Strychnos 
\ieMingstryclinlni'. trr rtriirhniiir ; for.V. .\ns nnniea, see 
al.so mis roinirn, liruritir, ami .1 it<rxliirn VfrA-(nniler foirJIr-); 
fur.S'. Ti'-lit'.''l"'lti!;; fin .S 1 . i;,f/>>" . '>! ; fur ,s'. /7 
niltii, ,SY I'lnittiiix I'l'ini*, ilnilri /icff /( I . Kur ,S'. tusijera, see 
ritrtiri; for >', PlMMfOtgufo^ Mpotfdfo 2 ; t"i >'. / ' 
I.I|-<M all* .1 u-ater-Jiltrr nut), sec cteariiw-Hut. The nit uf 
Went African apeolM i, n-id in ordeals. Although the 
seeds are IIH!i;i!ly poisonous the fruit nf sevelal s|>eries, ;is 
ill I lnli:i of ,V. potabtrttin, in .lava of X 'l'i'-ii''- t anil in Ktfypt 
iinil Senegal "f .S'- ilium-lid, ei>iiiam-> ;i pull, which i* ati iir- 
tlcle of food. ,S'. ptBoutrma, tin Qiuooautiid strychnine. 
tree, is an evergreen slmililiy climher, sunn-tunes ciilti- 
vateil. 
strynet, ''. '. An obsolete variant uf xlniiiil. 
stuardt, stuartt, . old spellings of xifimril. 
Stuartialstii Hr'ti-ii), . [M,. (Linmeus, 17">:(), 
mimed al'liT .Inliii Stuart, Marquis of Bute, a 
patron dl' liotaiiy.] 1. A p'MUH of polypetalous 
plants, of the order Ternxtm ininci-ie and tribe 
liin-il'inii'ie. It la characterized by flowers with nearly 
equal sepals, anil n ovary which contuhiH two ascending 
ovules In each of its live cells, and ripens into a loculici- 
dal and somewhat woody capsule uilh lenticular seeds, 
little albumen, and a straight cmlnvo with a slender Infe- 
i iur radicle. There ;u <'; -|. Ti.-s, natives of Nultli America 
and Japan. They aie.-lirnlis \\ith membranous deciduous 
loaves, and thort-pedoncled tlowcra solitary in the axils, 
ofti-n large and showy, each usually of five imbricated pe- 
tals, and numerous stamens with versatile anthers. Two 
handsome whlte-tlowered species, from the mountains of 
Virginia, Kentucky and southward, are sometimes cultl- 
\,iti <[ under the name of stunrtin .9. Virifinica with a 
single style, and .S. nentagitna with live styles and larger 
leaves. S. Pseudo-Camellia , from Japan, is also in culti- 
vation in ornamental grounds. 
2. [I. c.] A shrub of this genus. 
Stub Mub), " [< MK. xliib, stublx, < AS. xtyb 
= D. sMibe = LG. stubbe = leel. stubbi, xtobbi, 
also tstiibbr = Norw. stitbbf, stubb = S\v. xtubbr. 
xinbb = Dan. stub, a stump, stub. Of. Gael. 
slob, a stake, stub, Lith. xteba*, an upright pil- 
lr, mast, L. stipe*, a post, Gr. orwrof, a stump, 
Skt. xtttuiblia, a post, / xttuiiblt, make firm, set 
fast. Vf.xtHHipH.iidxtiibble.'] 1. The end of a 
fallen tree, shrub, or plant remaining in the 
ground; a stump; now, especially, a short 
stump or projecting root, of inconspicuous size. 
Here stands a drle stub of some tree, a cuhlte from the 
ground. Chapman, Iliad, xxiil. 305. 
2. A projection like a stump; a piece or part 
of something sticking out : as, a dog with only 
;i xtiib of a tail ; the stub of a broken tooth. 
The horn (of the buff alo| at three months is about 1 inch 
in length, and Is a mere little black stub. 
W. T. Hornadan, Smithsonian Report (1887), ii. 387. 
3. A short remaining piece of something; a ter- 
minal remnant: as, the stub of a pencil or of a 
rifrar: a xt nl>< if candle. 4. A worn horseshoe- 
nail; a stub-nail; specifically, in the plural, 
nails, or bits of iron of the quality of old horse- 
shoe-nails, used as material for gun-barrels or 
other articles requiring great toughness. 
