spring 
lied, and without regard to temperature, because the na- 
ture and quantity of the substances which the water con- 
tains are not by any means entirely dependent on tempera- 
ture, although in general the hotter the water the larger 
the amount of foreign matter likely to be held in solution, 
while a high temperature is undoubtedly in many cases an 
Important element in the therapeutic etlect produced. A 
convenient classification of mineral waters, from the medi- 
cinal point of view, is into (a) indifferent, (ft) earthy, (c) sul- 
phurous, ((/) saline, (e) alkaline, (/) purgative, (g) chalyb- 
eate. Indifferent waters are such as contain but a small 
amount of foreign matter often so little, indeed, that tlu-y 
might well be classed as potable, but they are usually ther- 
mal. Their mode of therapeutic action is not well under- 
stood, and by some the imagination is thought to play an im- 
portant part as a curative agency. Examples of well-known 
and much-visited springs of this class are Schlangen- 
bad in Nassau ; Gastein in Siilzburg ; Teplitz in Bohemia ; 
Plombiercs in France ; Lebanon, New York ; Hot Springs, 
Bath Court House, Virginia ; Clarendon Springs, Vermont ; 
Hot Springs, Arkansas, etc. Earthy waters contain a large 
amount of mineral matter in solution, calcium sulphate 
predominating in quantity. Examples: Leuk, Switzer- 
land ; Bagneres-de-Bigorre, France ; Bath, England ; Sweet 
Springs and Berkeley Springs, West Virginia. Sulphurous 
waters are weak solutions of alkaline sulphurets, the min- 
eral constituents ranging from a few grains to a hundred 
or more in the gallon, and the sulphur from a trace to 4 
parts in 10, 000; some are cold, others hot. Examples: many 
of the most frequented springs of the Pyrenees, as Cau- 
terets, Eaux-Bonnes, Eaux Ohaudes, Bagneres-de-Luchon; 
Aix-la-Chapelle, Prussia; Harrogate, England ; White Sul- 
phur, West Virginia ; and many others. Saline springs : 
these are very numerous, both hot and cold, common salt 
being the predominating ingredient ; but besides this there 
are usually present salts of lime, magnesia, soda, iron, io- 
dine, and bromine. Examples: Kissingen, Bavaria; Wies- 
baden, Baden-Baden, Niederselters, in Germany ; St. Cath- 
erines, Canada ; Saratoga, New York. Alkaline waters : 
these contain salts of soda, potash, lime, and magnesia; 
also, more or less commonly, lithia, strontia, and traces of 
iodine, bromine, fluorin, and arsenic. Examples: Vichy 
in France; Bilin in Bohemia; Heilbrunn, Ems, in Ger- 
many. Purgative waters, containing especially the sul- 
phate of magnesia, and also of soda, often in large quan- 
tity, as in the case of the Piillna water, which has 1,986 
grains to the gallon, mostly sodium and magnesium sul- 
phates. Examples: Sedlitz, Carlsbad, and Piillna, Bohe- 
mia ; Cheltenham and Scarborough, England. Chalybeate 
waters, in which salts of iron are the essential ingredient. 
Examples : Schwalbach, Nassau ; Spa, Belgium ; Pyrmont, 
Germany. 
8. Figuratively, any fount or source of supply. 
Macb. The spring, the head, the fountain of your blood 
Is stopp'd ; the very source of it is stopp'd. 
Macd. Your royal father 'smurder'd. 
5864 / 
A rope extending from some part of a ship 1 to 
another ship, or to a fixed object, to cant or 
move the ship by being hauled upon. ; 14. A 
quick and cheerful tune; a skip. [Obsolete or 
Scotch.] 
We will meet him, 
springe 
the fall, or afford return motion. 4. In a rail- 
road-car, one of two heavy timbers resting on 
the springs of a six-wheel cur-truck, and serv- 
ing to support the bolster-bridges, which, 
through the bolster, support the car-body. 
5. In cnrji., the tie-beam of a truss. 
And strike him such new tjjniuji, aim sucn iree welcomes, aT vriTi(r Knon+^r /.,,, >,'v,r,tn i A /> 
Shall make him scorn an empire. Sprmg-beauty (spung bu ti), . 1. A common 
Fletcher (and another'!). Prophetess, v. 2. American wild flower ot the genus Clai/toniii, 
especially C. I'irginica, a low, succulent herb, 
sending up from a deep-set tuber in early spring 
a simple stem bearing a pair of narrow leaves 
and a loose gradually developing raceme of 
pretty flowers, which are white or rose-colored 
Last night I play'd . . . 
"O'er Bogie was the tepn'u /. 
Ramsay, Gentle Shepherd, i. 1. 
15. In falconry, a collection of teal. 
A spring of teels. Stnttt, Sports and Pastimes, p. 97. 
with deeper veins. See cut under Clautonid. 
Presently surprising a spring of teal. ""'" " CC F" .ciuo. oco cuu uiiuei ^niyivnw. 
