sternozine 
Sternoxine (ster-nok'sin). ii. an<l . [< Ktei-- 
.!/ + . ini-l.] I., i. Pertaining to the Htn;,,,,, 
or having their characters. 
II. n. A member of the Stentojci. 
Stern-port (stern'pprt), n. A port or opening 
in the stern of a ship. 
Stern-post (stern'post), H. The principal piece 
oi timber or iron in a vessel's stern-frame 
Its lower end is tenoned into or riveted to the keel ami 
to it the rudder is hung and tile transoms are bolted See 
cuts under rudder and stcr lt 2. - Stern-post knee a large 
knee which unites the stern-post and the keel See cut 
under stern-. 
Stern-Sheets (stern'shets), n. pi. The space in 
a boat abaft the thwarts on which the rowers 
sit. 
sternsmant (Bternz'man), n. [< xtmi'x, poss. 
ot stern-, + man.'} A "steersman; a pilot. 
Off from the sterne the sterneiman diuing fell 
And from his sinews flew his soulc to hell. 
Chapman, Odyssey, xii. 582. 
Sternson (steru'son), n. [Appar. < stern? + 
-non as in keelson.] Same as stirn-knee 
Sternula (ster'nu-la), H. [NL. (Boie, 1822) < 
Sterna + dim. -ula.} The least terns, a genus 
of Stamina containing species of the small- 
est size, with moderately forked tail, a white 
frontal crescent in the black cap, and the bill 
yellow tipped with black: of cosmopolitan dis- 
tribution . s. minuta inhabits Europe, Asia, etc. ; S. ba- 
Isenarum is South African ; S. nereis, S. placens, and S me- 
lanauchen are Asiatic, East Indian, Australian, and Poly- 
nesian ; S. iupercUiartt is South American. The common 
bird of the United States and middle America is 5 antil- 
American Least Tem (Sternula antillarutn). 
larum, which is very abundant along; the Atlantic coast 
It is 9 inches long and 20 in extent of wings, white with 
pearly-blue mantle over all the upper parts, a black cap 
and the usual white lunule. 
sternule (ster'nul), . A sea-swallow of the 
genus Sternula. 
Sternum (ster'num), n.; pi. sterna (-nil) or ster- 
uums (-numz). [NL., also sternon, <'Gr. crrlp- 
vov, the breast-bone.] 1. The breast-bone of 
man and many other vertebrates; a bone or 
longitudinal series of bones in the middle line 
of the ventral aspect of the body, chiefly in its 
thoracic section, completing the thoracic wall 
by articulation with more or fewer ribs, or ele- 
ments of the scapular arch, or both : theoreti- 
cally, in Owen's system, the hemal spines of a 
series of vertebrae, (a) In man and most mammals 
the sternum consists of an anterior piece, the " handle," 
manubrium, or presternum ; of several (in man four) seg- 
ments or sternebers constituting the body of the sternum, 
gladiolus, or mesosternum ; and of a terminal piece, the 
xiphoid or ensiform cartilage, or xiphisternum. It articu- 
lates in man with the clavicles and with seven costal car- 
tilages. The sternebers 
of a mammalian ster- 
num may remain per- 
fectly distinct, or be an- 
kylosedinone. (See cut 
under mesosternum.) In 
cetaceans and sirenians 
the sternum is much re- 
duced, and may be a sin- 
gle bone or quite rudi- 
mentary. In the mono- 
trematous mammals a 
small median bone 
called proosteon is de- 
veloped in front of the 
ecr , r- 
mcr cr 
Shoulder-girdfe, or Pectoral Arch, and Sternum of a Lizard fffruana 
tittentuatet): upper figure, under view; lower figure, side view, sc, 
scapula; ssc, suprascapula ; msc, mcsoscapula ; cr, coracoid; per, 
precoracoicl ; mcr, mesocoracoid ; ecr, epicoracoid ; cl, clavicle : ict. 
interclavicle ; gl, (flenoid ; yt. sternum ; xst, xiphisternum. 
puesternmn. The parts called e|,isienmm, omostermim. 
is r ,'r ' , L ' """"""' Is J"" "H-Mti.MR-d, or 1,1 vari- 
i reptiles urn, hat l,u.,s, b, I,,,, K mil,,., t,, the shoul- 
lei-gmlle. 1 here is no sternum in s,,,,,e reptiles, as ser- 
pents. See cuts under CatarrMna, Klephantiua. ink-ret,,,-. 
fe, .*,, and. ./.,/,/ ,; I,, l,,nls the .(,, 
a large single bone without true,- .if its original compo^ 
t on of several parts, highly specialized in form and fiinc- 
ion in relation to the muscular appiiratusof the wings ar- 
ticulating with several ribs, with the eoracoids, and some- 
times aiikylosed with the clavicle: it appears under two 
principal modifications, known as the cannate and ratite 
(See these words.) The carinate sternum normally devel- 
ops from Hve ossiflc centers, having consequently as many 
separate pieces in early life. The single median ossifica- 
tion which includes the keel, is the lophostcon the ante- 
rior lateral pieces, a pair, are the plelirostea, which become 
le costal or costiferons processes; the posterior pair are 
the metostea. In some birds are additional pieces a pair 
of coracostea anil a urosteon. The ratite sternum has no 
median ossification, or lophosteon. The passerine ster- 
num normally develops a prominent forked manubrium 
In a few birds, as cranes and swans, the sternum is hol- 
lowed out to receive convolutions of the windpipe. See 
cuts under cannate, Dinarnis, and epipleura. (c) In Che- 
loma, the plastron of a turtle, consisting of several bones 
normally nine, one median, and four lateral in pairs These 
bones have no homology with the sternum of other verte- 
brates. See cuts under carapace, plastron, and Cheionia. 