Every blacksmith's shop rung with the rhythmical 
clang of busy hammers, beating out old Iron, such as 
horse-shoes, nails, or etubx, into the great harpoons. 
Mm. OaskeU, Sylvia's Lovers, xvi. 
5. Something truncated, resembling a small 
stump, or constituting a terminal remnant. 
(a) A blunt-pointed pen ; a stub-pen. (6) A stationary 
stud iti a lock, which acts as a detent for the tumblers 
when their slots are in engagement with it. (c) A short 
tile adapted to working in and around depressions that 
cannot be reached by an ordinary file. (d) The unsawed 
butt-end of a plank. See stub-shot, 1. 
6. The inner end of one of the duplicate num- 
bered blanks in a check-book or the like, which 
is left in the book with a memorandum corre- 
sponding to the check or other blank which is 
filled out and detached ; counterfoil. 7t. Fig- 
uratively, a block : a blockhead. 
Our dullest and laziest youth, our stocks and stubs. 
. Milton, Education. 
Stub damascus. See damntcu*. 
Stub (stub), r. t. ; pret. and pp. stubbed, ppr. 
[= Sw. stiibba = Dan. sfubbe, cut 
short, dock, curtail; from the noun.] 1. To 
"rub up by the roots ; pull or raise the stub of; 
pull or raise as a stub: as, to stub a tree; to 
stub up roots. 
The other tree was grlev'd, 
Grew scrubbed, died a-top, was stunted; 
So the next parson etubb'tl and burnt it 
Swift, Baucis and Philemon. 
2. To clear of stubs ; grub up stubs or roots 
from, as land. 
N"lilmt a bit on it's left, an' I mean'd to 'a etubb'd it at 
fall. Tennymn, Northern Farmer (Old Style). 
A large fenceil-in Held, well ttubbed, on which the ma- 
nure from the cattle is spread. 
Harprr'1 May., LXXVIH. 424. 
3. To make a stub of; cut to a stub; give a 
truncated or stubbed appearance to ; truncate: 
as, to stub off a post or a quill pen. 4. To ruin 
by extravagance. IluUhrrU. fProv. Eng.] 
S. To strike against something projecting from 
n surface ; stump : as, to stub one's foot. [U. S.] 
MM 
Stubbed (stuliVd i.r stubd), (I. [< uliih + -ftl'*.] 
1. Kescmbling a stuli; short and lilunt; trun- 
cated. 
Hang upon ourttvbbcd horns 
(larlands, ribands, and tine posle*. 
B. ./",,,, Masque of Oberon. 
2. Hough with roots and stumps; stubby. 
Then came a bit of stubbed ground, once a wood. 
Browning, childe Roland. 
3. Blunt or rugged in character; not delicate 
or sensitive; hardy. 
The hardness of ttubbfd vulgar constitutions renders 
them Insensible of a thousand things that fret and gall 
those delicate people. Bp. Berkeley, Slrls, | 106. 
Stubbedness (stul>'i-d-nes), H. Bluntness; ob- 
tllsi'iirss. 
stubbiness (stub'i-nes), w. 1. The state of 
being stubby. 2. Same as stitbbedness. 
Stubble (stub'l), H. [Also dial, stopple; < ME. 
xtubblt ", xliihlM-t, atiilibyl, ntnbil, utobul, stouple, < 
OF. xtiihlf, ixtiible, estoble. estouble, estouli . i-x- 
Inullf, entente, F. etoublf, eteule = Pr. estobln = 
It. xto/ii/iu = MD. D. stonnel = LG. stoji/j<li , 
x/l,lirl = OHG. sl,i,,jil,i. MHG. stupfel, G. step- 
pel, stubble; all appar. < L. stipala, dim. of 
xtipes, a stalk, etc.: seetttipule. The word has 
been confused in ML., etc. .with lj.stuppa,Ktnini, 
xtipa, tow, and in E. with stub."] 1. The lower 
ends of grain-stalks, collectively, left standing 
in the ground when the crop is cut ; the cover- 
ing of a harvested field of grain. 
They turned In their ttubbh to sow another croppe of 
wheate in the same place. Coryat, Crudities, 1 161. 
