stoneman 
men.] A pile of rocks roughly laid together, usu- 
ally on a prominent mountain-peak or -ridge, 
and intended to serve either as a landmark or 
as a record of a visit ; a cairn. 
Stone-marten (ston'mar'ten), . Same as 
beech-marten. 
stone-mason (ston'ma"sn), . One who dresses 
stones for building, or builds with them; a 
builder in stone. 
Stone-merchant (st6n'mer<'chant), n. A dealer 
in stones, especially building- or paving-stones. 
stone-mill (ston'mil), n. 1. A machine for 
breaking or crushing stone ; a stone-breaker; 
an ore-crusher. See cut under stone-breaker. 
2. A stone-dresser. See stone-dresser, 2. 
stone-mint (ston'mint), n. The American dit- 
tany. See Cunila. 
Stone-mortar (ston'mpr'tar), n. A form of 
mortar used for throwing projectiles of irregu- 
lar and varying form, such as stones. 
stonen (sto'nen), a. [< ME. stonen, also ste- 
nen, < AS. steenen, of stone, < stan, stone : see 
stone and -2.] Consisting or made of stone. 
[Obsolete or prov. Eng.] 
He forsothe areride a stonen signe of worship. 
Wyclijf, Gen. xxxv. 14. 
Stone-oak (ston'ok), n. An oak, Quercus Ja- 
vensis, found in Java and other islands: so 
named from its thick osseous nut, which is pe- 
culiar among acorns in being ridged, with the 
cupule fitting into the furrows. 
stone-oil (ston'oil), n. Bock-oil or petroleum. 
Stone-owl (ston'oul), w. The Acadian or saw- 
whet owl, Nyetala acadica, which sometimes 
hides in quarries or piles of rock. See cut un- 
der Nyetala. [Pennsylvania.] 
stone-parsley (st6n'pars"li), . The plant 
Sison Amomum; also, Seseli Libanotis and other 
species of the genus Seseli. See Seseli. 
Stonepecker (ston'pek'fir), re. 1. The turn- 
stone, Strepsilas interpres. See cut under turn- 
stone. [Local, Great Britain.] 2. The purple 
sandpiper, Trinaa maritima, a bird of similar 
resorts and habits. [Shetland Islands.] 
stone-pine (ston'pin), n. See pinei, also oil- 
tree, 5, and pignon, 1. 
stone-pit (ston'pit), n. A pit or quarry where 
stones are dug. 
stone-pitch (ston'pich), . Hard inspissated 
pitch. 
Stone-plover (ston'pluv'er), . 1. The stone- 
curlew, thick-kneed plover, or thick-knee, a 
charadripmorphic or plover-like wading bird of 
the family CEdicnemidie, (Ediciiemus crepitans, 
a common bird of Europe. See cut under (Edic- 
nemus. 2. Hence, one of various limicoline 
birds of the plover and snipe families, (a) The 
Swiss, gray, or bullhead plover, Squatarola helvetica. See 
cut under Swatarola. (b) The ring-plover, .'Eijialilet hiati- 
cula, or the dotterel, Eudromias morinellus a stone-run- 
ner. See cuts under JSgialttes and dotterel, (c) A shore- 
plover of the genus Esacus, as B. recunirostrw. (d) The 
bar-tailed godwit, Limosa lapponirn. See cut under Li- 
mom, (e) The whimbrel, Numenius phaopw. 
Stone-pock (ston'pok), . A hard pimple which 
suppurates; acne. 
stone-priestt (ston'prest), n. A lascivious 
priest. Grim the Collier. (Davies.) 
stoner (sto'ner), n. [< stone + -eri.] One who 
or that which stones, in any sense of that 
word. 
Stone-rag (ston'rag), n. A lichen, Parmelia 
saxa tilts. 
Stone-raw (ston'ra), . 1. Same as stone-rag. 
