steel 
5924 
see bronze,!. Steel hat. Same as chapel-de-fer. Steel steelmaster(stermas"ter), n. A manufacturer 
,. . 
rail. Seeratfi. Steel saddle, the saddle of the man- 
The Engineer IJLIX 'i43 
' ' -" >ljA . IA - " 
. . , 
at-arms in the middle ages, having the bow and sometimes , T,'n , fl- - >j .- 
the pommel guarded with st jel.- Steel toys, among Steel-mill (stel mil), H. A contrivance for 
manufacturers, small articles, such as corkscrews, buckles, 
button-hooks, and boot-hooks, when made of polished 
steel.- Steel trap. See trapi. 
Steel 1 (stel), v. t. [< ME. stelcn, slileii, < AS. 
"slijlan (= D. .stafc/i = MLG. stn/i-ii, altli-ii = G. 
stahlen = Ieel.stfela), make hard like steel; from 
the noun.] 1. To tit with steel, as by point- 
ing, edging, overlaying, electroplating, or the Steel-ore (stel or), A name given to various 
1:1?' se' e ]roll oreg au( i esueeiallv to SDatlnc iron fside- 
giving light, in use previous to the invention 
of the safety-lamp, in English coal-mines in- 
fested with lire-damp. It consisted of a disk of steel 
which was made to revolve rapidly, n Hint being held 
against it, from which a shower of sparks was given off 
and n feeble liuiii furnished. This method of obtaining 
light was for a time quite popular. 
steenbok 
equiv. early mod. E. stelleere, supposed to stand 
for .ilillrr or *steller (= G. ntcllcr, regulator) : see 
Htilli-ri. The word seems to have been confused 
wit \\Nteelyard 1 , and is generally explained, with- 
out evidence, as orig. the balance orweight used 
by the merchants of the Steelyard.] A kind 
of balance with two unequal arms, consisting 
of a lever in the form of a slender iron bar with 
like. 
Believe her not, her glass diffuses 
1'alse portraitures ; . . . 
Her crystal 's falsely steel'd; it scatters 
Deceitful beams ; believe her not, she Hatters. 
Quarks, Emblems, ii. 0. 
Give me my steeled coat. I'll fight for France. 
Away with these disgraceful wailing robes ! 
Shak., 1 Hen. V.I., i. 1. bf>. 
iron ores, and especially to spathic iron (side- 
rite), because that ore was supposed to be par- 
ticularly well adapted for making steel. Much 
of the so-called German steel was in fact for- 
merly made from that ore. 
Steel-press (stel'pres), n. A special form of 
press designed for compressing molten steel to 
form sound and dense castings. 
2. To iron (clothes). Hall/well. [Prov. Eng.] Steel : saw (stel'sa), n. A disk of soft iron, re- 
-3. To make hard as steel; render strong, vo \\8 th g reat rapidity, used for cutting 
rigid, inflexible, determined, etc.; make firm or J / t -i/ ~ > 
stubborn. Steelware (stel'war), . Articles, collectively, 
Thy resolution would steel a coward. 
Beau, and Fl., Little French Lawyer, i. 2. 
Ximenes's heart had been steeled by too stern a disci- 
pline to be moved by the fascinations of pleasure. 
Prescott, Ferd. and Isa., fi. 5. 
4. To cause to resemble steel in smoothness 
or polish. 
Lo ! these waters, steeled 
By breezeless air to smoothest polish. 
made of steel. The Engineer, LXVIII. 642. 
steelwork (stel'werk), H. Steel articles or 
objects, or such parts of any work as are made 
of steel. The Engineer, LXIX. 191. 
Steel-worker (steTwer'ker), H. One who works 
in steel. 
steel-works (stel'werks), . pi. or nintj. A fur- 
nace or other establishment where iron is con- 
verted into steel. The Engineer, LXV. 38. 
Word-worth, Sonnets Dedicated to Liberty, Ii. 5. steely (ste'li), a. [< steen + -jl.] 1. Consist- 
ing of steel ; made of steel. 
Full ill (we know, & every man may see) 
A steely helme & Cardnals cap agree. 
Times' Whittle (E. E. T. S.), p. 120. 
A Kin-til hammer crushes 'em to pieces. 
Ford, Perklu Warbeck, I. 1. 
2. Resembling steel in some of its essential 
properties; hard; firm; stubborn. 
When hee can beat it [Truth] off with most .-(.,(,/ prow, 
esse, he thinkes himselfe the bravest man ; when in truth 
it is nothing but exsanguine feeble exility of Spirit 
y. Ward, Simple Cobler, p. 74. 
That eteely heart (of Judas] yet relents not. 
Bp. Hall, Contemplations, Iv. 27. 
3. Resembling steel in color, metallic luster, or 
general appearance; having more or less im- 
perfectly the qualities or composition of steel : 
as, steely iron. 