2. Something resembling or analogous to stub- 
ble, especially a short rough beard, or the short 
hair on a cropped head. See stubbly. 
stubbled (stub'ld), . [< stubble + -**f2.] 1. 
Covered with stubble; stubbly. 
A crow was strutting o'er the gtubbled plain, 
Just as a lark, descending, clos'd his strain. 
'.'"//. To the Right lion. Paul Methuen. 
2f. Stubbed. 
stubble-field (stub'1-feld), H. A field covered 
with stubble; a piece of ground from which 
grain has been cut. 
stubble-goose (stub'1-gSs), n. [< ME. stubbcl- 
ijoos; < stubble + goose.] 1. The gray lag goose. 
A naer einercus. Also called harvest-goose. 
Of many a pilgrym hastow Crystes curs, 
For of thy percely yet they fare the wore 
That they ban eten with thy tlubbel gout. 
Chaucer, Prol. to Cook's Tale, 1. z7. 
2. See the quotation, and compare yreen-goottc. 
So Ktubble-geese at Michaelmas are seen 
Upon the spit ; next May produces green. 
W. King, Art of Cookery, 1. 77. 
stubble-land (stub'1-land), H. Land covered 
with stubble; a stubble-field. Male.. 1 Hen. 
IV., i. 3. 35. 
stubble-plow (stub'1-plou), n. A plow espe- 
cially adapted for turning up stubbly ground. 
stubble-rake (stub'1-rak), . A rake for glean- 
ing a reaped field. 
stubble-turner (stub'l-ter'ner), H. A wing at- 
tachment to a plow to turn down stubble, etc., 
in advance of the plowshare. 
Stubbly (stub'li), a. [< stubble + -yl.] 1. 
Covered with stubble; stubbled. 
He ... rubbed his ttvbbty chin with a sort of bewil- 
dered thoughtfulness. Harper 1 * Mag., \.\\\. 357. 
2. Resembling stubble ; short and stiff. 
A young man of aggressive manners, whose stubbly black 
hair stood out from his head. The Century, XXXVII. 600. 
Stub-book (stub'buk), . A book containing 
only stubs, and serving as a record of the checks 
or other papers detached from them. 
The filed stub-book! of stamps, ,iow occupying a very 
large and rapidly increasing space in the files-rooms. 
Rep. of Sec. of Treatury, 1886, p. 700. 
Stubborn (stub'oru), n. [Early mod. E. also 
stubburne, shtburnc ; < ME. stoottrn, stoburne. 
styburne, stiburn, stiborn, stibourne ; prob. orig. 
'stybor, *$tibor (the final n being due to mis- 
dividing of the derived noun stybornessc taken 
as *stybornnesse (E. stubbornness), or a mere ad- 
dition as in bittern*, slattern), appar. < AS. 
styb, a stump, stub, T adj. formative -or as in 
AS. bitor, E. bitter, etc.] If. Sturdy; stout; 
strong. 
I was yong and ful of ragerye, 
Stibourne and strong and joly as a pye. 
Chaucer, Prol. to Wife of Bath's Tale, 1. 456. 
2. Fixed or set in opinion or purpose ; obsti- 
nately determined ; inflexibly resolute ; not to 
be moved by persuasion ; unyielding. 
The queen is obstinate, 
Stubborn to justice, apt to accuse ft, and 
Disdainful to be tried by 't. 
Shak., Hen. VIII., ii 4. 122. 
stub- Iron 
Some nf them, for their itubbtim iffimlni! the Orace he 
had nUrpil them, were ndjndgi-d to Death, and ti 
tlni-'l. Hill,! i, rlnuni' ] s. p. 172. 
3. Persistently obdurate: obtDM to ftMOS <H 
right; obstinately perverse. (This scnx. depend. 
upon the connection, and Is not always clearly distinguish- 
able from the preceding, since what Is justifiable or natu- 
ral persistence from one point of view may lit- shn-r per- 
versity from another.] 
And he that holdlthe a quarel agayn right. 
Holdyng his purpos Htibtirn ageyn reason. 
l.nd-mlr. Order "f KiM.U 
They ceased not from their own doings, nor from their 
stubborn way. Judges ii. 1. 
Sirrah, thou art said to have a ntuMttrm soul. 
That apprehends no further than this world. 
