5856 
sporation 
of spores or germs, which are freed upon the 
rupture of the body-wall; also, spore-forma- 
tion. Usually called sporukilioii. 
SporeH, . A Middle English form of spur. . , luiol _ ^ 
spore'- 3 (spor), n. [= F. spore, < NL spora, a "goridiferous (sp 6-ri-dif'e-rus), . [< 1 
spore, < Gr. cnopd, a sowing, seed-time, seed 8 ^ ;7 + L %V'r = E. bear*.-] Into*., 
sown, seed, produce, offspring; cf. - 
seed-time, seed, 
sporophyas 
seaweeds, of the class Pltxosporci?, giving name 
to the order Sporocii naceie. AccordmgtoAgardh 
there are 6 species, widely separated in distri- 
sowing, , 
sow, scatter; cf. sperm*,] 
cell which becomes 
free and is capable of 
developing directly 
into a new morpho- 
logically and physio- 
logically independent 
individual. The name is 
given to all the reproduc- 
tive bodies of cryptoga- 
mous plants, which are the 
analogues of the seeds of 
the higher or flowering 
plants, from which they 
further differ by having no 
embryo. In the majority 
of cases a spore consists of 
a nucleated mass of proto- 
plasm, inclosing starch or 
oil as reserve nutritive ma- 
terial, surrounded by a cell- 
wall. In those cases in 
which the spore is capable 
of germination immediate- 
ly on the completion of its 
development, the cell-wall 
is a single delicate mem- 
brane consisting of cellu- 
lose ; but in those cases 
in which the spore must 
pass through a period of 
quiescence before germi- 
nation, the wall is thick 
and may consist of two 
layers, an inner, the en- 
and in which each cell is an independent spore 
with the power of germination. Also called spore- 
group, semen-multiplex, compound spare, mtdtilomlar spore, 
'cellular spore, pluriliicidarlpore, septate spore, etc. De Dary. 
sporidia, " Plural of sporidium. 
S (spo-ri-dif'e-rus), . [< NL. spo- 
fen-c = E. bear*.'] In bot., bearing 
^'ll" sporidia. Also sporid iiferous. , r r 
rmrln sporidiole (spo-rid'i-61), . [<NL.sp0nrtorom.J S p O riilar encystment ; any 
, a .ingie j n fto ^ game ag S p 0r j,n ii< m . cellular organism which 
sporidiolum (spo-ri-di'o-lum), .; pi. tporiatola 
WjJM/ (-la). [NL., dim. of sporidium.'] In bot., one 
of "the minute globose bodies produced upon 
slender pedicles by germinating spores in cer- 
tain fungi. They are regarded by Tulasne as 
spermatia. 
sporidium (spo-rid'i-um), ".; pi. sporidia (-a). 
[NL., < Gr. anapa, enropoc, seed (see spore?), + 
dim. -W.] In bot.: (a) A name restricted by 
some to the reproductive organs or so-called 
spores which are borne upon and detached 
Sporocyst(spo'ro-sist),H. [< NL.pora, spore, + 
Gr. Kvarif, a bag or pouch: see cyst.] Inro67.:(a) 
The cyst, sac, or capsule which 
is developed in the process of 
be- 
comes encysted and proceeds 
to sporulation. (b) A cyst 
or sac containing spores or 
germs, such as is developed 
in the larval state of certain 
flukes, or trematoid worms, as 
Btictplialtix ; this state of such 
worms ; a redia containing cer- 
cariee. See redia, and cuts un- 
der cercaria, germariuui, and 
1'retiiatoda. 
from a promycelium; by others also given to S p 0ro cystic (spo-ro-sis'tik), a. A. Ramified spon>. 
the spores produced in asci or ascospores. () 
A spore. See promycelium. 
sporiert, An obsolete form of spurrier. 
sporiferous (spo-rif'e-rus). a. [s NL. spora, 
spore, + L. ferr'e = E'.' bear*.'] In bot. and zodl. , 
bearing or producing spores. 
sporification (spo'n-n-ka'shon), n. [< 
NL. 
In 
(a) Containing spores, as a magnified: , outer, . 
cyst. (6) Contained in a cyst, SS^c.'' S"3 
aS SpOreS ; encysted. (C) Em- these, more magnified 
bryonic and asexual, as a stage ' 
of a trematoid worm; of or pertaining to a 
sporocyst. 
7 
Spores. 
Of Ljcopodium 
. . 
. Of Marattia 
Of Anei 
dospore, which is deli- 
cate and consists of cellu 
lose, and an outer, the exo- 
consists of cutin. In certain plants, as some alga; and 
fungi, spores are produced which are for a time destitute 
of any cell-wall. They are further peculiar in that they 
are motile, on which account they are called zoosporei. 
In the various divisions of cryptogams the spores are pro- 
duced in many different ways and under various condi- 
tions. See tecidiospore, ascospore, bispore, carpotpore, ehla- 
mydospore, clinospore, maerospore, rnicrospore, oospore, pro- 
tospore, pseudospore, pycnidiospore, stylospnre, teleutospore, 
tetraspore, uredotpore, zoospore, zygospore, etc. 
