ABBREVIATIONS 
USED IN THE ETYMOLOGIES AND DEFINITIONS. 
a.,adj adjective. 
abbr abbreviation. 
abL aMativr. 
ace accusative. 
accuin accommodated, accom- 
mcHlatlun. 
act active. 
dv adverb. 
AF Anglo-French. 
agrl agriculture. 
AL Anglo-Latin. 
alg algebra. 
Amer American. 
anat anatomy. 
anc ... ancient. 
antiq antiquity. 
aor aorist. 
appar. apparently. 
Ar Arabic. 
arch architecture. 
archipol arctueology. 
arith arithmetic. 
art article. 
AS Anglo-Saxon. 
astro! astrology. 
astron astronomy. 
attrib attributive. 
aug augmentative. 
Bay Bavarian. 
Beng Bengali. 
blol biology. 
Bohem Bohemian. 
hot botany. 
Braz Brazilian. 
Bret Breton. 
bryol bryology. 
Bulg Bulgarian. 
carp carpentry. 
Cat Catalan. 
Cath Catholic. 
caus. causative. 
coram .ceramics. 
cf L. confer, compare. 
ch church. 
Chal Chaldee. 
chem chemical, chemistry. 
Chin Chinese. 
chron chronology. 
colloq colloquial, colloquially. 
com commerce, commer- 
cial. 
comp composition, com- 
pound. 
compar. comparative. 
conch conchology. 
conj conjunction. 
contr. contracted, contrac- 
tion. 
Com Cornish. 
cranlol craniology. 
cranlom craniometry. 
crystal crystallography. 
D Dutch. 
Dan Danish. 
dat dative. 
de( definite, definition. 
deriv derivative, derivation. 
dial dialect, dialectal. 
dlft different. 
dim diminutive. 
distrib distributive. 
dram dramatic. 
dynam dynamics. 
E East. 
E. English (imtallii mean- 
ing modern English). 
eccl., eccles ecclesiastical. 
econ economy. 
e. g L. exempli gratia, for 
example. 
Egypt Egyptian. 
E. Ind East Indian. 
elect electricity. 
vmhryol embryology. 
Eng English. 
engin engineering. 
entom entomology. 
Epls Episcopal. 
equiv equivalent. 
esp especially. 
Ktb Kthloplc. 
ethnog ethnography. 
ethnol ethnology. 
etjrm etymology. 
Enr. European. 
exclam exclamation. 
f., fern. feminine. 
F. French (usually mean- 
ing modern French). 
Flem Flemish. 
fort. fortification. 
freq frequentative. 
Fries. Friesic. 
fut future. 
Qenatui(utuallymean- 
ing New High Ger- 
man). 
Oael Gaelic. 
galY. galvanism. 
gen. genitive. . 
geog geography. 
geol geology. 
geom geometry. 
Goth. Gothic (MossogothlcX 
Or. Greek. 
gram grammar. 
gun gunnery. 
Heb Hebrew. 
her. heraldry. 
herpet herpetology. 
Hind Hindustani. 
hist history. 
horol horology. 
hort horticulture. 
Hung Hungarian. 
hydraul hydraulics. 
hydros hydrostatics. 
Icel Icelandic (usually 
meaning Old Ice- 
landic, otherwise call- 
. ed Old Norse). 
ichth Ichthyology. 
I. e L. id ett, that is. 
impers impersonal. 
Impf imperfect. 
impv imperative. 
improp Improperly. 
Ind Indian. 
rnd. Indicative. 
Indo-Eur Indo-European. 
Indef. indefinite. 
inf Infinitive. 
instr Instrumental. 
inter] Interjection. 
intr., Intrans intransitive. 
Ir. Irish. 
Irreg Irregular, irregularly. 
It Italian. 
Jap Japanese. 
! Latin (:i.-,u ill,/ mean- 
ing classical Latin). 
Lett Lettish. 
M ; Low German. 
Hchenol llchenology. 
lit literal, literally. 
lit literature. 
Llth Lithuanian. 
lithog lithography. 
llthol lithology. 
LL. Late Latin. 
m., masc masculine. 
M. Middle. 
mach machinery. 
mammal mammalogy. 
manuf. manufacturing. 
math mathematics. 
MD. Middle Dutch. 
