subandean 
of I lie highest Andean mountains: specifying 
A certain faunal area. (See below.) Suban- 
dean subregion, In lomjeog., one of four subregions into 
which the continent of South America (with the islands 
appertaining thereto) has been divided by A. Newton. It 
includes a not well denned northerly section of the conti- 
nent with the islands of Tobago, Trinidad, and the Gala- 
pagos, and takes in all the South American countries that 
do not belong to the Amazonian, Brazilian, or Patagonian 
subregion. The Subandean subregion includes what has 
also been called the Columbian (or Colombian), but is 
more extensive. It is recognized upon ornithological 
grounds, and said to possess 72 peculiar genera of birds. 
Kncyc. Brit., III. 744. 
subangled (sub-ang'gld), a. Same as subangu- 
lur Subangled wave. See wave. 
subangular (sub-ang'gu-liir), a. Slightly angu- 
lar; bluntly angulated. H uxley, Physiography, 
p. 278. 
subangulate, subangulated (sub-ang'gu-lat, 
-la-ted), . Somewhat angled or sharp. 
subantichrist (sub-an'ti-knst), 11. A person 
or power partially antagonistic to Christ; a 
lesser antichrist. 'Milton, Church-Government, 
i. 6. [Bare.] 
subapennine (sub-ap'e-nin), a. [= F. subapen- 
iiin, < L. sub, under, + Apennintis, Apennine : 
see Apennine.'] Being at the base or foot of the 
Apennines Subapennine series, in geol., a series 
of rocks of Pliocene age, developed in Italy on the flanks 
of the Apennines, and also in Sicily. In the Ligurian re- 
gion the Pliocene has been divided into Messinian and 
Astian ; in Sicily, into Astian, Plaisancian, and Zanclean. 
In the last region these rocks rise to an elevation of 
4,000 feet above the sea-level, and are replete with well- 
preserved forms of organic life now living in the Medi- 
terranean. 
subapical (sub-ap'i-kal), a. [< L. sub, under, + 
apex, point: see apical.] Situated below the 
apex. 
subaponeurotic (sub-ap"o-nu-rot'ik), a. [< L. 
sub, under, + NL. aponeurosis: see aponeurotic.] 
Situated beneath an aponeurosis. 
subapostolic (sub-ap-os-tol'ik), a. Of, pertain- 
ing to, or constituting the period succeeding 
that of the apostles : as, subapostolic literature. 
Encyc. Brit., XI. 854. 
STlbappressed (sub-a-presf), a. In eiitom., part- 
ly appressed : as, subappressed hairs. 
subaquatic (sub-a-kwat'ik), a. 1. Not entire- 
ly aquatic, as a wading bird. 2. [= F. sub- 
aquatique.] Situated or formed in or below the 
surface of the water; subaqueous. 
subaqueous (sub-a'kwe-us), a. [= It. sub- 
aqueo; as L. sub, under, + E. aqueous.'] Situa- 
ted, formed, or living under water ; subaquatic. 
SUbarachnoid (sub-a-rak'noid), a. 1. Situated 
beneath the arachnoid that is, between that 
membrane and the pia mater : as, the snbaracli- 
noid space. 2f. Subdural Subarachnoid fluid, 
the cerebrospinal fluid. Subarachnoid space, the 
space between the arachnoid membrane and the pia 
mater. 
snbarachnoidal, subarachnoidean (sub-ar-ak- 
noi'dal, -de-an), a. Same as MibaracJmoicl. H. 
Gra#,"Anat."(ed. 1887), p. 653. 
subarborescent (sub-ar-bo-res'eut), . Having 
a somewhat tree-like aspect. 
subarctic (sub-ark'tik), a. Nearly arctic ; ex- 
isting or occurring a little south of the arctic 
circle: as, a subarctic region or fauna ; subarc- 
tic animals or plants ; a subarctic climate. 
subarcuate (sub-iii''ku-at), . Somewhat bent 
or bowed; slightly arcuated. 
subarcuated (sub-ar'ku-a-ted), a. Same as sub- 
arcuate. 
