steam-kettle 
steam for heating is usually applied by induction to a 
steam-jacket surrounding the sides and inclosing the bot- 
tom of the kettle. 
steam-kitchen (stem'kich'en), . AD appara- 
tus for cooking by steam, 
steam-launch (Btem'ltaoh), . See launch. 
steam-motor (stem'm6"tor), . A steam-engine. 
steam-navigation (stem"'nav-i-ga"shon), H. 
The art of applying the power of steam to the 
propulsion of boats and vessels ; the art of navi- 
gating steam-vessels. 
steam-nawy (stem'nav"i), . A digging-ma- 
chine or excavator actuated by steam. 
Steam-organ (stem'6r"gan), n. Same as cal- 
liope, 2. 
steam-oven (stem'uv"n), . An oven heated 
by steam at high pressure. 
steam-packet (stem'pak"et), n. A packet pro- 
pelled oy steam. Compare packet, n., 2. 
steam-pan (stem'pan), n. A vessel with a dou- 
ble bottom forming a steam-chamber. See vac- 
uum-pan. 
steam-pipe (stem'pip), . Any pipe in which 
steam is conveyed. Specifically (o) A pipe which 
leads from a boiler to an engine, pan, tank, etc., or from the 
boiler to a condenser or to the open air. (&) In a steam- 
heating or -drying apparatus or system, a name given to 
any one of the steam-supply pipes, in contradistinction to 
the corresponding return-pipe through which water of 
condensation is returned to the boiler. 
steam-plow (stem'plou), n. A gang-plow de- 
signed to be drawn by a wire rope, and operated 
by steam-power. Such a plow has usually eight shares 
arranged in a frame, four pointing in one direction and 
four in the other. The frame is balanced on a pair of 
wheels in the center, and forms an angle in the middle, so 
that when one half the plows are in use the others are 
raised above the ground. Steam-plows are used with either 
one or two engines. If with two engines, the plow is 
drawn forward and backward between them, each en- 
gine being advanced the width of the furrows after each 
passage of the plow. If one engine only is used, snatch- 
blocks and movable anchors are employed to hold the 
rope, the anchors being automatically advanced after 
each passage of the plow. Traction-engines also have been 
used to drag plows. See anchor, porter^, and plow. 
Steam-port (stem'port), . 1. In a slide-valve 
steam-engine, the name given to each of two 
oblong passages from the steam-chest to the in- 
side of the cylinder, which afford passage to the 
steam to and from the cylinder, and act alter- 
nately as an induction-port and an eduction- 
port. See cut under slide-valve. 2. A passage 
for steam into or out of any inclosure. 
steam-power (stem'pou"er), . The power of 
steam applied to move machinery or produce 
any other result. 
Steam-press (stem'pres), H. A press actuated by 
steam-power acting directly or intermediately; 
specifically, a printing-press worked by steam. 
Steam-printing (stern 'printing), n. Printing 
done by machinery moved by steam, as opposed 
to printing by hand-labor on hand-presses. 
Steam-propeller (stem'pro-peFer), H. Same 
as screw propeller (which see, under screw 1 ). 
Steam-pump (stem'pump), . See pump 1 and 
vacuum-pump. 
Steam-radiator (stem'ra'di-a-tor), w. A nest 
or collection of iron pipes in ranks or coils, 
through which steam is passed to heat a room, 
etc. See cuts under radiator. 
Steam-ram (stem'ram), n. See ram%, 2. 
Steam-regulator (stern'reg^u-la-tor), n. See 
regulator, 2. 
steam-room (stem'rom), n. In a steam-engine, 
etc., the space which is occupied by steam. 
Steamship (stem'ship), n. A ship propelled by 
steam. 
steam-space (stem'spas), w. A space occupied, 
or designed to be occupied, by steam only ; par- 
ticularly, in a steam-boiler, the space allowed 
above the water-line for holding a quantity of 
steam. 
Steam-table (stem'ta'bl), n. 1. A bench or 
table fitted with shallow steam-tight tanks: 
used in restaurants, etc., to keep cooked dishes 
warm. 2. A tabular arrangement of data re- 
lating to steam-pressures, temperatures, and 
quantities of heat. 
Steam-tank (stem'tangk), . A chamber or in- 
closed vessel in which materials of any kind are 
treated either by direct contact with steam or 
with steam-heat by means of pipes coiled in the 
tank or a steam-jacket. Such tanks are used in 
many industries, and are made in many forms, as for steam- 
ing wood, paper-stock, lard, etc. See rendering-tat* 
steam-tight (stem'tit), . Capable of resisting 
the passage of steam, as a joint in a steam- 
pipe. 
Steam-toe (stem'to), n. In a steam-engine, a 
projection on a lifting-rod, which is raised by it 
through the action of a cam, tappet, or wiper. 
5922 
steam-trap (stem'trap), n. A contrivance for 
permitting the passage of water of condensa- 
tion out of pipes, radiators, steam-engine cyl- 
inders, etc., while preventing that of steam. 