The beating of the steely sea. 
W. Morris, Earthly Paradise, Apology. 
Steely iron, a mixture of imn and steel ; imperfect steel. 
Bloxam and Hmttington, Metals, p. 109. 
stee! 2 t, . An obsolete form of uteuft, 
steel-blue (stel'blo), a. and . I. a. Of a lus- 
trous dark-bluish color, resembling steel tem- 
pered blue. 
II. . A lustrous dark-bluish color; a darker 
shade than Berlin blue and less chromatic, but 
nearly of the same hue. See blue. 
steel-bow (stel'bou), a. [Origin and distinctive 
sense obscure.] See the phrase. steel-bow 
goods, in Scotslau; corn, cattle, straw, and implements of 
husbandry, delivered by the landlord to his tenant, by 
means of which the tenant is enabled to stock and labor 
the farm, and in consideration of which he becomes bound 
to return articles equal in quantity and quality at the ex- 
piration of the lease. 
Steelboy (steTboi), n. [Prob. < steel 1 in the 
phrase "hearts of steel," used by the insur- 
gents in a remonstrance entitled "Petition of 
the Hearts of Steel " (Record Office, London).] 
A member of a band of insurgents in Ulster, 
Ireland, who committed various agrarian and 
other outrages about 1772-4. Lecky, Eng. in 
18th Cent., xvi. 
Steel-clad (stel'klad), a. 
steel. 
Steelyard. 
. rectangular bar. graduated both above and below ; *, adjustable 
counterpoising weight : c, hook for supporting articles to be weighed 
(this can be turned easily over the end of the bar at O: rf and d '. 
hooks for support of the steelyard, according as one or other of the 
graduations is turned to the upper side for use in weighing. 
one arm very short, the other divided by equi- 
distant notches, having a small crosspiece as 
fulcrum, to which a bearing for suspension is 
attached, usually a hook at the short end, and 
a weight moving upon the long arm. It is very 
portable, without liability to become separated, and the 
process of weighing is very expeditious. It is much used 
for cheap commodities, but owing to its simple construc- 
tion it is liable to be so made as to give false indications. 
Often used in the plural. Also called Jtoman balance or 
beam. Compare Danish balance (sometimes called Danish 
steelyard), under balance. 
Crochet, a small hook. . . . A HomaiiebeameorfrffHeerc. 
a beame of yron or wood, full of nlckes or notches, along 
which a certaine peize of lead, &c., playing, and at length 
setting towards the one end, shewes the just weight of a 
commoditie hanging by a hooke at the other end. 
Cutgram. 
A pair of steelyards and a wooden sword. 
llulln-k. Fanny. 
steemt, An old form of steam. Prompt. Pare. 
Steen 1 (sten), v. t. [Also stean, 8c. stein ; < ME. 
stenen, cast stones, < AS. stienan (= OHG. steinon 
= Goth. stainjan), stone, <stan, stone: seestone, 
n. Cf. stone, v., of which steen 1 is a doublet.] 
1. To stone; pelt with stones. 
Te stones thet me [men] stcnede him mide. 
Ancren Riwle, p. 122. 
! , _ . , 111". "i in iillii 1 1 nnllll'Jlull, AleullB, p. L\nf, 
Clothed m armor of Steelyard 1 (stel' yard, colloq. stil'yard), n. 
[Early mod. E. also Stilyurd, Stilliard, Steeliard, 
Steelent, a [< ME. stelcn, < AS. stylen (= D. steleard, Styliard, and as two words Steel yard, 
stalen, stolen), < style, "stek, steel: seesteefl and ste le yarde (also Steel house. Stele house); ex- 
-0,2.] of steel; made of steel. plained as orig. "the yard in London where 
The gtelene brond. Layamon, 1. 7634. steel was sold by German merchants," as if < 
steel-engraving (steTen-gra"ving), n. 1. The steefi + yard 2 ; but in fact an imperfect transla- 
art of engraving on steel plates for the purpose tion of the MD. staelhof, later staalhof, = MLG. 
"* producing prints or impressions in ink stalltof, an office or hall where cloth was marked 
of 
on paper and other substances. 2. The de- 
sign engraved on the steel plate. 3. An im- 
pression or print taken from the engraved 
steel plate. 
Steel-finch (stel'finch), n. A book-name of the 
small fiuch-like birds of the genus Hypochsera. 
steelhead (stel'hed), n. . 1. The ruddy duck, 
Erismatura rubida: so called from the steel- 
blue of the head, or perhaps for the same rea- 
son that it is called hardhead, hickory-head, and 
toughhead. See cut under Erismatura. [Mary- 
land.] 2. The rainbow-trout, Salmo irideus. 
See cut under rainbow-trout. [Local, U. S.] 
