stereographic 
infinite plane, while preserving the angles 
Stereograpnic map-projection. See projection 
stereographical (ster"e-o-graf i-kal), a. [< stcr- 
eographic + -/.] Same as stereograph ic 
stereographically (ster"e-o-graf'i-kal-i), </,. 
In a stwreographfe manner; by delineation oii 
a plane. 
Stereography (ster-e-og'ra-fi), . [ = F. stereo- 
grapMe, < Gr. arrpeAe, solid, + -ypa^ia, < yp&Qtiv, 
write.] The art of delineating the forms of 
solid bodies on a plane; a branch of solid ge- 
ometry which demonstrates the properties and 
shows the construction of all solids which are 
regularly defined. 
Stereole'pis (ster-e-ol'e-pis), M. [NL. (Ayres 
1859), < Gr. orepeoV, solid, -f fairif, a scale.] 1. 
A genus of serranoid fishes of enormous size iii 
comparison with related forms, s. gigas, the jew- 
flsh or black sea-bass of the California!! coast, reaches a 
Jew-fish {Stereolepis gtgas). 
length of 5 feet. It is brownish- or greenish-black with 
large black blotches, most evident in the young. 
2. [7. c.] A fish of this genus. 
Stereome (ster'e-6m), n. [< Gr. arepcu/ja, a solid 
body, < crepes, solid.] In bot., a name pro- 
posed by Schwendener for those elements 
which impart strength to a fibrovascular bun- 
dle. Compare mcstome. 
Stereometer (ster-e-om'e-ter), n. [< Gr. arepeui:, 
solid, + nfrpov, a measure.] 1. An instru- 
ment for measuring the solid capacity of a ves- 
sel. 2. An instrument for determining the 
specific gravity of liquids, porous bodies, etc. 
stereometric (ster"e-o-met'rik), a. [< stere- 
ometr-y + -/<.] Pertaining to or performed 
by stereometry. -stereometric function. See/unc- 
tion. 
Stereometrical (ster*e-o-met'ri-kal), a. [< 
stereometric + -al.] Same as stereometric. 
StereometricallyCster'e-o-met'ri-kal-i), a. By 
or with reference to stereometry. 
Stereometry (ster-e-om'e-tri), n. [= F. stere- 
ometric, < Gr. arepeof, solid, cubic, + -^erpia, < 
ftirpov, measure.] 1. The art of measuring 
volumes. 2. The metrical geometry of solids. 
3. The art or process of determining the spe- 
cific gravity of liquids, porous bodies, powders, 
etc. 
Stereo-mold (ster'e-6-mold), . [< stereo + 
mold 3 .] A mold used in stereotyping, 
stereomonoscope (ster'e-o-mon'o-skop), n. [< 
Gr. arepetf, solid, + /Itvof, single, alone, + 
aKoxeiv, view.] An instrument with two lenses 
for exhibiting on a screen of ground glass a 
single picture so as to give it all the effect of 
solidity. 
Stereoneural(ster"e-o-nu'ral), a. [< Gr. arepe6f, 
solid, + vevpov, a nerve.] Having the nervous 
center, if any, solid. 
stereoplasm (ster'e-o-plazm), n. [< NL. stereo- 
plasma, < Gr. arepcfa solid, + w'Xaafta, anything 
molded or formed: see plasm.'} 1. In corals, a 
delicate endothecal structure occupying differ- 
ent positions in the oorallite, often forming ver- 
tical processes in the interseptal loculi or encir- 
cling septa, or acting as true endotheca. This sub- 
stance, which connects septa (environing their free edges 
in some paleozoic corals), stretches across interseptal lo- 
culi irregularly, and sometimes fills up the lower part of 
the inside of the corallum, constituting a solid mass there. 
It is to be distinguished from the true endotheca. 
2. In bot., same as stereoplasma. 
Stereoplasma (ster'e-o-plas'ma), M. [NL.: see 
stereoplasm.] 1. Same &s stereoplasm, \. Lind- 
stro'ni. 2. In bot., a term proposed byNaegeli 
for the solid part of protoplasm. Compare hy- 
groplasma. 
Stereoplasmie (ster*e-o-plaz'mik), a. [< stereo- 
plasm + -ic.] Of ttie 'nature of or formed by 
stereoplasm ; consisting of that substance. 
