stand 
First dip me in a stand o' milk, 
And then in n stand o' water. 
The Young Tamlane (Child's Ballads, I. 122). 
Here, Will Perkins, take my purse, fetch me 
A stand of ale, and set in the market-place, 
That all may drink thut are athirst this day. 
Greene, George-a-Greene (Works, ed. Uyce, II. 200). 
Band-stand, a balcony or raised platform in a hall or 
park for the accommodation of a band or company of mu- 
sicians. Brazier-stand, a stand, usually consisting of a 
ring mounted on three feet, to support a brazier. Con- 
ducting-stand, a rack or frame of wood or metal for 
holding a score for the conductor of a chorus or an orches- 
tra. Grand stand, in any place of public resort, the 
principal stand from which spectators view races, games, 
or any other spectacle. 
We . . . will follow Mr. Egremont to the grand stand, 
where ladies now sit in their private boxes much as they 
sat some eighteen hundred years ago to smile on the dying 
gladiator in the amphitheatres. 
Whyte Melville, White Rose, II. iv. 
Stand of ammunition. See ammunition. Stand of 
armor, stand of arms, a suit of armor and weapons 
taken together, or, in modern times, the arms and accou- 
trements sufficient for one man. See arm'', n. Stand 
Of colors, a single color or flag. Wtthelm. To be at a 
Stand, to be brought to a standstill ; be checked and pre- 
vented from motion or action. To get a Stand. See 
the quotation. 
Occasionally these panic fits . . . make them [buffalo] 
run together and stand still in a stupid, frightened man- 
ner. . . . When they are made to act thus it is called in 
hunters' parlance getting a stand on them ; and often thirty 
or forty have been killed in one such stand, the hunter 
hardly shifting his position the whole time. 
T. Roosevelt, Hunting Trips, p. 274. 
To make a stand, (a) To come to a stop ; stand still. 
When I beheld this hill, and how it hangs over the way, 
I suddenly made a stand, lest it should fall on my head. 
Bunyan, Pilgrim's Progress, p. 95. 
(6) To take a position for defense or resistance ; stop and 
fight. To put to a stand, to stop : arrest by obstacles or 
difficulties : as, he was put to a stand for want of men and 
money. 
standaget (stan'daj), n. [< stand + -aye.] If. 
A stall. 
Such strawe is to bee given to the draughte oxen and 
cattell at the standaxe [read standage] or the barnedores. 
Archeeologia, XIII. 383. 
2. In mining, a place underground for water to 
stand or accumulate in ; a lodge or sump. 
standard 1 (stan'dard), H. [Early mod. E. also 
standerd; < ME. standard, standerd, standard, 
< late AS. standard (= MD. standaerd, D. stan- 
daard = N.LG. stanthart, LG. standare = MHG. 
standert, stanthart, G. standarte (perhaps < It. ) = 
Sw. standar = Dan. standart), < OF. estandart, 
estendard, an ensign, standard, a point of rally- 
ing, F. ttendard, an ensign, standard, flag, = 
Pr. estandard, estandart = Sp. estandarte = It. 
stendardo, an ensign, standard (cf. OF. estan- 
dal, estandcille, standale = It. stendale, an en- 
sign); ML. standardum, an ensign, standard 
(cf. standardus, a stronghold, a receptacle of 
water): (a) either < OHG. stantan (MHG. stan- 
den), stand, = E. stand, etc., + -art, or (6) < 
ML. *stendere (It. stendere= OF. estendre, etc.), 
< L. extendere, spread out, extend: see extend. 