Steel-headt (stel'hed), a. Tipped with steel. 
Hfienser. F. Q., III. ix. 16. 
steelification (ste''li-fi-ka'shon), H. The process 
of converting iron into steel. Jour. Franklin 
Inst., CXXV. 304. 
Steelify (ste'li-fi), v. t. ; pret. and pp. steelified, 
ppr. stoelifyinp. [< steen + -i-fy.~\ To convert 
into steel. Jour. Franklin Imt., CXXV. 304. 
steeliness (ste'li-nes), n. The state or charac- 
ter of being steely. 
Steeling (ste'ling), n. [Verbal n. of steeft, .] 
with a leaden seal as being properly dyed, < 
MD. stael, a specimen, sample, test of dyeing, 
D. staal, a sample, = MLG. stale, LG. stal, > G. 
dial, stahl, a sample, pattern (hence JAD.staelen 
= MLG. stalen, mark cloth with a leaden seal 
as being properly dyed) (connected with MD. 
staelen, stallen = MLG. stallen (OF. estaler, sta- 
ler}, expose for sale on a stall, display or show 
on a stall, < MD. stal, etc., a stall: see stalll), 
+ hof, yard, court: see hove*-. The notion that 
the MD. staelhof is a contraction of "stapelliof 
(which, moreover, does not occur; ct.stapelhuys, 
E. staple-house) is untenable.] A place in Lon- 
don, comprising great warehouses called before 
the reign of Edward IV. Gildhalla Teutonico- 
rum, 'Gildhall of the Germans,' where, until 
expelled in 1597, the merchants of the Hanse- 
atic League had their English headquarters; 
also, the company of merchants themselves. 
The merchants of the Steelyard were bound by almost 
monastic gild-rules, under a separate jurisdiction from 
the rest of London, were exempt from many exactions and 
restrictions, and for centuries controlled most of the for- 
eign trade of England. 
This yere corn was verie dere, & had ben dearer if mar- 
2. To fit with stones; mend, line, pave, etc., 
with stones. Hatliu-etl. [Prov. Eng. and Scotch 
in both senses.] 
Steen 1 (sten), . [Also stean; a dial. var. of 
stone , due to the verb steen 1 .'] A stone. [Prov. 
Eng. and Scotch.] 
steen 2 (st en ),n. [Alsostean, stein; <ME.steene, 
stene, a stone jar, < AS. stxna (= OHG. steinna), 
a stone crock (cf. steenen, of stone: see stonen), 
< stan, stone : see s/oiie.] 1. A kind of jar or 
urn of baked clay or of stone, of the general 
type of the sepulchral urns of the Romans. 
Jour. Brit. Archxol. Ass., XXXV. 105. 
Neuerthelatre ther weren not maad of the same mouee 
the itenye [hydrise, Vulgate] of the temple of the Lord. 
Wydtf, 4 Kl. [2 Kl.) xii. IS. 
Upon an huge great Earth-pot steane he stood. 
Spenter, V. Q., VII. vit 42. 
2. A large box of stones used for pressing 
cheese in making it. Halliwell. [Prov. Eng.] 
steenbok (stan'- or sten'bok), n. [< D. steenbok 
= G. steinbock, the wild goat, < D. steen, = G. 
stein = E. stone, + D. bok = G. bock = E. buck- 
see stone and fi.icfc 1 .] One of several small Afri- 
1. The process of welding a piece of steel on chuntes of ystyliarde had not been & Dutche shi 
that part of a cutting-instrument which is to S. t . rlned ' * an "bstinauce of warre betwene Eng 
receive the edge. 2. The process of deposit- 
ing a film of iron on engraved copperplates. 
The plates are placed in a bath of sulphate of iron and 
ammonium chlorid, a plate of iron submerged in the so- 
shippes re- 
Ingiande & 
Fabyan, Chron., an. 1528- 9. v 
From him come I, to entreat you ... to meet him this 
afternoon at the Rhenish wine-house i' the Stilliard. 
Webster, Westward Ho, II. 1. 
id the engraved copperplate to the zinc le "jro" steel y ar d li (stel'yard or stil'yard), n. [Early 
ich steeled plates from 5,000 to 15,000 impression's canbe mod ' E. shVyard, stiliard, stil'liard; appar. lit. 
iken. The same method has been successfully applied a ro - * steel,' < steel 1 + yard 1 ; but prob. an al- 
tered form, due to popular etymology, of the 
takei 
to stereotype plates. 
Steenbok (Nattotrayus trapulus'i. 
can antelopes of the genus Nanotragus, fond of 
rocky places (whence the name). The common 
steenbok is N. traondw, generally distributed in South 
Africa, about .s feet long and 20 inches tall, with straight 
horns about 4 inches long in the male, none in the female, 
