it has been estimated that the spawn of a single codfish 
may contain several million eggs. In oviparous fishes the 
eggs are spawned directly into the water, fecundated as 
they flow out, or afterward, by the milt of the male, and 
left to hatch by themselves. Fish-spawn is also easily 
procured by the process of stripping the female, and arti- 
ficially fecundated by the same process applied to the 
male, the spawn and milt being mixed together in the 
water of a vessel made for the purpose. In ovoviviparous 
fishes the spawn is impregnated in the body of the fe- 
male, as is usual with the eggs of higher animals. Frogs 
and toads lay a quantity of spawn consisting of a jelly-like 
mass in which the eggs are embedded, and it is fertilized 
as it flows forth. Some shell-fish extrude spawn in firm 
gelatinous masses, as the common sea-snail, Natica heros. 
(See sand-saucer.) The mass of eggs (called coral or berry) 
that a lobster carries under her tail is the spawn or roe of 
that crustacean ; and in various other crustaceans and 
some fishes the spawn is carried to hatching in special 
brood-pouches (see opossum-shrimp), which are sometimes 
in the male instead of the female, as in the sea-horse (see 
Hippncampidse). Anadromous fishes are those which leave 
the sea and run up rivers to spawn ; a few fishes are catad- 
romous, or the converse of this. The name spawn is seldom 
or never given to the eggs of scaly reptiles, birds, or mam- 
mals : but the term has sometimes included milt. See 
spawning. 
2. The spat of the oyster, from the time of 
the discharge of the egg until the shell is visi- 
ble and the creature has become attached. 3. 
Offspring of fish; very small fish; fry. 4. 
spawning-ground 
Offspring in general ; a swarming brood : ap- 
plied, mostly in contempt, to human beings. 
To Sem the East, to Cham the South, the West 
To lapheth falls ; their senerall scopes exprest : 
Their fruitful Spawn did all the World supply. 
Sylvester, tr. of Du Bartas's Weeks, ii., The Colonies, Arg. 
llowe'er that common spawn of ignorance, 
Our fry of writers, may beslime his fame. 
B. Jonson, Poetaster, Ind. 
5. In but., the mycelium of fungi; the white 
fibrous matter forming the matrix from whic'li 
fungi are produced. Certain species of edible fungi, 
as Ayaricus campeslris, are propagated artificially by sow- 
ing the spawn in prepared beds of horse-droppings and 
sand. 
By this time these will be one mass of natural sjunrn, 
having a grey mouldy and thready appearance, and a smell 
like that of mushrooms. 
Cooke and Berkeley, Fungi, p. 257. 
The agarics have an abundant mycelium, known to gar- 
deners as the spawn, consisting of white, cottony filaments, 
which spread in every direction through the soil. 
Amer. Cyc., XII. 70. 
To shoot spawn. See shoot. 
II. a. Containing spawn; spawning, or about 
to spawn; ripe, as a fish. , 
spawn-brick (span'brik), . In bot., brick- 
shaped masses of mold or compressed horse- 
droppings fermented with mushroom-spawn, 
and used for the artificial sowing or stocking of 
a mushroom-bed. 
The [mushroom-lbed will be ready for spawning, which 
consists of inserting small pieces of spawn bricks into the 
sloping sides of the bed, about 6 inches asunder. 
Encyc. Brit., XII. 284. 
spawn-eater (span'e"ter), n. A spawn-eating 
fish, or other animal which habitually feeds 
upon spawn, to the detriment of the fisheries 
or of fish-culture; especially, a cyprinoid fish, 
Spawn*eater i..\'i>lrofjs hudsonius}. 
Notropis hudsonius, found in streams along the 
coast from New York to Virginia. This is one of 
the largest minnows, from 4 to 8 inches long, of a pale 
coloration, the sides with a broad silvery band, and usu- 
ally a dusky spot at the base of the caudal fin. It is some- 
times called trmeU. 
spawned (spand), p. a. 1. Having emitted 
spawn; spent, as a fish. 2. Extnided or de- 
posited, as spawn. 
spawner (spa'ner), n. [< spawn + -!.] 1. 
That which spawns, as the female of fish, frogs, 
oysters, etc. ; a ripe fish about to spawn : cor- 
related with milter. 
There the Spawner casts her eggs, and the llelter hovers 
over her all that time that she is casting her Spawn, but 
touches her not. 
/. Walton, Complete Angler (ed. 1653), p. 117. 
2. In fish-culture, a spawn-gatherer. [Recent.] 
spawn-fungus (span'fung"gus), n. Seefmtgus. 
spawn-hatcher (span'hach"er), . An appa- 
ratus for the artificial hatching of the ova of 
fish. It consists essentially of a box, or a series of boxes, 
fitted with trays with perforated bottoms to receive the 
spawn, and arranged for the supply of aregulated current 
of fresh water. 
spawning (spa'ning), H. [Verbal n. of spawn, r.] 
The act or process of emitting and fecundating 
spawn. It consists essentially in the emission by the 
female of her eggs, and by the male of his milt, in such a 
manner that they may come in contact with each other, 
and that the eggs may be placed in a position favorable 
to their development. The manner, time, and place in 
which this is performed vary with the species. Some 
kinds bury their eggs in sand or gravel ; some attach them 
to weeds, sticks, or stones ; some build nests of stones or 
other material ; and others drop their eggs carelessly 
through the water. Fish spawn at all seasons of the year, 
every species having its appropriate time. Rapid streams, 
quiet lakes, and sea-bottoms are among the places of de- 
posit. In some cases nests are constructed somewhat elabo- 
rately. With the laying of the eggs the care of the parents 
for their offspring generally ends. Not unfrequently both 
sire and dam immediately devour their yet unhatched de- 
scendants. A few species guard their eggs during incu- 
bation, and in some rare cases this care continues after 
the young fishes are hatched. 
spawning-bed (spa'ning-bed), . Abed or nest 
made in the bottom of a stream, as by salmon 
and trout, in which fish deposit their spawn and 
milt. 
spawning-ground (spa'ning -ground), n. A 
water-bottom on which fish deposit their spawn; 
hence, the body or extent of water to which they 
resort to spawn; a breeding-place. 