<1. In arthropods, as insects and crustaceans, 
a median sternal or ventral sclerite of any so- 
mite of the cephalothorax, thorax, or abdomen ; 
a sternite: the opposite of a tergite or notum. in 
such cases, sternum and sternite are used Interchangeably 
sternum being seldom used of the series of sternites as a 
whole. (See cut under cephalothorax.) In insects the 
three thoracic sterna arc specified as prosterimm, meso- 
eternum, and metasterimm. In IKptera, sternum generally 
means the mesostenmm, as the other thoracic rings do not 
show a sternal piece. In Caleoptera, sternum is sometimes 
extended to include the episterna and eplmera, or whole 
lower surface of a thoracic segment. See episterrmm, 3. 
Antennary sternum. See antennar;/. Cephalic 
sternum, in arachnology, the lower part of the head or 
gula; the central plate on the lower part of the cephalo- 
thorax of a spider, between the bases of the legs Ster- 
num collare, in entom., the sternal prominence of the 
prothorax. Sternum pectorale, in entom., the sternal 
prominence of the metathorax. 
Sternutation (ster-nu-ta'shpn), n. [< LL. ster- 
nutatio(n-), a sneezing. < L.' 'sternutare, freq. of 
sternuere, sneeze.] The act of sneezing. De 
Quincey, Opium Eater, p. 135. 
Sternutative (ster-nu'ta-tiv), a. [< L. sternu- 
tare, sneeze, + -ive.] 'Same as sternutatory. 
Bailey, 1731. 
Sternutativeness (ster-nu'tii-tiv-nes), n. The 
character of being sternutative. Bailey, 1727. 
sternutatory (ster-nu'ta-to-ri), a. and n. [= 
F. sternutatoire, < L. sternutare, sneeze: see ster- 
nutation.] I. a. Causing or tending to cause 
sneezing. Ret: T. Adams, Works, I. 476. 
II. H. ; pi. sternutatories (-riz). Anything 
which causes sneezing, as snuff; an errh'ine. 
sternutory (ster'nu-to-ri), . An erroneous 
form of sternutatory. 'Dunglison. 
sternward, sternwards (stern'ward, -wiirdz), 
a. and adv. [< stern 2 + -ward, -waras.'f To- 
ward the stem. 
sternway (steru'wa), . The movement of a 
ship backward, or with her stern foremost. 
To fetch sternway. see/efcfti. 
Stern-wheeler (stern'hwe"ler), H. A steam- 
vessel propelled by one wheel, similar to a side- 
wheel, mounted astern: used for navigating 
shallow or narrow waters. 
Steropus (ster'o-pus), n. [NL. (Megerle, 1821), 
appar. < Gr. orrpeof, solid, + TTOI'Y = K.foot.] A 
genus of beetles of the family Carabida?, con- 
taining about 100 species, widely distributed 
throughout Europe, northern Africa, Asia, Aus- 
tralia, and both Americas. 
Sterquilinoust (st6r-kwi-ll'nus), a. [< L. ster- 
quilinmm, sterciilinium, stercilinium, sterquili- 
num, a dunghill or dung-pit, < stercus, dung.] 
Pertaining to a dunghill; hence, mean; dirty; 
paltry. Howcll, Letters, ii. 48. 
sterraster (ste-ras'ter), . [< Gr. arcppix;, var. of 
orepfof, solid, + iiari/p, star.] A form of spouge- 
spicule characteristic of the family Geodinidee. 
It is of the polyaxon type, having many rays coalesced for 
the greater part of their lengths, but ending in separate 
booklets. 
Sterrastrosa (ster-as-tro'sii), ii.pl. [NL. : see 
sterraster.'] In Sollas's classification, a group 
of choristidan tetractinellid sponges, in which 
sterrasters are present, usually in addition to 
simple asters, as in the families Geodinidse and 
I'lacospongidx : distinguished from Spirastrosa 
and Euastrosa. 
Sterrastrose (ste-ras'tros), a. [< NL. sterras- 
trosus, < sterraster, q. v.] Provided with ster- 
rasters, as a sponge; of or pertaining to the 
Sterrastrosa : distinguished from spirastrose. 
sterret, . A Middle English foi-m of star*. 
sterrinck (ster'ingk), w. A seal of the genus 
W( -niirli yiirliiix (Oi/iHurliiiinx) or of the subfamily 
stethoscope 
., liinir: as, the saw-toothed or 
Bating xterrincl-. /.nlmiloii I'lin-inn/ilini/ug. 
sterro-metal (ster'6-met"al), . An alloy of 
about three parts of copper with two of zinc, to 
which :i small amount of iron and tin is added. 