SUbareolar(sub-a-re'o-lar),rt. Situated beneath 
the mammary areola. Subareolar abscess, a fu- 
runcular subcutaneous abscess of the areola of the nipple. 
subarmor (sub'ar"mor), n. A piece of armor 
worn beneath the visible outer defense. J. 
Hewitt, Anc. Armour, II. 132. 
subarrhation (sub-a-ra'shon), n. [< ML.*s/)- 
arratio(it-), < subarrare, betroth, < L. sub, under, 
+ arrka, earnest-money, a pledge : see arrha.~\ 
The ancient custom or rite of betrothing by the 
bestowal, on the part of the man, of marriage 
gifts or tokens, as money, rings, or other ob- 
jects, upon the woman. Also stibarration. 
The prayer which follows . . . takes the place of a long 
form of blessing which followed the subarrhation in the 
ancient office. 
Blmit, Annotated Book of Common Prayer, p. 455. 
SUbastragalar (sub-as-trag'a-lar), a. Situated 
beneath the astragalus Subastragalar ampu- 
tation, amputation of most of the foot, leaving only the 
astragalus. 
subastragaloid (sub-as-trag'a-loid), ii. Situ- 
ated beneath or below the astragalus. 
subastral (sub-as'tral), a. [< L. sub, under, + 
iixtrnm, a star: see 'astral.] Situated beneath 
the stars or heavens ; terrestrial. 
tiO 1 (5 
subaud (sub-ad'), c. t. [< L. siibandirc, supply a 
word omitted, hear a little, < sub, under, + IIH- 
dirc, hear: see audient.] To supply mentally, 
as a word or an ellipsis. Imp. Diet. [Rare.] 
subaudition (sub-a-dish'on), H. [< L. Kubiiudi- 
tio(n-), the supplying of a word omitted, < sub- 
iniilire, supply a word omitted: see subaud.] 
The act of understanding something not ex- 
pressed; that which is understood or implied 
from that which is expressed ; understood 
meaning. Home Tooke. 
subaural (sub-a'ral), a. Situated beneath or 
below the ear. 
subaxillar (sub-ak'si-lar), . and . Same as 
NiibajciHary. 
subaxillary (sub-ak'si-la-ri), a. and . I. . 
1. In ro67. : (a) Situated beneath the axilla or 
armpit, (b) Specifically, in ornitli., same as ax- 
illary: as, "subaxillary feathers," Pennant. 2. 
In bot., placed under an axil, or angle formed by 
the branch of a plant with the stem, or by a leaf 
with the branch Subaxillary region. See ret/ion. 
II. .; pi- subaxillaries (-riz). In ornitli., 
same as axillar or axillary. 
snbbass (sub'bas), . In organ-building, a pedal 
stop resembling either the open or the stopped 
diapason, and of 1 6- or 32-feet tone. Also called 
xubbourdoit. 
subblush (sub-blush'), c. i. To blush slightly. 
[Rare.] 
Raising up her eyes, nub-blushing as she did it. 
Sterne, Tristram Shandy, ix. 25. 
subbourdon (sub-bor'don), n. 
subbracbial (sub-bra'ki-al), a. and . Same as 
subbrachiate. 
SUbbracMate (sub-bra'ki-at), a. and w. I. . 
Situated under the pectorals, as the ventral fins ; 
having the ventrals under the pectorals, as a 
fish. 