Stereopticon (ster-e-op'ti-kon), n. [< Gr. orc- 
peoY, solid, + oTTTocof, pertaining to seeing or 
sight : see optic.] An improved form of magic 
lantern, consisting essentially of two complete 
lanterns matched and connected. The object of 
the reduplication is to permit the pictures shown to pass 
from one to the next by a sort of dissolving effect which 
is secured by alternate use of the two lenses, and at the 
same time to avoid the delay or the unpleasant sliding of 
the pictures across the fleld in view of the audience, but 
imperfectly avoidable when the simple magic lantern is 
used. The two lanterns may be either superposed or 
Double-tier Stereopticon. 
r'r-'- A \. tu ^.5' I co '; t ? l tai 'iK objectives: B. B', covers for condensers; 
<-, C . collapsible-bellows fronts of the lanterns, which are mounted one 
above the other and hinged together at the rear standards (as shown 
at D) to provide for the elevation or depression necessary lo brine ihe 
views on the screen into exact superposition : E. E'. lime light bSes 
one of the lime.cyhnders F and oxyhydrogen Jets G being shown in 
the upper box. a part of which is removed; 11, oxyeen'ioWer' I 
hydrogenjiolderl J. J'. flexible tubes for separately conveying these 
gases to the burners and mixing them only as they are nee.fed to sup 
ply light . L. set-screw for elevation or depression ; M, milled heads 
ol shaft operating gear for extending or shortening the lens tubes A 
A in adjustment of the focus ; N, openings for insertion of slides, with 
inclined bottoms for insuring exact position. 
placed side by side. Some forms of Stereopticon are 
made with three lanterns. See triplexicon. 
Stereoscope (ster'e-o-skop), n. [= F. stereoscope, 
< Gr. arepeoV, solid, + onoim'tv, view.] An optical 
instrument illustrating the phenomena of binoc- 
ular vision,andservingtoproducefromtwonear- 
ly similar pictures of an object the effect of a sin- 
gle picture with the appearance of relief and so- 
lidity belonging to ordinary vision, itdepends upon 
the fact that in ordinary vision, while the respective images 
of an object formed upon the retinas of the two eyes clitf er 
slightly because of the divergence of the rays from each 
point of the object, yet the effect upon the brain is that of 
a single object seen in perspective relief which the monoc- 
ular image lacks. The slide of the stereoscope shows 
two pictures side by side taken under a small difference of 
angular view, each eye looking upon one picture only; 
thus, as in ordinary vision, two images are conveyed to the 
brain which unite into one, exhibiting the objects repre- 
sented under a high degree of relief. A reflecting form 
of stereoscope was invented by Sir Charles Wheatstone in 
1838. Subsequently Sir David Brewster invented the len- 
ticular or refracting stereoscope, based on the refractive 
properties of semi-double-convex lenses. This is the one 
now in general use. There are many forms of it, one of 
which is shown in the figure. The action is illustrated by 
stereotyper 
stereotomic (sin- c-o-tom'ik), . [< riwwf. 
om-tj + -ic.} Pertaining to or pcrl'ormi'd by 
stereotomy. 
stereotomical (sti-r'e-o-tom'i-kal), a. [<*/< // 0- 
limiic + -al.] Same'as stereotniiiir. 
stereotomy (ster-e-ot'o-mi), H. [== K. stereoto- 
mie, < Gr. crepe of, 'solid, + -rofiia, < re/wen; -<:- 
Itelv, cut.] The science or art of cutting solids 
into certain figures or sections. 
Stereotrope isti-r'n-o-trop), . [< Gr. arepc6f, 
solid, + rpmri/, a turning, < Tprmtv, turn.] An 
instrument by which an object is perceived as 
if in motion and with an appearance of solidit y 
orrelicf as in nature. It consistsof aserlesof stereo- 
scopic pictures, generally eight, of an object in the suc- 
cessive positions it assumes in completing any motion, 
affixed to an octagonal drum revolving nmU-i an ordinary 
lenticular stereoscope, and viewed through a solid cylin- 
der pierced in its entire length by two apertures, which 
makes four revolutions for one of the picture-drum. The 
observer thus sees the object constantly in one place, but 
with its parts apparently in motion and in solid and natu- 
ral relief. 
stereotype (ster'e-o-tlp), . and a. [= F. 
stereotype, < Gr. <rrcpc6(, fixed, + Tvirof, impres- 
sion, type: see type.] I. . 1. The duplicate, 
m one piece of type-metal, of the face of a 
collection of types composed forprinting. Three 
processes are used, (a) The plaster process, in which 
a mold taken from the composed types in fluid plaster 
of Paris Is baked until dry, and is then submerged in 
melted type-metal. The cast taken In this mold, when 
cooled, is shaved to proper thickness, making the stereo- 
type plate. (6) The clay process, in which the mold 
taken by a press on a prepared surface of stiff clay, is 
Stereoscope. 
the diagram beneath. The light-rays from corresponding 
points of the two pictures P and P' are refracted in pass- 
ing through the lenses L, L', and their directions changed 
so that they now seem to the eyes E, E' to diverge from a 
common point A beyond the plane of the card. By spe- 
cial effort a skilled observer can combine stereoscopic 
pictures into one without the use of the instrument, 
each eye being directed to one picture only and (to pro- 
duce the normal stereoscopic effect) the one on its own 
side ; the process may be facilitated by interposing a card 
screen between the pictures so that, for example the left 
picture is entirely cut off from the right eye, etc. If the 
eyes are crossed so that the right eye sees the left picture 
and the left eye the right only, and the images combined 
by special effort, the usual stereoscopic effect is reversed 
a convex surface becomes concave, etc. A similar pseudo- 
scopic result is obtained with the ordinary stereoscope if 
the positions of the two pictures are exchanged. 