2. The turnstone, Strepsilas interpres. [Ar- 
magh, Ireland.] 
stonernt (sto'nern), a. [Var. of stonen.'} Con- 
. sisting or made of stone. [Scotch.] 
The West Port is of stonern work, and mair decorated 
with architecture and the policy of bigging. 
Scott, Fortunes of Nigel, ii. 
Stone-roller (ston'ro'ler), . Same as stpne-luq- 
f/er. 
stone-root (ston'rot), n. See horse-balm and 
heal-all. 
Stone-rue (ston're), n. The fern Aspknium 
Ruta-muraria. [Eng.] 
Stone-runner (ston'run' l 'er), n. Same as stone- 
plover. 2 (b). [Prov. Eng.] 
stone-saw (ston'sa), n. A tool or a sawing- 
machine for cutting marble, millstones, and 
building-stones into slabs, disks, columns and 
blocks, either from the live rock in the quarry 
?r " ? SSEtTS 4 The most simple form of machine 
is a flat blade of iron strained tight in a saw-frame and 
reciprocated by means of suitable mechanism. The cut- 
ting is done by particles of sand continually supplied to 
the saw by means of a stream of water. Stone-saw^ of this 
type are usually arranged in gangs, the frame supporting 
5964 
a number of saws, and being suspended liy chains over the 
block to be cut, the spaces between the blades regulating 
the thickness of the slabs. Circular saws have also been 
used to cut thin slabs of stone into narrow pieces by the 
agency of wet sand. An improvement on this method is 
the use of circular saws armed with black diamond! or car- 
bon-points. The saw is placed in a frame resembling an 
iron-planer, the saw-arbor having a vertical motion ; and 
the block of stone, dogged to a traversing table, is fed to 
the saw as the cut is made. Diamond stone-cutting ma- 
chines have also been made in the form of reciprocat- 
ing saws. In one new stone sawing machine, called a 
channeKng-mMchine, used to cut out large blocks and col- 
umns in a quarry, a circular saw having carbon-points is 
employed, the power being applied by means of gearing to 
the edge of the saw instead of at the arbor. Another form 
of quarrying stone-saw consists of an endless band of twist- 
ed wire rope passing in a horizontal direction over large 
pulleys, like a band-saw, and employing wet sand as the 
cutting-material. 
stone's-cast (stonz'kast), n. Same as stone-cast. 
stoneseed (ston'sed), . A plant of the genus 
Lithospermum, particularly the gromwell, L. 
offlcinale and L. arvense. The name, as also 
that of the genus, refers to the hardness of the 
seeds. 
Stonesfield slate. See slate?. 
Stone-shot (ston'shot), . The distance a stone 
can be thrown, either from a cannon or from a 
sling. 
He show'd a tent 
A stone-shot off. Tennyson, Princess, v. 
stone-shower (ston'shou'er), . A fall of aero- 
lites; a meteoric shower. 
stonesmickle (ston'smik'l), . Same as stone- 
chat (e). Also stonesmich, stonesmitch, stone- 
smith. 
stone-snipe (ston'snip), w. 1. The greater tell- 
tale, greater yellowsnanks, or long-legged tat- 
tler, Totanus melanoleucus, a common North 
American bird of the family Scolopacidse. The 
length is from 13 to 14 inches, the extent 24 ; the bill is 2 
or more inches long, the tarsus 2j. The legs are chrome- 
yellow; the bill is greenish-black. The upper parts are 
dusky, speckled with whitish ; the under parts are white 
streaked on the jugulum, marked on the sides, flanks, and 
axillars with dusky bars and arrow-heads. The tail is 
barred with blackish and white. The stone-snipe inhabits 
North America at large, breeding in high latitudes, and is 
chiefly seen In the United States during the migrations and 
in winter. It is a noisy and restless denizen of marshes, 
bays, and estuaries. See cut under yeUtnclegs. 