ME. Middle English (at her- 
wise called Old Eng- 
lish). 
mech mechanics, mechani- 
cal. 
med medicine. 
mensur mensuration. 
metal metallurgy. 
metaph metaphysics. 
meteor. meteorology. 
Mex. Mexican. 
MGr. Middle Greek, medic- 
val Greek. 
M Hii Middle High German. 
milit military. 
mineral. mineralogy. 
M L Middle Latin, medie- 
val Latin. 
MLO Middle Low German. 
mod modern. 
mycol mycology. 
myth mythology. 
n noun. 
M., ni'iit. neuter. 
N New. 
N, North. 
N. Amer North America. 
uat. natural. 
naut nautical. 
DT. navigation. 
NGr New Greek, modern 
Greek. 
NHG New High German 
(usually simply G., 
German). 
NL. New Latin, modern 
Latin. 
limn nominative. 
Norm Norman. 
north northern. 
Norw Norwegian. 
numls numismatics. 
O Old. 
obs. ... obsolete. 
obstet obstetrics. 
OBulg Old Bulgarian (other- 
wise called Church 
Slavonic, Old Slavic, 
Old Slavonic). 
OCat Old Catalan. 
OD. Old Dutch. 
ODan Old Danish. 
odontog odontography. 
odontol odontology. 
OF Old French. 
OFlem Old Flemish. 
OGaeL Old Gaelic. 
OHG Old High German. 
Olr. Old Irish. 
Olt Old Italian. 
OL. Aid Latin. 
OLG Old Low German. 
ONorth Old Northumbrian. 
OPruss Old Prussian. 
orlg original, originally. 
ornlth ornithology. 
OS Old Saxon. 
OSp Old Spanish. 
osteoL osteology. 
O8w Old Swedish. 
OTeut i JM Teutonic. 
p. a. participial adjective. 
paleon paleontology. 
part. participle. 
pass. passive. 
pathol pathology. 
pert. perfect. 
Pen. Persian. 
per*. person. 
persp. perspective. 
Peruv Peruvian. 
petrog petrography. 
Pg Portuguese. 
phar pharmacy. 
Phen Phenlcian. 
phllol philology. 
philos philosophy. 
phonog phonography. 
photog photography. 
phren phrenology. 
pliys physical. 
phynlol physiology. 
pl.,plur plural. 
poet. poetical. 
polit political. 
Pol PolUh. 
poss possessive. 
pp past participle. 
ppr present participle. 
Pr. Provencal (usually 
meaning Old Pro- 
vencal). 
pref prefix. 
prep preposition. 
pres. present. 
pret preterit 
priv privative. 
prob probably, probable. 
pron pronoun. 
pron pronounced, pronun- 
ciation. 
prop properly. 
pros prosody. 
Prot Protestant. 
prov provincial. 
psychoL psychology. 
q. v L. quod (or pi. qu&) 
vide, which see. 
refl. reflexive. 
reg regular, regularly. 
repr representing. 
rhet rhetoric. 
Rom Roman. 
Rom Romanic, Romance 
(languages). 
RUBS. Russian. 
8. South. 
s. Amer South American. 
sc L. scilicet, understand, 
supply. 
Sc Scotch. 
Scand Scandinavian. 
Scrip Scripture. 
sculp sculpture. 
Serv Servian. 
sing singular. 
Skt. Sanskrit. 
Slav Slavic, Slavonic. 
Sp Spanish. 
MI b j subjunctive. 
superl superlative. 
surg surgery. 
snrv surveying. 
8w Swedish. 
tfn synonymy. 
Syr. Syrlac. 
techuol technology. 
teleg telegraphy. 
teratol teratology. 
term termination. 
Teut Teutonic. 
theat theatrical 
theoL theology. 
therap therapeutics. 
toxlcol toxicology. 
tr., trans transitive. 
trigon trigonometry. 
Turk Turkish. 
typog typography. 
nil. ultimate, ultimately. 
T. verb. 
rar. variant 
vet. veterinary. 
T. L intransitive verb. 
T. t transitive verb. 
W Welsh. 
Wall Walloon. 
Wallach WaUachlan. 
W. Ind West Indian. 
zoogeog toogeography.. 
lool zoology. 
Boot. ... rootomy. 