This alloy is not in general use, but is said to be Biipi-nur 
to gun-metal in tenacity, while at the same time less ex- 
pensive. It has been used in Austria for the pumps of 
hydraulic presses. 
Stert 1 (stert), V. A dialectal spelling of *(*,/ 1. 
Stert'-'t, ii. A Middle English form of start*. 
Stertet. [Inf. ntertt(n), pret. stertr, pp. xtert.] 
An obsolete preterit of star/I. 
Stertor (ster'tor), . [< NL. stertor, < L.'tt-i- 
tiri', snore.] A heavy snoring sound which 
accompanies inspiration in certain diseases. 
Compare st<-rt<>nn<.-<. 
Stertorious(sttr-t6'ri-us),a. [<stertor + *i-ous.'] 
Same as xli-rlnroiis. 1'ot, Prose Tales, I. 125. 
stertoriousness (ster-to'ri-us-nes), n. Same as 
xtertorousness. Pot, Prose Tales, 1. 125. 
Stertorous (ster'to-ms), a. [< xtertor + -ous.] 
Characterized by a deep snoring sound, such 
as characterizes the laborious breathing which 
frequently accompanies certain diseases, as 
apoplexy. 
stertorously (ster'to-rus-li), adv. In a sterto- 
rous manner. 
Stertorousness (ster'to-rus-nes), . The qual- 
ity or state of being stertorous, 
steryet, ''. A Middle English form of starve. 
Stesichorean (ste-sik-o-re'an), a. [< LL. Stt- 
sichoreus, Stcsichorius,' < Gr. 2Trioix6peior;, Ste- 
sichorean, < ZTt/aixopoc, Stesichorus (see def.).] 
Of or pertaining to the Greek lyric poet Ste- 
sichorus (Tisias) of Himera (about 632-550 
B. c.), inventor of epodic composition; specifi- 
cally, in anc. pros., noting (a) a trochaic trim- 
eter of the form ~ | w | _^ (j) 
an encomiplogic verse; (c) a line consisting of 
two dactylic tetrapodies,the last foot a spondee, 
stet (stet). [L., 3d pers. sing. pres. subj. act. of 
stare, stand : see stand.] Let it (that is, the 
original) stand: a proof-reader's order to can- 
cel an alteration previously made by him. it is 
indicated by putting a line of dots under what is crossed 
out, and writing "stet" in the margin. Abbreviated st. 
Stet (stet), r. t. ; pret. and pp. stetted, ppr. stet- 
ting. To mark with the word " stet " ; direct or 
cause to remain, after deletion, as printed ; for- 
bear to delete. [Colloq.] 
Stetch (stech), n. A ridge between two furrows, 
as in plowed land. [Prov. Eng.] 
Stetch (stech), v. t. [< stetch, n.] To form 
into ridges with a plow : followed by up. Hal- 
liicell. [Prov. Eng.] 
stethiaeum (steth-i-e'um), . ; pi. steihitea (-a). 
[NL., < Gr. rjTtfliatoc, of the breast, < tirj^of, the 
breast.] In ornith., the entire anterior half of 
a bird: opposed to ursenm. [Rare.] 
stethidium (ste-thid'i-um), n. ; pi. stethidia (-a). 
[NL., dim. of Gr. or^of, the breast.] In enton'i 
the thorax, llliger. 
Stethograph (steth'o-graf), . [< Gr. o-n^of, 
the breast, + ypd$uv, write.] An instrument 
for recording the respiratory movements of the 
thorax. Also called imeumograph. 
Stethographic (steth-o-graf'ik), a. [< stetho- 
graph + -ic.] Of or pertaining to, or obtained 
by means of, the stethograph. Nature, XLII. 
581. 
Stethometer (ste-thom'e-ter), n. [< Gr. arijfioc, 
the breast, + fdi-pov, a measure.] An instru- 
ment for measuring the respiratory movements 
of the walls of the chest. In one form a cord or band 
is extended round the chest, and its extension, as the 
thorax is expanded, is shown by an index on a dial-plate. 
Stethoscope (steth'o-skop), w. [== F. stetho- 
scope, < Gr. tnfi- 
0of,thebreast,+ 
anomlv, view.] 
An instrument 
used in auscul- 
tation to con- 
vey the sounds 
from the chest 
or other part of 
the patient to 
the ear of the 
observer. Bin- 
Stethoscopes, 
't, binaural stethoscope. 
aural stethoscope, a stethoscope in which the sound is 
conducted to both ears.- Differential stethoscope, a 
double stethoscope having elastic tubular branches and 
bells which can be applied to different parts of the thorax 
so as to compare the indications at various points. 
Stethoscope (steth'o-skop), r. t. ; pret. and pp. 
stethoscoped, ppr. stethoscoping. [< stethoscope, 
M.J To examine by means of a stethoscope. 
Lancet, 1890, ]I. 1267. 