2. Same as stone-plover, 1. Encyc. Diet. 
stone-sponge (ston'spunj), n. A lithistidan 
sponge: so called from the hardness. See 
Lithistida. 
Stone-squarer (ston'skwar'er), . One who 
forms stones into square shapes ; a stone-cutter. 
And Solomon's builders and Hiram's builders did hew 
them, and the stonesquarers (the Gebalites, E. V.J, 
1 Ki. v. 18. 
stone-Still (ston'stil'), a. [< ME. ston-stille; < 
stone + stilfl.] Still as a stone; absolutely 
motionless, silent, etc. Sir Gawayne and the 
stood 
stonework. See ramje, n. Crandalled stonework. 
See crandull. Random, range, etc., stonework. See 
the qualifying words. 
Stone-Works (ston'werks), ii. sing, and /;/. 1. 
A stone-cutting establishment. 2. An estab- 
lishment for the making of stoneware. Jt-icitt. 
stonewort(ston'wert), 11. [< stone +u-rfl.] 1 
A plant of the genus Charn : so called from the 
calcareous deposits which frequently occur on 
the stems. 2. Sometimes, the stone-parsley, 
N/.WH AlllOmUHI. 
Stone-yard (ston'yard), n. A yard or inclosure 
in which stone-cutters are employed, 
stong (stong), . [A var. of stawffl.] An in- 
strument with which eels are commonly taken. 
Richardson. [Lincolnshire, Eng.] 
Stonifyt (sto'ni-fi), v. t. ; pret. and pp. stonified, 
ppr. stultifying. [< stone + -i-fy.] To make 
stony; petrify. [Bare.] 
Wilkes of stone, a shell-flsh stonified. 
Holland's Catnden, p. 365, margin. (Dames.) 
Stonily (sto'ni-H),(ft'. In a stony manner; stiff- 
ly; harshly; frigidly. 
Stoniness (sto'ni-nes), n. The quality of being 
stony : as, the stoniness of ground or of fruit ; 
stoutness of heart. 
Stonish 1 t(st6'nish),a. [< stone + -j/ji.] Stony. 
Sir T. More, Utopia (tr. by Bobinson), ii. 7. 
Stonish 2 t (ston'ish), v. t. [An aphetic form of 
astonish. Cf. stoKy?.] Same as astonish. Shak., 
Venus and Adonis, 1. 825. 
Stonishmentt (ston'ish-ment), n. Same as as- 
tonishment. Spenser, F. Q'., III. iv. 19. 
Stontt. A Middle English form of slant, stent, 
contraction otstandeth, present indicative third 
person singular of stand. 
Stony 1 (sto'ni), a. [< ME. stoin/, stony, < AS. 
stxniy (= OHG. MHG. steinag, G. stein'ig = Sw. 
stenig), stony, < stdn, stone: see stone. Cf. AS. 
staniht = G. steinicht = Dan. stenet, stony.] 1. 
Containing stones; abounding in stone. 2. 
Made of stone; consisting of stone ; rocky. 
And some fell on stony [the rocky, R. V.) ground where 
it had not much earth ; and immediately it sprang up 
because it had no depth of earth. Mark iv. 6. 
With love's light wings did I o'er-perch these walls 
For stony limits cannot hold love out. 
Shak., R. and J., ii. 2. 67. 
3. Hard like stone, but not made of stone; 
stone-like. 
The cocoa-nut with its stony shell. 
Whittier, The Paun-Tree. 
Specifically, in anat. and zoof., very hard, like a stone 
hard as a rock, (a) Sclerodermic or madreporarian, as 
corals, (fc) Lithistidan, as sponges, (c) Especially thick 
and hard, aa some opercula of shells. See sea-bean 3. Id) 
Petrous or petrosal, as bone, (e) Otolithic, as concretions 
in the ear. See ear-bone, ear stone, ototith. (/) Turned to 
stone ; petrified, as a fossil. 
4. Pertaining to or characteristic of stone: as, 
sturgeon. 
