stone 
and either do not mention the stone, or define it as 8 pounds. 
The only legal stone in Great Britain now Is that of 14 
pounds. 
And sende ye me word how mech more yn value yn a 
stoon shall I syle my wolle. Pagton Letters, 1. 155. 
He was not a ghost, my visitor, but solid flesh and bone; 
He wore a Palo Alto hat, his weight was twenty stone. 
0. W. Holmes, Nux Postccenatica. 
Alencon stone, pure rock-crystal cut in rose or bril- 
liantform. Amazonian or Amazon stone. See Ama- 
zonian'^. Arkansas stone, a fine-grain whetstone found 
in Arkansas, and used to sharpen surgical and dental in- 
struments. Armenian stone. Hee Armenian. Arti- 
ficial stone, a material prepared for decorative and build- 
ing purposes by consolidating sand with the aid of some 
chemical. The best-known and most extensively used 
artificial stone is Rausouie's, which ia made by mixing sand 
with silicate of soda in a pug-mill, so as to form a plastic 
substance, which is then rolled or pressed into any de- 
sired form. The articles as thus prepared are then im- 
mersed in a solution of calcium chlorid, when double de- 
composition takes place, a calcium silicate being formed 
which firmly cements the particles of sand together, while 
the sodium chlorid, the other product of the decompo- 
sition, is afterward removed by washing. This material 
has been somewhat extensively used in England and else- 
where. Other processes akin to this, but in which differ- 
ent chemicals were used, have also been patented in the 
United States, but the materials thus produced have not 
met with any extensive sale. Beton or concrete has also 
been employed as a building material, to take the place of 
stone or brick, especially the " beton-Coignet, " which is ex- 
tensively used in and near Paris and elsewhere. Beton and 
concrete, which are mixtures of sand, gravel, stone chip- 
pings, fragments of brick, etc., with common or hydraulic 
mortar or cement, are also frequently, but not correctly, 
designated artiiirtal stone. Ayr stone, a stone used for 
polishing marble and surfacing metals. The harder va- 
rieties are used as whetstones. Also called water of Ayr, 
Scotch stone, and smoke-stone. Bath stone, a rock used 
extensively for building purposes in England, and espe- 
cially near Bath (whence its name). It is a limestone, hav- 
ing an oolitic structure, and belonging to the Inferior 
Oolite, which lies directly upon the Lias, the lowest division 
of the Jurassic of Continental and American geologists. 
Also called Bath oolite. 'Beer stone, a hard sandy chalk 
stratum of small thickness, occurring westward of Sea- 
ton in Devonshire, England. It forms a part of the Lower 
Chalk, and contains Inoceramus mytiloides. This series of 
beds, not having a thickness of more than 10 feet, is only of 
local importance, but it has been quarried as a building- 
stone for many hundred years, and parts of Exeter Cathe- 
dral are built of it. Bologna stone, or Bolognian stone, 
a variety of barite, or barium sulphate, found In round- 
ish masses, composed of radiating libers, first discovered 
near Bologna. Itis phosphorescent in the dark after being 
heated to ignition, powdered, and exposed to the sun's light 
for some time. Bristol stone, rock-crystal, or Bristol 
diamond, small round crystals of quartz, found in the Clif- 
ton limestone, near the city of Bristol in England. Caen 
stone, the French equivalent of the English Bath oolite. 
It is a cream-colored building-stone, of excellent quality, 
got near Caen in Normandy. Although soft in the quarry, 
it is of fine texture and hardens by exposure, so as to be- 
come extremely durable. Winchester and Canterbury ca- 
thedrals, Henry VII. 's chapel at Westminster, and many 
churches are built of it. It is still frequently used in 
England. Cambay stones. See carnelian. CentUlial 
Stones. See centurial. Ceylon stone, a dark-green, 
brown, or black spinel from Ceylon, also called ceylonite : 
the name is also given to other minerals or gems from 
Ceylon. Channel-stone. See channel!. Charnwood 
Forest stone, an oilstone found only in Charnwood For- 
est in Leicestershire, England. It is one of the best sub- 
stitutes for the Turkey oilstone, and is much used to give 
a fine edge to knives and other tools. Cornish Stone. 
