anbesophageal 
subesophageal, suboesophageal (sub-6-so-faj'- 
(.-n\),n. Situated below or lieneath the esoph- 
iigiis or f,'iilli-t ; in .Irllirniiiiiln, specifying <<!- 
tiiin nervous ganglia which lie underneath 
(ventnicl of) the esophagus. Also infrii-ixn/i/m- 
i/i'nl Subesophageal ganglion. *' i/nn : iii'"ti. 
subfactor (sub'fiik'lor), . An under factor or 
:igent. Xi-iitl, Heart of M id-Lothi;in, xli. 
subfactorial (Mil>-i'ak-t6'ri-al), n. One of a 
series of numbers calculiited us fullnws. Stai-t- 
Ing with 1. multiply It by 1 and subtract 1, getting 
which is cnlli-il mibfarliirial one ; multiply this In 
ailil 1, netting I. which is called xulif'ii-tiiiitil tint; multi- 
ply this by :i ami suhlrart 1, ^c(liii^ -1. which ID called 
mmutOrioZtArM .- multiply this by I :unl mill 1. grttill!.'!). 
which !< ciilli'il x<i!i,i<irl<irial t lnr. This in carried on In- 
definitely. 
SUbfalcial (sub-fal'si-al), a. Running along the 
under edge of the falx eerebri : as, ''a xulifnl- 
I'illl sillllS, "/{</.'. Illllllllllllll; lit' Mill. Sl'ii Ill-l-x, 
VIII. 191. 
subfalciform (sub-fal'si-form), a. Somewhat 
falciform, liinitln r. 
subfamily (sub'fam*i-li), . In :ool., the first 
subdivision of a family, containing several gen- 
era or only one genus. A subfamily may be Intro- 
duced formally between the genus and the family when 
i In IT is mi iith'.-r siiliiliyisinn. Thru the only subfamily of 
a family la conterminous with the higher group. Sub- 
families are now regularly Indicated by the termination 
in.' as, family h'i'li'tir, subfamily FeKna. That sub- 
family which takes the name of the family with a differ- 
ent terminal inn is usually regarded as the typical subdi- 
vision of the family. 
subfascial (sub-fash'i-al), a. Situated below 
any fasein. 
subfebrile (sub-fe'bril), n. Somewhat but not 
decidedly febrile. 
subfemoralis (sub-fem-o-ra'lis), n. ; pi. mib- 
femornlrs (-lez). Same as subcritrxus. 
subfeu (snb-fu'), f. t. [< sub- + fm, after ML. 
xiihfeodare: see s6- and/ewe^, feoff.] To make 
subinfeudation of: said of a vassal who vests 
lands held by him as such in a subvassal. 
It was . . . impossible to subfeu the burgh lands. 
Kncyc. Brit., IV. 63. 
subfeudation (sub-fu-da'shon), n. [< ML. 'sub- 
l'i inlalio(n-), < subfcodare, subfeu : see subfeu.~\ 
Same as 
It seems most probable that this practice, which is called 
xiili-Jfwliitii'ii or sub-infeudatlon, began while the feud 
was only for life. Brougham. 
subfeudatory (sub-fu'dil-to-ri), n. ; pi. subfeu- 
ilnlitrii'x (-riz). [< xub- + feudatory. Cl. ML. 
mitflOtMariu*.] An inferior tenant who held 
a feud from a feudatory of the crown or other 
superior. 
subflavor (snb'fla'vor), . A subordinate fla- 
vor; a secondary flavor. 
subflavous (sub-fla' vus), a. [< L. sub, under, + 
tin nix, yellow : see /at'ows.] Yellowish Bub- 
flavpus ligament, a short ligament of yellow elastic t is 
-ii.' interposed between the lainlme of the vertebra. 
SUbflora (sub'flo'ril), u. [NL., < nub- + flora.] 
A more local flora included in a territorially 
broader one. 
subfluvial (sub-flo'vi-al), a. [< L. sub, under, 
+ Jlui'iun, stream : see "fluvial.] Situated under 
a river or stream. 
The */'l'-irin'i'tf avenue [Thames tunnel). 
Hairthorm, Our Old Home, p. 285. 
SUbfqliar (sub-fo'li-ar), a. [< subfolium + -fir 3 .] 
Having the character of a subfolium. B. O. 
Wilili r. 
subfolium (sub'fo'li-um). .; pi. subfolia (-a). 
A small or secondary folium, as of the cerebel- 
lum. Hurl.''.* Illllllllllllll; nl' Mill. Sciiiirrx, VIII. 
127. 
subform (sub'form), n. A secondary form. 