II. n. A subbrachiate fish. See Subbrachiati. 
Subbrachiati (sub-brak-i-a'ti), n. pi. An or- 
der of malacopterygian fishes, containing those 
which are subbrachiate : contrasted with Apo- 
des and Abdominales. See under Malacopterygii . 
subbracb.yceph.alic (sub-brak*i-se-fal'ik or 
-sef'a-lik), . Nearly but not quite brachyce- 
phalic; somewhat short-headed; having a ce- 
phalic index of 80.01 to 83.33 (Broca). Nature, 
XLI. 357. 
subbranch (sub'branch), n. 1. A subdivision 
of a branch, in any sense of that word. jr. S. Je- 
i-ons, Money and the Mechanism of Exchange, 
p. 258. 2. Specifically, in zoological classifi- 
cation, a prime division of a branch or phylum ; 
a subphylum. 
subbranchial (sub-brang'ki-al), a. Situated 
under the gills. 
subbreed (sub'bred), . A recognizable strain 
or marked subdivision of a breed ; an incipient 
artificial race or stock. Darwin. 
subbrigadier (sub'brig-a-der"), . An officer in 
the Horse Guards who ranks as cornet. [Eng.] 
subcalcareous(sub-kal-ka're-us), n. Somewhat 
calcareous. 
subcalcarine (sub-karka-rin), . Situated be- 
low the calcar, as of a bird, or below the calca- 
rine fissure of the brain. 
subcaliber (sub-kal'i-ber), a. Of less caliber: 
said of a projectile as compared with the bore 
of the gun. See subcaliber projectile, under pro- 
jectile. 
subcantor (sub-kan'tor), H. In music, same as 
succentor, 1. 
subcapsular (sub-kap'su-lar), a. Situated un- 
der a capsule ; being in the cavity of a capsule. 
Lancet, 1889, I. 787 Subcapsular epithelium, an 
epithelioid lining of the inside of the capsule of a spinal 
ganglion. 
Subcarboniferous(sub-kar-bo-nif'e-rus),M.and 
a. In geol., a name given by some geologists 
to the mountain-limestone division of the Car- 
boniferous series, or that part of the series 
which lies beneath the millstone-grit. See car- 
boniferous. 
SUbcartilaginOUS (sub-kar-ti-laj'i-nus), a. 1. 
Situated below or beneath cartilage ; lying un- 
der the costal cartilages; hypochondrial. 2. 
Partly or incompletely cartilaginous. 
subcaudal (sub-ka'dal), a. and i. I. .. 1. 
Situated under the tail ; placed on the under 
side of the tail : as, subcavdal chevron-bones ; 
the subcaudal scutes, or urosteges, of a snake. 
2. Not quite caudal or terminal ; situated near 
the tail or tail-end; subterminal __ Subcaudal 
8 OUCh, a pocket or recess beneath the root of the tail of 
ie badger, above the anus, into which empty the secre- 
tions of certain subcaudal glands distinct from the ordi- 
nary anal or perinea! glands of other Muxtelidst. 
subclavius 
II, ii. That which is subcaudal; specifically, 
in lierpet., a urostege ; one of the special scutes 
upon the under side of the tail of a serpent. 
subcaudate (sub-ka'dat),o. 1. In en torn., hav- 
ing an imperfect tail-like process: as, butter- 
flies with subcaudati- wings. 2. In bot. See 
l>- (/) 3. 
subcelestial(sub-se-les'tial), a. Being beneath 
the heavens. 
The superlunary but mbcelextial world. 
Harvey, Irenreus, p. xcvii. 
subcellar (sub'seFar), n. A cellar beneath 
another cellar. 
subcentral(sub-sen'tral),. 1. Being under thr 
center. 2. Nearly central ; a little eccentric. 
subcentrally (sub-sen'tral-i), adv. 1. Under 
the center. 2. Nearly centrally. 
subcerebral (sub-ser'e-bral), a. Belowthe cere- 
brum ; specifically, below the supposed seat of 
consciousness, or not dependent on volition : 
said of involuntary or reflex action in which 
the spinal cord, but not the brain, is concerned. 
subchanter (sub'chan"ter), n. In music, same 
as subcantor, succentor, 1. 
SUbchela (sub-ke'la), n. ; pi. subchela; (-le). The 
hooked end of an appendage which bends down 
upon the joint to which it is articulated, but has 
no other movable claw to oppose it and thus 
make a nipper or chela. 