The connection with stand is certain in the other 
uses: see standard?, standard?.] 1. Milit.,&dis- 
tinctive flag; an ensign. Specifically (a) The prin- 
cipal ensign of an army, of a military organization such as 
a legion, or of a military chieftain of high rank. In this 
sense it may be either a flag or a solid object carried on 
a pole, as the Roman eagle, or the dragon shown in the 
Bayeusr Tapestry, or a combination of a flag with such an 
object, (b) A large flag, long in the fly in proportion to 
its hoist, carried before princes and nobles of high rank, 
especially when in military command or on occasions of 
ceremony. A standard of Edward III. was shaped like a 
long pennon, swallow-tailed, and bearing the royal arms 
at the hoist> the rest of the pennon being covered with 
fleurs-de-lis and lions sem<. A standard of the Earl of 
Warwick, carried during the Wars of the Roses, had a cross 
of St. George, with the rest of the flag covered with small 
copies of the badge of the Nevilles, a bear and ragged 
staff. At the present time the word is used loosely. The 
so-called royal standard of Great Britain, though a stan- 
dard in function, is properly a banner in form. The flags 
of the British cavalry regiments are called standards, to 
distinguish them from the colorsot the infantry regiments. 
In the United States army a silk standard goes to every 
mounted regiment; it bears the national arms on a blue 
ground, with the number and name of the regiment under- 
neath the eagle. See cut under labarum. 
2. In hot., same as banner, 5. 3. In ornith.: 
(a) Same as vexillum. (b) A feather suggesting 
a standard by its shape or position. See cuts 
under Semioptera and standard-bearer. 4f. A 
standard-bearer; an ensign or ancient. [Rare.] 
Thou shall be my lieutenant, monster, or my standard 
Shak., Tempest, iii. 2. 18. 
To slope the standard. See slope. 
Standard 2 (stan'dard), . and a. [< ME. "stan- 
dard, < OF. estandart, estendard, also (AF.) 
estander, ML. (AL.) standardum, standard of 
weight and measure; appar. a particular use 
5900 
danfl, standard 3 .] I. . 1. A weight, measure, 
or instrument by comparison with which the 
accuracy of others is determined ; especially, an 
original standard or prototype, one the weight 
or measure of which is the definition of a unit of 
weight or measure, so that all standards of the 
same denomination are copies of it. The only 
original standard of the United States is a troy 
pound. Boo pound, yard, nutcr. 
It is ... necessary to have recourse to some visible, 
palpable, material standard, by forming a comparison 
with which all weights and measures may be reduced to 
one uniform size. Blackstune, Com., I. vii. 
2. In coinage, the proportion of weight of fine 
metal and alloy established by authority. The 
standard of gold coins in Great Britain is at present 
22 carats that is, 22 parts of fine gold and 2 of alloy ; 
and the sovereign should weigh 123.274 grains troy. The 
standard of silver coins is 11 ounces 2 pennyweights of 
pure silver and 18 pennyweights of alloy, making toge- 
ther 1 pound troy; and the shilling should weigh 87.273 
grains. The gold and silver coins in current use in the 
United States are all of the fineness 900 parts of the 
precious metal in 1,000, the gold dollar weighing 25.8 
grains, and the silver dollar 412.5 grains. 
That precise weight and fineness, by law appropriated 
to the pieces of each denomination, is called the stan- 
dard. Locke, Considerations concerning Raising 
[the Value of Money. 
3. That which is set up as a unit of reference; 
a form, type, example, instance, or combina- 
tion of conditions accepted as correct and per- 
fect, and hence as a basis of comparison; a 
criterion established by custom, public opinion, 
or general consent ; a model. 
Let the judgment of the judicious be the standard of 
thy merit. Sir T. Browne, Christ. Mor., IL 8. 
Let the French and Italians value themselves on their 
regularity ; strength and elevation are our standard. 
Dryden, Epic Poetry. 
The degree of differentiation and specialization of the 
parts in all organic beings, when arrived at maturity, is 
the best standard as yet suggested of their degree of per- 
fection or highness. Darwin, Origin of Species, p. 313. 
[The respiratory act) ranging, during the euccessive pe- 
riods of life, from 44 respirations per minute in the infant 
soon after birth, to the average standard of 18 respiratory 
acts in the adult aged from thirty to sixty years. 