,/imr. Mirrnx. N.V.. XXX. 195. 
subfornical (sub-tv>r'ni-kal), . Situated be- 
neath the fornix of the brain. 
subfossil (sub-fos'il), a. Partly fossilized; 
imperfectly petrified. 
snbfossilized (sub-fos'il-izd), a. Same as sub- 
subfossorial (sub-fo-so'ri-al), a. In .. 
adapted in some measure for digging: said of 
the legs when they approach the fossorial type. 
subfrontal (sub-iron tal), n.' Situated under 
the front, face, or fore end; subtenninal in 
front Subfrontal area, of Limultu, a smooth flat- 
tem'il spare tin the ventral surface of the cephalir shiiM 
anteriorly. See Liuiulu* (with cut). Subfrontal fold, 
of trilobite, an inferior inflection of the limb or marginal 
area of the cephalic shield. 
subfulcrum (sub'ful'krnm), n. ; pi. siibt'iili-m 
(-kral. In entom., a rarely differentiated labial 
sclerite between the nientum and the palpiger 
(the latter in some systems being called the 
6010 
It occurs in certain earn bid and 
searabnMd larvae, 
subfumigation (sub-fu-mi-ga'shon), . Same 
.I- XllttHllllllllllHII. 
SUbfuSC, ". See nnbt'iml;. 
SUbfuSCOUS (sub-fus'kus), a. [< L. XM/I/W..-IIV : 
see Kitlil'unl;.] Same as xii/ilnxl.. 
subfusiform (sub-fu'si-f6rm), a. More or less 
nearly fusiform or spindle-shaped. 
subfusk, subfusc (sub-fusk'), a. [< L. tuhfux- 
ni.i. xnil'iixi'iix. somewhat brown: see sub- and 
fuscous.] Duskish; moderately dark; brown- 
ish; tawny; lacking in color. 
O'er whose quiescent wall 
Arachne's unmolested care has drawn 
Curtains tub/utlt. Shcnttone, Economy, III. 
The University statute requiring the wearing only of 
black or iiib/iac clothing. Diclreni, Diet, of Oxford, p. 66. 
SUbgalea (sub-ga'le-a), .; pi. subgalfie (-e). 
[NL., < L. gub, under, + NL. i/ulni.] One of 
the sclerites of the typical maxilla of insects. 
It usually articulates with ttie stipes and bean the galea. 
In many beetles It Is united with the laclnla. Bee cut 
under yalea. 
subganoid (sub-gan'oid), a. Having a some- 
what ganoid character: as, a subganoid scale. 
subgelatinous (sub-je-lat'i-nus), a. Imper- 
fectly or partially gelatinous. 
subgenera, . Plural of subgcnus. 
subgeneric (sub-je-ner'ik), a. Of or pertain- 
ing to a subgenus; having the rank, grade, or 
value of a subgenus. 
subgenerical (sub-je-ner'i-kal), a. Same as 
MOpHMffe. 
subgenerically (sub-je-ner'i-kal-i), adv. So as 
to be subgeneric ; as a subgenus. 
subgeniculate (sub-je-nik'u-lat), a. Imperfect- 
ly geniculate or elbowed. 
subgenital (sub-jen'i-tal), a. Situated beneath 
the genitalia: specifically noting certain pits 
or pouches of jellyfishes, as the rhizostomous 
or monostomous d'iscomedusans. 
subgenus (sub'ie'nus), n. ; pi. snbgenera (-jen'- 
e-ra). [NL., < L. sub, under, -I- genus, kind : see 
i/ciiiw.] A subordinate genus ; a section or sub- 
division of a genus higher than a species, since 
there is no fixed definition of a genus, there can be none of 
a subgenus ; and thousands of groups in zoology former- 
ly regarded as subgenera, or disregarded entirely, are now 
named and held to be genera. Though there is theoreti- 
cally or technically a difference, it is ignored in practice ; 
since a name, whether given as that of a genus or of a sub- 
genus, is a generic name. The case Is somewhat differ- 
ent in practice from that of the names of families and sub- 
families, whose difference in termination preserves a for- 
mal distinction, and from that of the names of all super- 
generic groups, because none of these enter Into the techni- 
cal binomial designation of a given animal or plant. Thus, 
the name Lynx may have been given to a subdivision of the 
genus Felis, and be thus a subgeneric name ; but a cat of 
this kind, as the bay lynx, would be known by the alterna- 
tive names Fclis ntfus and Lynx rvfwi, according to the 
difference of expert opinion In the case : or, as a compro- 
mise, the subgeneric term would be formally introduced 
in parentheses between the generic and the specific name, 
as Feli (Lynx) nifit*. In botany a subgenus is a section 
of a genus so strongly marked as to have plausible claims 
to be itself an independent genus. 
subgett, <i. and n. A Middle English form of 
subject. 
subglabrous (sub-gla'brns), a. In entom., al- 
most devoid of hairs or other like covering. 