Daily Telegraph, Dec. 26, 1S85. (Encyc. Diet.) Tue smaller C. Cnroliiiiaiiit, with spatulate or 
tmospheric,bltuminous,boiling,caballine spring. oval leaves, is more northern except in the 
;e the adjectives. Backlash-spring. See backlaih. mountains. 2. In entom., a beautiful little 
Cspring. See C-*prin<j. Carbonated springs, see cor- butterfly of America, Krortt lieta, which ap- 
bonatev. Compound spring, a spring in which springs nonrK ; a r>rin<r ntiH hoa tliA liiurl -;,,,r^ in tlfo 
ofditferenttypesarecomUned.-Intermittentorinter- ] ng ana nas tne lima wings m tie 
male brown bordered with blue, m the female 
mostly blue. S. H. Scudder. [Recent.] 
Spring-bed (spring'bed), n. 1. A mattress 
formed of spiral springs or a fabric woven of 
coiled spiral wire, set in a wooden frame. 2. 
In a cloth-shearing machine, a long elastic plate 
of steel fastened to the framing of the machine 
in line with the axis of the spring, s'ee cut under offer. to press the fibers of the cloth within the range 
Spring of a beam or of a deck, the curve of a beam or of the cutting edges. 
deckupwardfrom a horizontal fine -Spring of pork, spring-beetle (spnug'be"tl), n. A beetle of 
the lower part of the fore quarter, which is divided from fjTI t'amilv I''lntfriila> an plnrpi" n olinV hootlo 
the neck, and has the leg without the shoulder. =Sm 7. ,,' S n ., ' ' a CUCK-beetle. 
Fountain, etc. Seetretti. See cut under click-beetle. Alsospnngtng-beetle. 
mlttlug spring. See intermittent. Platform-spring, 
a form of spring used for heavy vehicles, consisting of 
four semi-elliptical steel springs arranged as a sort of re- 
silient skeleton platform. -Pneumatic spring, a device 
in which air is confined and made by its elasticity to per- 
form the functions of a spring. It may be a simple air-bag 
or a cylinder with a close-fitting piston, etc. Also called 
II. a. Pertaining to, suitable for, or occur- 8ee spring, ., 10 (6). 
ring or used in the spring of the year: as, spring spring-bell (spring'be 
fashions; spring wheat. Spring canker-worm. "' v - tiixyrincliium gra> 
ring or used in the spring of the year: &s,spring Spring-Dell (spnng'bel), n. A species of rush- 
fashions; spring wheat. Spring canker-worm. '"}' Sixyrinchiiim grandifloruiii. See rush-lily. 
See canker-worm. Spring cress, an American bitter- spring-block (spring'blok), n. 1. Naut., a 
cress, Cardamine rhomboidea, common in wet places, bear- common block or deadeye connected to a ring- 
ing white Mowers in early spring. Spring crocus, an v^i* i ..:_! j_ js* _.v .;_;__ A? 
early crocus, Crocus wrnus, having blue, white, or party- 
colored flowers, perhaps the most common garden spe- 
cies. Spring fare, the first fare of fish taken any year. 
Fishermen make about two fares of cod in a year, and the 
first or spring fare, which commences early in April, is of a 
superior quality. [New England. ] Spring fever. See 
feveri. Spring grinder. See grinder. Spring lob- 
ster. See lobster. 2. Spring mackerel. 
snbwflake. 
bolt by a spiral or india-rubber spring. It Is 
attached to the sheets, so as to give a certain 
amount of elasticity. 2. In a vehicle, a piece 
of wood fixed on the axle as a support for the 
spring. 3. In a car-truck, a distance-piece 
placed above or below an elliptic spring. 
See TTKMjn-- spring-board (spring' bord), n. An elastic 
board used in vaulting, etc. 
9. An elastic body, as 
coiled spirally, a steel 
steel suitably joined togethx., r , .-_-,. ~ 
of india-rubber, etc., which, when bent orforced espinguale, and also espringole, expringarae, es- 
from its natural state, has the power of recov- pixyarde (= Pr. espingala = Sp. Pg. espingarda 
ering it again in virtue of its elasticity. Springs = " spingarda, ML. spingarda), a military en- 
are used for various purposes as for diminishing concus- gi"e, also a dance, < espringuier, espringhier, 
sion as in carriages; for motive power, as in clocks and espringier, espinnuer, espinguier, spring, dance 
watches; for communicating motion by sudden release , L if mrtnnnrr * nunnrr \ ilr Lv,A,,t1 t nw 
from a state of tension, as a bow, the spring of a gun-lock . ' *P nn ff a t sptngare, lack about), < OHO. 
etc.; for measuring weight and other force, as in the spnngan, spring, jump: see spnng.] A mih- 
spring-balance; as regulators to control the movement of 
wheel-works, etc. 
tary engine, resembling the ballista, used in 
Europe in the middle ages. 
Eke withynne the castelle were 
Spryngoldet, gunnes, and bows, archers. 