J. M. Carnochan, Operative Surgery, p. 126. 
Measuring other persons' actions by the standards our 
own thoughts and feelings furnish often causes miscon- 
struction. H. Spencer, Study of Sociol., p. 114. 
grees of attainment according to which the 
pupils are classified. The amount of the parliamen- 
tary grant to a school depends on the number of children 
who pass the examination conducted by government in- 
spectorsthe rate per pupil differing in the different 
standards. 
Every boy in the seventh and sixth stanitards would have 
held out his hand, as they had been well drilled on that 
subject. S. and Q., 7th ser., Vm. 51. 
Average standard, in copper-mining. See average^. 
Double standard, a monetary standard based upon both 
gold and silver as the materials of the circulating medium, 
as distinguished from a single standard based upon either 
gold or silver. Dutch standard, a set of samples of 
sugar put up in bottles bearing the official seal and label 
of the Dutch government (whence the name), and recog- 
nized as the standard of the commercial world in fixing 
the quality of sugars. The set comprises 16 different 
grades, numbered, according to the different colors of the 
samples, from 5 (the darkest color) to 20 (the most refined) 
inclusive. The quality of the sugar to be tested is deter- 
mined by comparison with the samples or the standard, 
and the sugar is named accordingly as No. 10, 18, etc., 
Dutch standard. Gold standard, a monetary standard 
based upon gold as the material of the unit of value. Me- 
tallic Standard, a gold or silver standard. Multiple 
standard, a monetary standard representing a consider- 
able number of important articles in frequent use, the 
fluctuations in their value neutralizing one another and 
thus causing a substantial uniformity of value among them. 
Mural standard, any standard set up on a wall, as, 
for instance, a standard of measurement for convenience 
in testing rules, tapes, measuring-chains, etc. Photo- 
metric standard. See photometric. Silver standard, 
a monetary standard based upon silver as the material of 
the monetary unit Single standard. See double stan- 
dard. Tabular standard. Same as multiple standard. 
II. a. Serving as a standard or authority ; re- 
garded as a type or model ; hence, of the high- 
est order ; of great worth or excellence. 
In comely Rank call ev'ry Merit forth ; 
Imprint on every Act its Standard Worth. 
Prior, Carmen Seculare for the Year 1700. 
The proved discovery of the forgery of Ingulfs History 
of Crowland Abbey was a fact that necessitated the revi- 
sion of every standard book on early English History. 
Sttibbs, Medieval and Modern Hist., p. 46. 
Latlmer-Clark standard cell. See cell, a. Standard 
arrow, an arrow used in the latter part of the fifteenth 
century, and probably the heavier arrow conformed to 
certain regulations : it is distinguished from the Mght- 
arrow. Standard battery, a battery in which the elec- 
tromotive force is perfectly constant, so that it can be used 
as a standard. Standard compass. See compass. 
Standard pitch. See pitchi, 3.- standard solution, 
a standardized solution (which see, under solutimi).- 
Standard star, a star whose position and proper motion 
is particularly well known, and on that account is recom- 
standard-bearer 
mended for use in determining the positions of other 
stars, instrumental constants, time, latitude, and the like. 
Standard time, the reckoning of time according to 
the local mean time on the nearest or other conventicmid- 
ly adopted meridian just an even number of hours from 
the Greenwich Royal Observatory. See Him' 
Standard 2 (stau'dard), r. t. [< standard*, n.] 
To bring into conformity with a standard; regu- 
late according to a standard. 
To standard gold or silver is to convert the gross weight 
of either metal, whose fineness differs from the standard, 
into its equivalent weight of standard metal. 
BitheU, Counting-House Diet. (Encyc. Diet.) 
standard 3 (stan'dard), . and a. [Early mod. 