Mnk.. \l. f..r M., v. 1.486. 
From the necessity of bowing down the stubborn neck 
of their pride and ambition to the yoke of moderation and 
virtue. Burke, Rev. In France. 
4. Persistently pursued or practised; obsti- 
nately maintained ; not readily abandoned or 
relinquished. 
Stubborn attention, and more than common application. 
Lockt. 
Proud as he is, that Iron heart retains 
Its ttubborn purpose, and his friends disdains. 
Pope, Iliad, Ix. 742. 
Stout were their hearts, and ttubborn was their strife. 
Scott, The Poacher. 
5. Difficult of treatment or management; hard 
to deal with or handle ; not easily manipulated : 
refractory; tough; unyielding; stiff. 
Facts are ttubborn things. Proverbial myiivj. 
In hissing flames huge silver bare are roll'd, 
And ftubborn brass, and tin, and solid gold. 
Pope, Iliad, xvlli. 646. 
While round them xtulibfirii thorns and furze increase, 
And creeping briars. Dyer, Fleece, i. 107. 
Not Hope herself, with all her flattering art, 
Can cure this stubborn sickness of the heart. 
Crabbe, Works, I. 140. 
Stubborn marble Is that which, on account of its exces- 
sive hardness, Is very difllcult to work, and is apt to fly off 
In splinters. Marble-Worker, i 85. 
6t. Harsh ; rough ; rude ; coarse in texture or 
quality. 
Like strict men of order, 
They do correct their bodies with a bench 
* M a poor stubborn table. 
Beau, and Fl., Scornful Lady, Iv. 2. 
Their Cloth [made from bark] . . . Is stubborn when new, 
wears out soon. Dampier, Voyages, I. 318. 
If Hector's Spouse was clad in stubborn Stuff, 
A Soldier's Wife became It well enough. 
Congrem, tr. of Ovid s Art of Love. 
= Syn. 2 and 3. Refractory, Intractable, etc. (see obstinate) : 
wilful, headstrong, unruly, inflexible, obdurate, ungovern- 
able, indocile, mulish. 
stubborn (stub'orn), p. t. [< stubborn, .] To 
make stubborn; render stiff, unyielding, en- 
during, or the like. [Rare.] 
Slaty ridge 
Stubborn'd with iron. Keats, Hyperion, ii. 
Stubbornly (stub'orn-li), adv. In a stubborn 
manner; inflexibly; obstinately. 
Stubbornness (stub'orn-nes), . [Early mod. 
E. stubbernesse ; < ME. styburnesxe, xtibornesse, 
etc. : see stubborn.] The state or character of 
being inflexible or stubborn; obstinate per- 
sistence, obduracy, or refractoriness. 
stubborn-shafted (stub'orn-shaf 'ted), a. Hav- 
ing a stiff or unyielding shaft or trunk. [Bare.] 
Before a gloom of gtubborn-thajled oaks, 
Three . . . horsemen waiting. 
Tennyson, Oeralnt 
Stubby (stub'i), a. [< stub + -yi.] 1. Abound- 
ing with stubs. 2. Short, thick, and stiff; 
stubbed : as, stubby bristles ; stubby fingers. 
stub-damask (stub'dam'ask), a. A kind of 
damaskeened iron made of stubs, used for shot- 
gun barrels. See xtnli-tirix/. 
Stub damask is made from the same materials as stub 
twist, but the rods after the first drawing are subjected 
to a high degree of torsion, and two or three of them are 
then welded laterally to form the ribbon. 
Amrr. Cyc., VII. 356. 
stub-end (stub'end'), H. In mach., the enlarged 
rectangular end or prism of a pitman or con- 
necting-rod, over which the strap of a strap- 
joint passes, forming with the end of the prism 
a rectangular inclosure which holds the brasses 
or boxes fitted to a crank-wrist or to a cross- 
head pin. Compare strap-joint. 
The keyway Is the butt or stub end of the rod. 
Joshua Rote, Practical Machinist, p. 403. 
stub-feather (stub'feTH'er), n. One of the 
short feathers left on a fowl after it has been 
plucked; a pin-feather. Halliirell. 
stub-iron (stub'i'fern), ii. Iron formed from 
stubs, used principally for making fine gun- 
barrels. 