Same as china-stone, 2. 
Cornish stone is used for almost all English wares, both 
in the body and the glaze. Spont' Encyc. Mamif., p. 1660. 
Crab's stones. Same as crab's eyes (which see, under 
crodl). See also cmbstone. Crape Stone, a trade-name 
foronyxofwhichthe surface is cut in imitation of crape and 
colored a lusterless black. A similar article is made from 
artificial silicious compounds cast in molds. Cut Stone, 
hewn stone, or work in hewn stone ; ashler. Deaf as a 
stone. See deaf. Dimension stone, ashler. Drafted 
stone, ashler stone having a chisel-draft around the face 
the part inside the draft being left rough. Heracleau 
stone. See //erocfani. Hewn stone, blocks of stone with 
faces dressed to shape by the hammer. Holy Stone, a 
stone used in magical rites, whether as a magic mirror or 
show-stone, or as a sort of amulet. Infernal ledger 
lithographic.Lydian stone. See the adjectives. Mal- 
tese stone, a limestone of a delicate brown cream-color 
very compact, and almost as soft as chalk. The natives of 
the islandof Malta turn and carve it into various ornamental 
objects. Memorial, meteoric, Moabite stone. See the 
adjectives. Mocha stone [formerly also M oca stone ; also 
598'J 
tablet of black basalt, found in 1799 near Kosetta, a town 
of Egypt, on the delta of the Nile, by M. Boussard, a French 
officer of engineers. This stone bears a trilingual Inscrip- 
tion, a decree of Ptolemy V. (Epiphanes) in Greek and 
Egyptian hieroglyphic and demotic. The inscription was 
deciphered chiefly by L'hampollion, and afforded the key- 
to the interpretation of Egyptian hieroglyphics. The 
monument is now in the British Museum. Rough- 
pointed stone. See roughi. Rubbed stone, stone- 
work of which the surface is cut straight with the stone- 
saw, and afterward smoothed by rubbing with grit or sand- 
stone. Samiau stone. See Samian. Saracen's or 
Sarsen's stone. See Saracen. Scotch stone. Same 
as Ayr stone. Shipman'B stonel. See shipman. So- 
norous stone. See sonorous. Standing stone. See 
standing. Stick and stone. See sticks. Stone can- 
cer. Same as scirrhous cancer (which see, under stir- 
rhous). stone of the second class. See elixir, i. 
Stones of sulphur. See sulphur. To leave no stone 
unturned, to do everything that can be done ; use all 
practicable means to effect an object ; spare no exertions. 
New crimes invented, left unturn'd no stone 
To make my guilt appear, and hide his own. 
Dryden, .Kneid, ii. 133. 
To mark With a White Stone, to mark as particularly 
fortunate, favored, or esteemed. The phrase arose from 
the custom among the Romans of marking their lucky days 
on the calendar with a white stone (as a piece of chalk), 
while unlucky days were marked with charcoal. Bmeer. 
= Svn. 1 and 2. See roc*l. 
II. a. 1. Made of stone: as, & stone house; 
a stone wall. 
The lion on your old stone gates 
Is not more cold to you than I. 
Tennyson, Lady Clara Vere de Vere. 
2. Made of stoneware : as, a stone jar ; a stone 
mug. 
Now mistress Gilpln (careful soul !) 
Had two stone bottles found, 
To hold the liquor that she loved, 
And keep It safe and sound. 
Cowper, John Qllpin. 
Stone age. See archaological ages, under age. Stone 
ax, an ax-head or hatchet-head made of hard stone. Such 
axes are found, belonging to prehistoric epochs, and have 
also been in use down to the present time among savage 
tribes in different parts of the world. Compare stone-ax. 