E. also stainln-d, tUHUUrt; < ME. "standard (f), 
< MD. standaerd, a post, pillar, column, mill- 
post, trophy (cf. OF. estandart, a kind of torch, 
<D.); a var., conformed to standaerd, an en- 
sign, etc., ofstander, a post, mill-post, etc. : see 
stander. The E. standard 3 is thus a var. of stand- 
er, with various senses, mostly modern. It has 
been more or less confused with standard 1 and 
standard?.] I. n. 1. An upright; a small post 
or pillar; an upright stem constituting the sup- 
port or the main part of a utensil. Specifically 
(o) The upright support or stem of a lamp or candlestick ; 
hence, also, a candlestick ; especially, a candelabrum rest- 
ing on the floor in a church. 
Doppione, a great torch of waxe, which we call a stan- 
dard, or a quarrier. Fiona (ed. 1611). 
inverted knee placed on the deck instead of beneath it 
(d) That part of a plow to which the mold-board is at- 
tached, (e) In a vehicle : (1) A support for the hammer- 
cloth, or a support for the footman's board. See cut under 
coach. (2) An upright rising from the end of the bolster 
to hold the body laterally. E. H. Knight. 
alone, without being attached to any wall or 
support, as distinguished from an espalier or a 
cordon. 
The espaliers and the standards all 
Are thine ; the range of lawn and park. 
Tennyson, The Blackbird. 
(6) A shrub, as a rose, grafted on an upright 
stem, or trained to a single stem in tree form. 
Standards of little bushes pricked upon their top, . . . 
the standards to be roses, juniper, holly, berberries. 
Bacon, Gardens (ed. 1887). 
carrying plate, jewels, and articles of value, 
but sometimes for linen. 
Item, the said Anne shall have two rtandord-chestes 
delivered unto her for the keeping of the said diaper, the 
one to keep the cleane stuff, and th' other to keep the 
stuff that hath been occupied. 
Ordinances and Regulations, p. 215. (HattiweU.) 
The Standard, which was of mason work, costly made 
with images and angels, costly gilt with gold and azure, 
with other colours, and divers sorts of [coats of J arms cost- 
ly set out, shall there continue and remain ; and within 
the Standard a vice with a chime. 
Coronation of Queen Anne, Wife of Henry VIII., in Arber'a 
[Eng. Garner, II. 49. 
5. A standing cup ; a large drinking-cnp. 
Frolic, my lords ; let all the standards walk ; 
Ply it, till every man hath ta'en his load. 
Greene and Lodge, Looking Glass for Lond. and Eng. 
6f. The chief dish at a meal. 
For a standard, vensoun rost, kyd, favne, or cony. 
Babees Book (E. E. T. S.), p. 166. 
7t. A suit; a set. Compare stand, n., 11. 
The lady had commanded a standard of her own best 
apparel to be brought down. B. Jonson, New Inn, Arg. 
8t. One who stands or continues in a place ; 
one who is in permanent residence, member- 
ship, or service. 
The ncklenesse and fugitivenesse of such servants 
justly addeth a valuation to their constancy who are stan- 
dards in a family, and know when they have met with a 
good master. Fuller, General Worthies, xi. 
Gas-Standard, a gas-fixture standing erect and of con- 
siderable size, as one which stands on the floor, common 
in the lighting of churches, public halls, etc. 
II. a. Standing; upright; specifically, in 
hort., standing alone; not trained upon a wall 
or other support : as, standard roses. 
Rich gardens, studded with standard fruit-trees, . . . 
clothe the glacis to its topmost edge. 
Kimjdey, Two Years Ago, xxiii. 
Standard lamp. See tampi. 
Standard-bearer (stan'dard-bar'er), n. 1. An 
officer or soldier of an army, company, or troop 
who bears a standard : used loosely and rhetori- 
cally: as, the standard-bearer of a political party. 
King James, notwithstanding, maintained a Fight still 
with great Resolution, till Sir Adam Forman his Standard- 
bearer was beaten down. Baker, Chronicles, p. 260. 
2. An African caprimulgine bird of either of 
the genera Macrodipteryx and Cosmetornis; a 
pennant-winged goatsucker. M. longipennii has 