SUbchelate (sub-ke'lat), . Of the nature of or 
provided with a subchela. Huxley, Anat. In- 
vert., p. 327. 
subcheliform (sub-ke'li-form), a. Subchelate. 
Eng. Cyc. Nat. Hist. (1855), III. 87. 
subchlorid, subchloride (sub'klo"rid), n. A 
compound of chlorin with an element two atoms 
of which form a bivalent radical: as, subchlo- 
rid of copper (Cu 2 Cl2); subchlorid of mercury 
(HgoCl 2 , calomel). 
subcnondral (sub-kon'dral), a. Lying under- 
neath cartilage ; subcartilaginous : as, stibchou- 
dral osseous tissue. 
subchordal (sub-kor'dal), a. Situated beneath 
the chorda dorsalis, or notochord, of a verte- 
brate. Compare parachordal. 
subchoroid (sub-ko'roid), . Same as subcho- 
roidal. 
subchoroidal (sub-ko-roi'dal), . Situated be- 
neath the choroid tunic of the eye Subchoroi- 
dal dropsy, morbid accumulation of fluid between the 
adherent choroid sclerotic and the retina. 
Subcinctorium(sub-singk-t6'ri-um), . ; pi. sub- 
cinctoria (-a). See succinctorium. 
subclass (sub'klas), n. A prime subdivision of 
a class ; in zool. and bot., a division or group of 
a grade between the class and the order; a su- 
perorder. 
subclavate (sub-kla'vat), a. Somewhat cla- 
vate; slightly enlarged toward the end Sub- 
clavate antennae, in entom., antenna in which the outer 
joints are somewhat larger than the basal ones, but with- 
out forming a distinct club. 
subclavian (sub-kla'vi-an), . and . [< L. xitl>. 
under, + chtvis, a key : see clavis, and cf . clav- 
icle.] I. a. 1. Lying or extending under, be- 
neath, or below the clavicle or collar-bone ; sub- 
clavicular. 2. Pertaining to the subclavian 
artery or vein: as, the siibcJarian triangle or 
groove Subclavian artery, the principal artery of 
the root of the neck, arising on the right side from the in- 
nominate artery and on the left from the arch of the aorta, 
and ending in the axillary artery ; the beginning or main 
trunk of the arterial system of the fore limb. See cuts un- 
der lung and embryo. Subclavian groove, (a) A shal- 
low depression on the surface of the first rib, denoting the 
situation of a subclavian vessel. There are two of them, 
separated by a tubercle, respectively in front of and behind 
the insertion of the anterior scalene muscle the former 
for the subclavian vein, the latter for the subclavian ar- 
tery. (6) A groove on the under side of the clavicle, for the 
insertion of the subclavius. Subclavian muscle, the 
subclavius. Subclavian nerve, the motor nerve of the 
subclavius muscle, arising from the fifth cervical nerve at 
its junction with the sixth. Subclavian triangle. See 
triangle. Subclavian vein, the continuation of the ax- 
illary vein from the lower border of the first rib to the ster- 
noclavicular articulation, where the vessel ends by joining 
the internal jugular to form the innominate vein. See cut 
under lung. 
II. . A subclavian artery, vein, nerve, or 
muscle. 
subclavicular (sub-kla-vik'u-lar), a. Situated 
below the clavicle; infraclavicular; subclavian. 
Subclavicular aneurism, an aneurism of the axillary 
artery situated too high to be ligated below the clavicle. 
Subclavicular fossa, the surface depression below the 
outer end of the clavicle. Subclavicular region. Same 
as infraclavicidarregion(vi\\K\\ see, under infraclavicular). 
subclavius (suh-kla'vi-us), )i.; pi. siibelarii (-5). 
[NL. : see subctaciaii.] A muscle passing from 
the first rib to the under surface of the clavicle 
or collar-bone.- Subclavius pouticus. Same as tier- 
nochondroscapvlft */*. 