Stone brick. See bricW. Stone jug. Seejngi, 2- 
Stone ocher. See ocher. 
stone (ston), v. t. ; pret. and pp. stoned, ppr. ston- 
ing. [< ME. stonen, stanen (in earlier use stenen, 
whence mod. E. dial, steen 1 ), < AS. stxnan = 
OHG. steinon, MHG. steinen = Sw. stena = Dan. 
stene = Goth, stainjan (cf. D. steenigen = G. 
steinigen), pelt with stones, stone; from the 
noun.] 1. To throw stones at; pelt with 
stones. 
With stones men shulde hir stryke and stone hir to deth. 
Piert Plowman (B), xii. 77. 
Francis himself was stoned to death. 
R. W. Dixon, Hist. Church of Eng., xv. 
2. To make like stone ; harden. [Rare.] 
O perjur'd woman ! thou dost stone my heart. 
Shat., Othello, v. 2. 63. 
3. To free from stones, as fruit. 
She picked from Polly's very hand the raisins which the 
good woman was stoning for the most awfully sacred elec- 
tion cake. U. B. SUnce, Oldtown, p. 270. 
4. To provide or fit with stones, as by lining, 
walling, or facing: as, to stone a well or a road. 
5. In leather-manuf., to work (the leather) 
with a stock-stone to reduce it to uniform thick- 
ness, stretch it, and make it smooth-grained. 
stone-ax (stpn'aks), n. [< ME. "stonax, < AS. 
stansex, < stdn, stone, + eex, ax.] An ax or a 
hammer with two somewhat obtuse edges, used 
in hewing stone. 
stone-basil (ston'baz'il), . Same a,sbasil-weed. 
stone-bass (ston'bas), n. A fish of the family 
Serranidse, Polyprion cernium, or another of the 
same genus. It is distinguished by the development of 
a strong longitudinal bony ridge on the operculum, and the 
stone-cast 
stone-blind (ston 'blind'), . [= Icel. <,,. 
blind)- = Sw. Dan. slot-blind; as stone + bliiitl.} 
Blind as a stone ; wholly blind, either literally 
or figuratively. 
I thought I saw everything, and was stone-blind all the 
while. George Eliot, Mr. UUfll, xviii. 
stone-blue (ston'blu), >i. A compound of indigo 
and starch or whiting. 
Stone-boat (stou'bot), . A drag or sled with- 
out runners, used for moving stones ; also, a 
wagon-platform hung below the axles, used for 
the same purpose. [U. S.] 
stonebock (ston'bok), H. Same as steenbok. 
Stone-boilers (ston'boi'lerz), . />?. A tribe or 
race of men who practise stone-boiling. 
The Australians, at least in modern times, must be 
counted as stone-boilers. 
E. B. Tylor, Early Hist. Mankind, ix. 
stone-boiling (stou'boi'ling), . The act or 
process of making water boil by putting hot 
stones in it. 
The art of boiling, as commonly known to us, may have 
been developed through this intermediate process, which 
I propose to call gtone-boiling. 
E. B. Tylor, Early Hist. Mankind, ix. 
Stone-borer (ston'b6#'er), . A mollusk that 
bores stones ; a lithodomous, lithophagous, or 
saxicavous bivalve. See cuts under accessory, 
date-shell, Glycymeris, and piddock. 
Stone-bow (ston'bo), . [< ME. stonbotce; < 
stone + boie't.~\ A weapon somewhat resembling 
a crossbow, for shooting stones; a catapult; 
also, a sort of toy. 
0, for a stone-bmc, to hit him In the eye ! 
Shot., T. N., II. 5. 51. 
Item, six stone bowes that shoot lead pellets. 
Haklvyt't Voyages, I. S63. 
Children will shortly take him for a wall, 
And set their stone-bows in his forehead. 
H'-IIH. and n.. King and No King, v. 1. 