Stone-SUCker (ston'suk'er), w. The lamprey ; 
a petromyzont. [Local, Eng.] 
stone-thrush (ston'thrush), n. The mistle- 
thrush. [Prov. Bug.] 
stone-toter (ston'to'ter), . 1. Same as stone- 
lugger, 1. Also toter. 2. A cyprinoid fish, 
Exoglossum maxillingua: a cut-lips. [Local 
U. S., in both senses.] 
Stone-walling (ston'wa"ling), n. 1. The pro- 
cess of walling with stone ; hence, walls built of 
stone. Encyc. Brit., II. x. 388. 2. Parliamen- 
tary obstruction by talking against time, rais- 
ing technical objections, etc. [Australia.] 
He is great at stone-walling tactics, and can talk against 
time by the hour. 
Mrs. Campbell Praed, The Head Station, p. 35. 
stoneware (ston'war), . Potters' ware made 
from clay of very silicious nature, or a compo- 
sition of clay and flint. The clay is beaten in water 
and punfled, and the flint is calcined, ground, and suspend- 
ed in water, and then mixed (in various proportions for 
various wares) with the clay. The mixture is then dried 
in a kiln untU it is sufficiently solid to be kneaded and is 
then beaten and tempered before being molded into shape 
When fired it is not porous, like common pottery, but vit- 
rified through its whole substance In consequence of the 
great amount of silex contained in the prepared clay. Ves- 
sels of stoneware are generally glazed by means of common 
salt. Ihesalt, being thrown into the furnace, is volatilized 
by heat, becomes attached to the surface of the ware, and 
is decomposed, the muriatic acid flying off and leaving the 
soda behind it to form a flne thin glaze on the ware, which 
resists ordinary acids. The old German stoneware had of- 
ten a vitreous glaze. See grei de Flandres, under mes, and 
Cologne ware, under ware?. 
stoneweed (ston'wed), n. 1. Same as stone- 
seed. 2. The doorweed, Polygonum aviculare. 
Britten and Holland. [Prov. Eng.] 
Stonework (ston'werk), . Work consisting of 
stone; masons' work of stone.- Broken-range 
Of shale and hornblende, rag and trap and tuff. 
Tennyson, Princess, iii. 
5. Bigid; fixed; hard, especially in a moral 
sense; hardened; obdurate. 
Thou knowest that all these things do little or nothing 
move my mind my heart. O Lord, is so stony. 
J. Bradford, Works (Parker Soc., 1868), II. 267. 
6. Painfully hard and cold; chilling; frigid; 
freezing. 
The stony feare 
Ran to his hart, and all his sence dismayd. 
Spenser, F. Q., II. viii. 46. 
Out of my stony griefs 
Bethel 111 raise. 
Sarah F. Adams, Nearer, my God, to Thee. 
He ... 
Gorgonised me from head to foot 
With a stony British stare. 
Tennyson, Maud, xiii. 
Stony cataract, a cataract with great hardening of the 
lens. 
Stony 2 t, ''. [< ME. stonyen, stonien; cf. astony, 
stunl, stouiuP, and aston..'] I. trans. 1. To 
stun. 
He was stonyed of the stroke that he myght not stonde 
on his feet ne meve no membre that he hadde. 
Merlin (E. E. T. S.), ii. 266. 
2. To astonish ; confound. 
Sothely thise wordes when I here thaym or redis tham 
stanyes me. Hampole, Prose Treatises (E. E. T. S.), p. 43. 
II. intrans. To be or become stunned or as- 
tounded. 
By land and sea, so well he him acquitte, 
To speake of him I stony in my witte. 
Batluyt's Voyages, I. 296. 
Stony-hearted (sto'ni-har'ted), a. Hard- 
hearted; unfeeling; obdurate. Shak.. 1 Hen. 
IV., ii. 2. 28. 
Stood (stud). Preterit and past participle of 
stand. 