Stereoscopic (ster"e-o-skop'ik), a. [= F. stereo- 
scopique; as stereoscope + -ic.] Of, pertaining 
to, or resembling the stereoscope ; adapted to 
the stereoscope ; having the form in relief, or 
proper perspective, as of an object seen in 
the stereoscope : as, stereoscopic pictures ; ster- 
eoscopic views stereoscopic camera, diagrams, 
projection. See the nouns. 
stereoscopical (ster'e-o-skop'i-kal), n. [< stere- 
oscopic + -al.] Same as stereoscopic. 
stereoscopically (ster"e-o-skop'i-kal-i), mil-. 
By or as by a stereoscope. 
stereoscopist (ster'e-o-sko-pist), . [< stereo- 
scope + -ist. ] One versed in the use or manu- 
facture of stereoscopes. 
stereoscopy (ster'e-o-sko-pi), n. [= F. stereo- 
scopic, < Gr. arepe6f, solid, + -O-KOTTMJ, < amireiv, 
view.] The use or construction of stereo- 
scopes. 
A Stereotype Founding Apparatus. B, Stereot 
Mold, a, furnace by which the water-jacketed mold /> is uniformly 
, reotype Plates from the 
, a, urnace by which the water-jacketed mold /> is uniformly 
heated. The mold is supported on the frame d and on the rollers / 
the parts of the mold are held together by a claiupiner-screw c 
the water is supplied to the water-jacket through the funnel f. In 
pouring the metal, the mold is placed in position shown in dotted 
outline. 
baked until dry, and filled by pouring into it fluid metal 
(c) The papier-mache' process, in which the mold is 
made by covering the type with a preparation of paper- 
pulp and clay, which is beaten into the interstices of the 
type-surface by a stiff brush. This mold when baked by 
steam-heat is put in a casting-box, which is filled with 
melted metal. This is the rudest but quickest process. 
Stereotypes for daily newspapers are usually made in fif- 
teen minutes. For newspaper-work the plates for rotary 
Sresses are molded and cast with a curved surface that 
ts them to the impression-cylinder. The practice of ster- 
eotyping is now confined to newspapers and the cheaper 
forms of printed work. Plates of books, woodcuts, and the 
finer forms of printing are now made by the electrotype pro- 
cess. (See electrotype.) Stereotype plates were first made, 
but imperfectly, by William Oed, at Edinburgh, in 1726. 
The plaster process, which was the first to become popu- 
lar, was invented by Wildon and Lord Stanhope in 1810. 
2. Loosely, an electrotype. 3. The art of 
making plates of fixed metallic types ; the pro- 
cess of producing printed work by means of 
such plates. 
II. a. Of or pertaining to stereotype, or ster- 
eotyping, or stereotype printing: as, stereotype 
work ; stereotype plates. 
stereotype (ster'e-o-tip), v. t.; pret. and pp. 
stereotyped, ppr. stereotyping. [< stereotype, n.] 
1. To cast a stereotype plate from : as, to stereo- 
type a page or a form. 2. To prepare for print- 
ing by means of stereotype plates : as, to stereo- 
type the New Testament. 3. To fix or estab- 
lish firmly or unchangeably. 
If men cannot yet entirely obey the law, . . . it does not 
, . . . 
follow that we ought therefore to stereotype their incompe- 
tcncy, by specifying how much is possible to them and how 
much is not. H. Spencer, Social Statics, p. 608. 
stereotype-block (ster'e-o-tip-blok), . A 
block of iron or of hard wood, bound with brass, 
about three fourths of an inch high, on which 
a stereotype plate is fixed for use. 
stereotyped (ster'e-o-tipt), p. a. 1. Made or 
printed from stereotype plates. 2. Formed in 
an unchangeable manner ; fixed; set: as, ster- 
eotyped opinions. 
The entablatures show considerable progress, but the 
capitals were so stereotyped that it is evident, if any Greek 
or Roman artists had designed capitals in Oandhara dur- 
ing the period just alluded to, we could predicate exactly 
what they would have been. 
J. Fergusson, Hist. Indian Arch., p. 178. 
stereotype-metal (ster's-o-tip-met''!),!), . An 
alloy for stereotype plates; type-metal. 
Stereotyper (ster'e-o-tl-per), n. [< stereotype 
+ -er 1 ?] One who stereotypes, or who makes 
stereotype plates. 