2. In zool., the seed or germ of an organism, 
spora, spore, -t- L. -ficatio, < -ficare: see -fy.] gporocyte (spo'ro-sit), . [< NL. spora, spore, 
In bot. and ro67., the process of bearing spores ; 4. Q T Kl - irof; a hollow.] In bot., the mother-cell 
production of spores; spore-formation. of a spore. Goebel. 
^ - [<tportpanw sp0 roderm (spo 'ro- derm), n. [< NL. spora, 
spore, + Gr. dfp^a,'skin.] In bot., the covering 
or coating of a spore. Compare exospore. 
sporoduct (spo'ro-dukt), n. [< NL. spora, spore, 
+ L. ducere, carry: see duct.] A duct or pas- 
sage in which spores are lodged, or through 
which they pass. 
" sporiparity (spo-ri-par'i-ti), * _ _ 
+ -ity.] Reproduction by means of spores ; the 
^(xfqHiseiumarytnse.s-of character of being sporiparous. Seesporativn, 
quaelrifolv*. 6. Of Sat- 
sporulation. 
sporiparous (spo-rip'a-rus), a. [< NL. spora, 
spore, + L. pare're, produce.] Reproducing by 
means of spores or sporular encystment, as an 
W. S. Kent. 
MarsiU 
vinia natans. 
fraxinifolia. 
UtParmtlia filiaris. is. Of Par- 
melia parietina, 13. Of Cera- 
ntium purpurtum. 13. Of Cairo- _ _ _ f 
chxtt tivinta. ln f usorian ; sporogenous. n. is. Jient. sporogen (spo'ro-jen), n. [< NL. spora, spore, 
ijwrer which" is "thick and rigid, frequently dark-colored, spoiling (spfir'ling), n. A variant of sparling*. + Gr> .j,f^ f j producing: see -gen.] In bot., a 
and beset externally with spines or bosses^ and which gpornet, r. and n. A Middle English form of p] an t producing spores instead of seed. 
spurn. sporogenesis (spo-ro-jen'e-sis), . [<NL. spora, 
tporoblast (spo'ro-blast), n. [< NL. spora, gpore) + o r . -yfaeat'c, generation: see genesis.'] 
spore, + Gr. j&.aaT6s, germ.] 1. In hot., Kor- j_ The origination of spores ; spore-formation. 
bert term for merapore. 2. The germ or rudi- _ 2 . Eeproduction by means of spores. Also 
ment of a spore. sporogony. 
Sporobolus (spo-rob'o-lus), n. [NL. (R.Browii, 8p0 rogenous (spo-roj'e-nus), a. [< NL. spora, 
1810), so called with ref. to the seed, which is spore + Gr. -y'm K , producing: see -genous.] 
loose and readily scattered ; < Gr. airopa, ovdpof, 
_. , .__. seed, + pdMeiv, cast forth.] A genus of grasses, 
of minute size, and not of the morphological o f the tribe Agrostidese, type of the subtribe Spo- 
value of a cell, such as one of the microscopic robolex. It is characterized by a diffuse or cylindrical 
bodies into which the substance of many proto- and spike-like^ panicle, generally^containing^veryjiumer- 
zoans is resolved in the process of reproduc- 
tion by sporation ; a sporule ; a gemmule, as of 
a sponge. 3. In biol., an organic body of ex- 
tremely minute size, and not subject to ordi- 
nary classification ; a sporozoid or zo8spore ; 
a living germ, as a seed of certain diseases. 
4. Figuratively, a germ; a seed; a source of 
being. 
The spores of a great many ideas are Hoating about in r TouS > "io'metrmes"inclosed ^^ in "the'ieaf-sheaths'the spike- S noroeonv <> j-roe'6-ni), n. (X 
the atmosphere. 0. W. Bolmcs, Old Vol. of Life, p. 40. lets lometimes minute. They are known in general as ^Te + GT -- ovia < -rovo" pro 
Cellular snore, compound spore. Same as sporfdesm. dropseed-grass, some :as rush-grass (which see). ' 
Reproducing or reproduced by means of spores; 
sporiparous: bearing or producing spores. 
Sporogenous layer, in hymenomycetous fungi, same as 
hymmmm . Sporogenoua tissue, in bot. , the tissue from 
.. . - , e * -- which the spores are developed, 
oils and Vnikll r one flowered spikelete, each with three sporogone (spo'ro-gon), n. [< NL. sporogoni- 
awnless glumes, the flowering glume equal to the others um i j n Do f game as sporogonium. 
sSa^tf^^ 
ma (-a). [< NL. spora, spore, + Gr. yavfi, genera- 
tion.]' In bot., the sporocarp in the Muscinese. 
It is the capsule or "moss-fruit," with its various appen- 
dages, being the whole product of the sexual act, and re- 
maining attached to, but not in organic connection with, 
the plant bearing the sexual organs. See Mvsci, and cut 
under moss. 