Rom. qfthe Role, L 4191. 
To the trunk again, and shut the spring of it 
Shah., Cymbeline, ii. 2. 47. 
10. In entom., a special elastic organ by which 
an insect is enabled to spring into the air. (a) Springar-',Springald 2 (spring'al,-ald),M. [Also 
The springmg-organ of species of the family Podurida. springel, springall, sjmngold, springow, < sprin,/ 
It consists of several bristle-hke appendages at the end of . a f rf> ' e quiv. to -ar<l (the word being then 
perhaps suggested by springat 1 , springald 1 ), or 
else + -al, equiv. to -el, -le, AS. -ol, as in E. 
brittle, tieiefangle, etc. Cf . spring, n.,5, springer, 
1 (6).] A young person; a youth; especially, a 
young man. [Obsolete or Scotch.] 
A Springald, adolescens. 
Levim, Manip. Vocab. (E. E. T. S.X p. 16. 
Ha, well done ! excellent boy ! dainty, fine springal! 
Middleton, More Dissemblers Besides Women, v. 1. 
appendagi 
the abdomen, which are united at their bases and bent 
under the body. In leaping, the end of the abdomen is first 
bent down and then suddenly extended, bringing the elas- 
tic bristles with great force against the ground. See cut 
under springtail. (6) The springing-organ of a skipjack 
beetle, or elater. It consists of a spine extending back- 
ward from the prosternum and received in a cavity of the 
mesosternum. When the insect is placed on its back, it 
extends the prothorax so as to bring the spine to the edge 
of the mesosternal cavity; then, suddenly relaxing the 
muscles, the spine descends violently into the cavity, and 
the force given by this sudden movement causes the base 
ist the supporting 
11. Any active or motive power, physical or 
mental ; that by which action is produced or 
propagated; motive. 
Self-love, the spring of motion, acts the soul. 
Pope, Essay on Man, ii. 59. 
12. Capacity for springing; elastic power; 
elasticity, either physical or mental. 
Heav'ns ! what a spring was in his arm ! Dryden. 
Th' elastic spring of an unwearied foot 
That mounts the stile with ease, or leaps the fence. 
Cowper, Task, i. 135. 
? rt ^ e with springardt (spring'ard), . Same as springa/l. 
ir - See cut spring-back (spring'bak), . In bookbinding, 
back put on the sewed sections of a 
:, which springs upward when the book is 
opened flat, but returns to its proper position 
when the book is closed. The outer or true back 
does not change its outward curve, being kept stiff on li- 
brary books by sheets of stiff paper, in large blank books 
by molded pasteboard or sheets of thin steel. 
Spring-balance (spring'bal' 7 ans), n. See bal- 
ance. 
spring-band (spring'band), n. In a vehicle, a 
loop or strap used to unite the arms of an el- 
Spriotfbolt {(jaxrila tufhorij. 
from its agility in springing upward when 
alarmed or as it scours the plain in escaping 
from its pursuers. It is of lithe and graceful form and 
handsome coloration, in which a rich tawny brown is va- 
ried with pure-white and black. Also spring-boc, spring- 
buck, sprink-buck, and springer. 
spring-box (spring'boks), M. 1. The box which 
contains the mainspring of a watch or other 
mechanism; the barrel. 2. A box or some 
similar receptacle closed by a lid which opens 
or shuts by the elasticity of a spring or some 
similar device. See palpal. 3. In upholstery. 
13. Naut.: (a) The start, as of a plank; an spring-bar (spring'bar), n. In a vehicle, abar the wooden frame within which' the springs, as 
opening in a seam ; a leak. 
Each petty hand 
Can steer a ship becalmed ; but he that will 
Govern and carry her to her ends must know _ _ 
=r sprigs are, her leaks ^and how ^to > stop , 'em. readling across a wioie space, without aWtral spring-carriage (spring'kar"aj), n. A wheeled 
, M , n me, m.i. support. 2. In ship-building, a fore-and-aft carriage mounted upon springs. 
w^M^r rd ' run " ln /W>quf- timber uniting the outer ends of the paddle-box spring-cart (spring'kart), n. A light cart 
nsversely (c) A hue made fast to the beams, and carrying the outboard shaft-bearing, mounted upon springs. 
3ador q s l i rtopullthe 3. An elastic bar at the top of a tilt-hammer, springe 1 (sprinj), v. t.; pret. and pp. spmi,/ed. 
a any Kauired direction. (d\ jig-saw, or mortising-machine, to accelerate ppr.fpringeing. {<M.E.s^ren ff en,<AS.sprengan, 
-, - , i -o -. , 
upon the ends of which the body is supported, of a mattress or of the seat of a sofa, are con- 
It lies parallel with the axle, and rests upon tained. 
the center of the elliptic spring. spring-buck (spring'buk), . Same as spriiig- 
sprmg-beam (spring'bem), n. 1. A beam lok. Imp. Diet. 
** 
any required direction, (d) 