Steam-tug (stem'tug), . A steamer used fol- 
lowing ships, boats, rafts, fishing-nets, oyster- 
dredges, etc. Such vessels are furnished with engines 
very powerful in proportion to the size of their hulls, and 
usually carry only sufficient coal for short trips. Steam- 
tug heart-murmur, the combination of an aortic re- 
gurgitant with an aortic obstructive murmur. 
steam-valve (stem'valv), . A valve which 
controls the opening of a steam-pipe or steam- 
port. 
steam- vessel (stem' vessel), n. Same as steam- 
ship. 
steam-wagon (stem'wag"on), . Same a,si>ttiini- 
i-urriage. 
steam-wheel (stem'hwel), . A rotary steam- 
engine. See steam-engine. 
steam-whistle (stem'hwis'l), n. A sounding 
device connected with the boiler of a steam- 
Steam-whistles. 
Fig. i is the simplest form of steam-whistle, with adjustable lever v, 
whicn acts on the valve x, its motion being limited by a stop-pin at w. 
Steam passes through a pipe connected at / when the valve x is 
opened. The steam issues through openings in the base_v, and, pass- 
ing over the lower edge of the bell u. causes a powerful vibration 
producing the sound, the pitch of which depends upon the length of 
the bell. Fig. a is a chime-whistle consisting of three bells, t.J, *, 
tuned to emit the common chord or some inversion of it. It receives 
steam at /, and by branches m, n, together with /, distributes it to 
the several bases y. Fig. 3 is a piston-whistle. Its base y and bell 
r operate as described for the other whistles, the steam entering at /. 
The tone of the whistle is changed by moving up and down the piston 
s by means of the stem q . 
engine, either stationary, locomotive, or ma- 
rine, for the purpose of announcing hours of 
work, signaling, etc. 
steam-Winch (stem' winch), . A form of winch 
or hoisting-apparatus in which rotatory mo- 
tion is imparted to the winding axle from the 
piston-rod of a steam-engine, directly, or in- 
directly by means of bevel-gearing, the direct 
action giving most rapidity, the indirect most 
power. 
steam-worm (stem'werm), H. A spiral steam- 
coil. Such coils are nsed in tanks for heating liquids, as 
tan-liquor in tanneries, water in laundries, dye-works, 
etc., the liquid being placed in the tank enveloping the 
coil, while steam is passed through the latter. They are 
also used in some forms of calorimeter. 
steamy (ste'mi), a. [< steam + -y 1 .] Consist- 
ing of or abounding in steam; resembling 
steam; vaporous; misty. 
The bubbling and loud hissing urn 
Throws up a steamy column. Cowper, Task, iv. 39. 
I found an evening hour in the steamy heat of the Ha- 
ram equal to half a dozen afternoons. 
B. F. Burton, El-Medinah, p. 272. 
steam-yacht (stem'yot), H. A yacht propelled 
by steam, or by steam and sails. 
stean. See steen 1 , steeift, stone. 
steaning, . See steening. 
steapsin (step'sin), . A ferment of the pan- 
creatic secretion which to some extent resolves 
fats into fatty acids and glycerin. 
stearate (ste'a-rat), n. [< stear(ic) + -ate 1 .'] 
A salt of stearic acid. The neutral stearates 
of the alkalis are soaps. 
stearic (ste-ar'ik), . [Irreg. for 'steatic, < Gr. 
orfap (oTfor-), stiff fat, tallow, suet: see steatite.'] 
Of or pertaining to suet or fat ; obtained from 
stearin Stearic add, C 18 H 36 O2, a monobasic acid, 
forming brilliant white scaly crystals. It is inodorous, 
tasteless, insoluble in water, but soluble in alcohol and 
ether. It burns like wax, and is used for making candles. 
Its compounds with the alkalis, earths, and metallic oxids 
are called gtearates. Stearic acid exists in combination with 
glycerin as stearin, in beef- and mutton-fat, and in several 
vegetable fats, such as the butter of cacao. It is obtained 
from stearin by saponification and decomposition by an 
acid of the soap formed, and also from mutton-suet by a 
similar process. 
Stearin (ste'a-rin), n. [< stear(ic) + -<'2.] 1. 
An ether or glyceride, C 3 H 5 O 3 (C 1S H 35 O 2 ) 3 , 
Steatornithidse 
formed by the combination of stearic acid and 
glyceri u . When crystallized it forms white pearly scales, 
soft to the touch but not greasy, and odorless and taste- 
less when pure. It is insoluble in water, but soluble in 
hot alcohol and ether. When treated with superheated 
steam it is separated into stearic acid and glycerin, anl 
when boiled with alkalis is saponified that is, the stearic 
acid corallines with the alkali, forming soap, and glycerin 
is separated. When melted it resembles wax. There are 
three stearins, which may all be regarded as derivatives of 
glycerin in which one, two, or three OH groups are replaced 
by the radical stearyl. Natural stearin is the tristearyl de- 
rivative of glycerin. It is the chief Ingredient in suet, 
tallow, and the harder fats, and may be prepared by re- 
peated solution in ether and crystallization. Candle-pitch, 
chandlers' gum, or residuary gum, used in the manufacture 
of roofing-cements, Is a by-product of this manufacture. 