NL. spora, 
see 
from the (, , __ ... 
carp, unlike that of most grasses, is a utricle ; other 8] 
cies having the usual caryopsis are sometimes separated as 
a genus VOfa (Beauvois, 1812). There are about 80 species, 
widely scattered through temperate and wanner regions, 
numerous in America, but with only one species, S. pun- 
yens, in Europe. They are commonly perennials, slenderer 
sometimes coarse, the leaves flat or rolled, the panicle va- 
Ceuular spore, compound spore, same as sponaem. " ,.-,,. v,. ...-.., - 
Cystocarplc spore, a carpospore.-Helicold, secon- Sporocarp (spo'ro-karp), n. [< NL. spora, spore, 
- _*_ __.*_,*. fa..~ *U~ ul*juM*Ma *..1+41 AAI A. I n .. / _ f 'A. T T !,* -. _^lw,n11i> STlfirOlfl 
dary, etc.7 spores. See the adjectives. - Multllocular, 
plurilocular, or septate spore. Same as sporidetm. 
spore-capsule (spor'kap'sul), . A sporangi- 
um; a spore-case. 
spore-case (spor'kas), . 1. In bot., the sporan- 
gium, or immediate covering of the spores, of 
cryptogams. 2. In zodl., a spore-capsule. 
spore-cell (spor'sel), . In bot., a spore, or a 
cell which gives rise to a spore. 
spore-formation (sp6r'f6r-ma' / shou), it. In 
biol., the origination of spores; the vital pro- 
[< NL. spora, spore, + 
or procarp in Fungi and Phodophyceat is a sporocarp ; such, 
-ist.~] In bot., a botanist, especially a lichenolo- 
gist, who gives prominence to the spore as a 
ri basis of classification. 
also, is tne sporogonium in Huscinea. The term is also sporont (spo'ront), . [< Gr. oxopd, seed, + uv 
used for the capsule-like structure formed by the indusi- (bvr-), being, ppr. of elvai, be : see ens and be*.] 
0iT 10 siT4^a^ a and a cuts h r.nderT.m/^ M^rsaSi, A gregarine not provided with an epimerite, or 
mildew, and moss. proboscidiform organ which attaches the para- 
[NL., < site to its host: distinguished from cepkalont. 
cess whereby spores are produced, (o) A kind of Sporocarpea (spo-ro-kiir'pe-e), n. pi 
spore-group (spdr/'grOp), 
sporidesm 
In bot., same as 
acterized by the production of sporocarps. See 
cut under ascus. 
spore-plasm (spor'plazm), . In bo t., the pro to- sporocarpium (spo-ro-kar'pi-um), .; pi. sporo- 
plasm of a sporangium that is devoted to the carpia (-a). [NL., < spora, spore, + Gr. napvAf, 
formation of spores. fruit.] In bot., a sporocarp. 
sporert, '. A Middle English form of spurrier. Sporochnaceae (spo-rok-na se-e),n.pl. [< Spa- 
te (spor'sak), . In bot., in mosses, the rochnus + -aceee.] An order of olive-colored 
spore-sac 
sac lining the cavity of the sporangium, which 
contains the spores. 
sporget. A Middle English form of spurge^ and 
spurge^. 
sporid (spor'id), . [< NL. por(f!Mi.] In bot., 
a sporidium. 
seaweeds, of the class Phseosporese, taking its 
cells. The various forms are further distin- 
guished as gonidiophore, sporangiophore, asco- 
pkore, etc. (c) In Archegoniateee, a sporophyte. 
Also called enearpium. Compound sporophore, 
a sporophore formed by the cohesion of the ramifications 
of separate hyphal branches. Filamentous sporo- 
phore. Same as simple sporophore. Simple sporo- 
phore, a sporophore consisting of a single hypha, or 
branch of a hypha. 
name from the genus Sporochnus. The fronds are sporophoric' (spo-ro-for'ik), a. [< sporophore 
cylindrical or tubular, branching, and composed within + -jc.] Having the character of a sporophore. 
spofidesm_(spor'i-dezm), . [< NL. spora, Sporochnus (spo-rok'nus), . 
In ' ' ' 
of elongated cuboidal cells, which become smaller and spor0 phorOUS (spo-rof 6-rus), a. [As SporopJtore 
roundish at the surface ; the fructification is in external 1 " T " > \ V. r-\ V (L M Ji v,ei ' 
scattered sori. The order contains 4 or 5 genera and + -OUS.\ In bot. . (a) bpore-Dei 
or pertaining to the sporophore. 
In bot.: (a) Spore-bearing. (6) Of 
about 2fi species. or pertaining to the sporophore. 
Sporochnus (spo-rok'nus), . [NL. (Agardh, sporophyas (spo-rof'i-as), . [NL. (A. Braun), 
spore, + Gr. '660/0;, a bundle.] In bot., a pluri- 1844), < Gr. airopa, seed, + ^voof, ^voif, down, < spora, spore, + Gr. fivtv, produce.] Same as 
cellular body which becomes free like a spore, bloom.] A genus of olive-colored inarticulate xporopliydium. 