Stone-bramble (ston'bram'bl), . Same as 
roebuck-berry. 
stone-brash (ston'brash), n. In agri., a sub- 
soil composed of shattered rock or stone. 
stonebreak (ston'brak), n. The meadow-saxi- 
frage, Saxifraga granulata: so called from the 
virtue, according to the doctrine of signatures, 
of its pebble-like bulbs against calculus. The 
name is also a general equivalent of saxifrage. 
Stone-breaker (ston'bra'ker), . One who or 
that which breaks stones ; specifically, a ma- 
Stone-breaker. 
a, stationary jaw: a', oscillating Jaw ; *, hopper; c, fly-wheel; d, 
ort pitman connecting crank-wrist with toggles; t. t, toggles; /, 
frame, strengthened at f , where the thrust of the toggles is received ; 
to the presence of metallic oxids, as of mangan esc and iron ; 
moss-agate. Philosopher's stone. Seeeimr, 1. Port- 
land stone, in England, a rock belonging to the Portlan- 
dian series : so named from the Isle of Portland, where it 
is typically developed. The Portlandian is a part of the 
Jurassic series, and lies between the Purbeckian, the high- 
est member of that series, and the Kimmeridgian The 
Portland group, or Portlandian, consists of two divisions, 
the Portland stone and the Portland sand ; the former 
has several subdivisions, to which local names are at- 
tached, such as curf, base-bee, and whit-bee. The Port- 
land stone, which is a nearly pure carbonate of lime, is an 
important building-stone in England, and was extensively 
used by Inigo Jones and Sir Christopher Wren, in impor- 
tant public buildings, especially in St. Paul's Cathedral. 
Precious stone. See precious. Protean stone See 
Protean. Quarry-faced stone, cut stone of which the 
face is left rough as it comes from the quarry, as distin- 
guished from tooled, hammer-faced, pitch-faced stone etc 
Rocking stone. Seen**-'. Rosetta stone, a steleor 
Stone-bass {Polypriott cernium). 
serration of the spines of the anal and ventral tins. It in- 
habits moderately deep water in the Mediterranean and 
neighboring Atlantic. (Also called wreck-fish and cernier.) 
The corresponding stone-bass of Pacific waters is a very 
similar though distinct species, P. oxygeniwi (originally 
oxygeneios). See Polyprion. 
stone-bird (ston'berd), H. 1. The vinous gros- 
beak, or moro. 2. The stone-snipe, orgreater 
yellowlegs. See cut under yellowlegs. 
Stone-biter (ston'bi'ter), n . The common wolf- 
fish. See cut under Anarrhichas. 
, , 
H, base of machine ; f, rubber spring which withdraws the lower end 
of the jaw a'. 
chine for pounding or crushing stone ; an ore- 
mill ; a stone-crusher. 
stone-bruise (ston'broz), . A bruise caused 
by a stone ; especially, a painful and persistent 
bruise on the sole of the foot, commonly in the 
middle of the ball of the foot, due to walking 
barefooted; also, a bruise produced on thehand, 
as by ball-playing. [Local, U. S.] 
stonebuck (ston'buk), . [< ME. "stonbvkke, < 
AS. stdnbucca, the ibex, < stdn, stone, rock, + 
bucca, buck. In mod. use, tr. D. steeiibok, G. 
steinbock : see steenbok.] The steenbok. 
Stone-butter (ston'bnt'er), n. A sort of alum. 
stone-canal (ston'ka-nal*), n. In echinoderms, 
the duet leading from the madreporic plate to 
the circular canal : so called because it ordi- 
narily has calcareous substances in its walls. 
Also sand-canal. Gegenbaur, Comp. Anat. 
(trans.), p. 220. 
Stone-cast (ston'k&st), . The distance which 
a stone may be thrown by the hand; a stone's 
cast; a stone's throw. 
About a stone-cast from the wall 
A sluice with blacken'd waters slept 
Tennyson, Mariana. 