2. A popular name for stearic acid as used in 
making candles Lard-stearin, the residue left after 
the expression of the oil from lard. 
Stearinery (ste'a-rin-er-i), n. [< stearin + 
-ery.] The process of making stearin from 
animal or vegetable fats ; the manufacture of 
stearin or stearin products. 
stearone (ste'a-r6n), n. [< stear(ie) + -one.] 
A substance (C 3 5H 70 O) obtained by the partial 
decomposition of stearic acid. It is a volatile 
liquid, and seems to be stearic acid deprived 
of two equivalents of carbonic acid. 
Stearoptene (ste-a-rop'ten), H. [Irreg. < Gr. 
areap, stiff fat, tallow, suet, + Trr^'of, winged 
(volatile).] The solid crystalline substance 
separated from any volatile oil on long stand- 
ing or at low temperatures. See elseoptene. 
Stearyl (ste'a-ril), n. [< stear(if) + -yl.] The 
radical of stearic acid (Cigf^O). 
Steatin (ste'a-tin), n. Same as steatiinim. 
Steatinum (s'te-a-ti'num), n. [NL., < Gr. arcan- 
vov, neut. of orranvof, of or pertaining to tallow 
or suet,< areap (arcar-), stiff fat, tallow, suet: see 
steatite.] A name given to certain pharmaceu- 
tical preparations similar, to cerates, but con- 
taining considerable tallow Steatinum iodo- 
formi. Steatinum composed of mutton-tallow 18 parts, ex- 
pressed oil of nutmeg 2 parts, powdered iodoform 1 part. 
Steatite (ste'a-tit), . [= F. steatite, < L. stea- 
titis, < Gr. arcarirw, used only as equiv. to 
orfdnvof, aratrtpaf, of dough made of flour of 
spelt, < areap (orcor-), also ortiap, also contr. 
on//} (with rare gen. arijpof, also arair-), stiff fat, 
tallow, suet, also dough made of flour of spelt, 
prob. < laravat (/ ora), cause to stand, fix : see 
stand.] Soapstone : an impure massive variety 
of talc. Also called potstone. 
Steatitic (ste-a-tit'ik), a. [< steatite + -ic.~] Of 
or pertaining to steatite or soapstone ; made of 
steatite. 
Steatogenous (ste-a-toj'e-nus), a. [< Gr. creep 
(arear-), fat, + -^n^f, producing: see -genotis.] 
Tending to produce steatosis (see steatosis, 2): 
as, steatogenous processes. 
Steatoma (ste-a-to'mS), . ; pi. steatomata (-ma- 
ta). [< Gr. are aru/ia" a kind of fatty tumor, "< 
areap (arear-), fat, tallow, suet.] A lipoma. 
steatomatous (ste-a-tom'a-tus), a. [< steato- 
ma(t-) + -ous.] Of the nature of a steatoma. 
steatopyga (ste'a-to-pi'gii), w. [NL.,< Gr. areap 
(arear-), fat, tallow, suet, + ttvji/, the rump.] 
An accumulation of fat on the buttocks of cer- 
tain Africans, especially Hottentot women. 
SteatOpygOUS (ste"a-to-pl'gus), a. [< NL. stea- 
topyga + -ous.] Affected with or characterized 
by steatopyga ; having enormously fat buttocks. 
R. F. Burton, El-Medinah, p. 60. 
steatopygy (ste'a-to-pi-ji), n. [< steatopyg-ous 
+ -y 3 .] 1 lie development of steatopyga, or the 
state of being steatopygous. Jour. Anthron. 
Inst., XVIII. 17. 
Steatornis (ste-a-tor'nis), n. [NL. (Humboldt, 
1817), < Gr. areap (arear-), fat, tallow, suet, + 6p- 
vif, a bird.] The representative genus of Stea- 
tornitliidee. The only species is S. caripensis, the gua- 
charo or oil-bird of South America, found from Venezuela 
to Peru, and also in Trinidad, of f rugivorous and nocturnal 
habits. The bird resembles and Is usually classed with 
the goatsuckers. It is so fat that the natives prepare from 
it a kind of oil used for butter. See cut under guacharo. 
steatornithic (ste'a-tor-nith'ik), a. Having 
the characters of Steatornis. 
Steatornithidse (ste'a-tor-nith'i-de), ti.pl. 
[NL., < Steatornis (-ornitli-) + -iilee.] A fam- 
ily of picarian birds, represented by the genus 
Steatornis. It is related to the Caprimtilgid, and is 
often associated with them, but differs in many impor- 
tant characters, and in some respects approaches the owls. 
The sternum has a single notch on each side behind. The 
palate is desmognathous, with united maxillopalatines 
and peculiarly shaped palatines. There are basipterygoid 
processes, and the rostrum of the skull is compressed. 
The second pectoral muscle is small, and the femoro- 
caudal is wanting. The syrinx is entirely bronchial, and 
hence paired. The oil-gland is very large. The plumage 
is not aftershafted, and the rectrices are ten. There is 
only one genus and one species. See cut under yuacharo. 