SUbglacial (sub-gla'shial), a. Situated or oc- 
curring beneath or under a glacier: as, a sub- 
<llneiul stream. 
subglenoid (sub-gle'noid), a. Lying or occur- 
ring immediately below the glenoid fossa. 
subglobose (sub-glo'bos). a. Nearly globose ; 
subspherical ; spheroidal. 
subglobular (sub-glob'u-18r), . Nearly glob- 
ular. 
subglobulose (sub-glob'u-los), a. Somewhat 
glooulose. 
subglossal (sub-glos'al), n. Same as hi/poglos- 
unl or nitlilinijudl. 
subglottic (sub-glot'ik), a. Situated under the 
glottis, or beneath the true vocal cords of the 
larynx. 
subglumaceous (sub-gl^-ma'shius), a. Some- 
what glumaceous. 
subgrade (sub'grad), . A grade of the second 
rank in zoological classification ; a prime divi- 
sion of a grade: used like subclftsx, suborder, 
etc. See grade 1 , 3. 
Subgrallatores (sub-gral-a-to'rez), H. pi. [NL., 
< L. nub, under. + NL. Crullntorei. q. v.] In 
uriiitli., in Sundevall's system, a cohort otGal- 
. composed of the genera Thinocorus, At- 
iiiix, and CliioniK. [Not in use.] 
subgrallatorial (sub-gral-a-tp'ri-al), a. Im- 
perfectly grallatorial ; exhibiting imperfectly 
the characters of the gratia torial birds. 
subilium 
SUbgranular (sub-grmi'ij-ljir). . Somewhat 
granular. 
Subgroup (sub'griip). n. 1. Any stilmrilinnte 
unmp in classification; a Hiilxlivisiuii of a 
group; especially, a division the mime of w hii-h 
begins witlixfc-. as ni/li/nmili/ or .-/<(// mix. 2. 
A mathematical croup forming part of another 
group. 
subgular (nb-gu'liir), rt. Situated nmler the 
throat, or on the uiider side of the throat ; snl> 
jugular. 
subhastation (sub-has-ta'shon). . [= V. *>ib- 
liiixtiitiun = Sp. xiiliiixtnrinii = It. fHliiistii;:iinii , 
< LL. xnli/in.-liitio(n-), a sale by public auetion. 
< ttiibliiixttiri; |i]i. iii/ilnixtiitiix. sell at ]iiili!ic auc- 
tion, lit. 'bring under the spear' (in allusion to 
the Roman practice of planting a spear on tin- 
spot where a public sale was to take place), < L. 
xuli. under, + Imsta, a spear, a lance.] A pub- 
lic sale of property to the highest bidder; a sale 
by auction, lip. Burnet, Letters from Switzer- 
land, p. 9. 
subhead (sub'hed), n. A subordinate bead or 
title ; a subdivision of a heading. See Imnl. 13. 
subheading (sub'hed'ing), n. Same as sub- 
head. 
SUbhepatlC (sub-he-pat'ik), a. In aunt, and 
;ool.: (a) Of doubtful ordisputed hepatic char- 
acter, as a glandular tissue of some inverte- 
brates, which resembles that of the liver. (6) 
Lying under the liver, on the ventral side of 
hepatic lobules; sublobular, as ramifications 
of the portal vein in the liver, (r) Situated 
beneath the hepatic region : specifically applied 
to an anterolateral division of the ventral sur- 
face of the carapace in brachyurous crusta- 
ceans. See Srachyura (with cut). 
subhexagonal (sub-hek-sag'o-nal), a. Six- 
sided, but not forming a regular hexagon. 
Sub-Himalayan (sub-nim-a'la-yan), a. Belated 
to or forming the whole or a part of the Sub- 
Himalayas, the designation adopted by the 
Geological Survey of India for a fringe or belt 
of hills extending along the southern edge of 
the Himalayan chain almost uninterruptedly 
for a distance of 1,500 miles, and composed of 
Tertiary rocks. 
By abrupt difference of elevation and by contour, the 
Sub-Himalayan hills are everywhere easily distinguish- 
able from the much higher mountains to the north of 
them. '.'/. of India, II. 521. 
Sub-Himalayan system, in geol.. the name adopted by 
the Geological Survey of India for the system of rocks 
forming the Sub-Himalayan division of the Himalayas. It 
Is divided Into two series the siwallk (subdivided into 
three subgroups, the Upper, Middle, and Lower or Na- 
han) and the Sirnirir (also with three subgroups, the Up- 
per or Kasanli, the Middle or Dagshai, and the Lower or 
Snbathu). See Siicalilc. 
subhuman (sub-hu'man), a. Under or beneath 
the human; next below the human. 
Pretended superhuman birth and origin, . . . lives and 
characters more decidedly itubhuman than those of com- 
mon men. E. H. Sears, The Fourth Gospel, p. 230. 
subhumeral (sub-hu'me-ral), a. Situated be- 
low the humerus. 
subhumeratet (sub-hu'me-rat), '. t. [< L. sub, 
under, + hunierus, prop, umeriis, shoulder, + 
-fltf 2 .] To take or bear on one's shoulders. 
Feltham, Resolves, i. 82. 
subhyaloid (sub-hi'a-loid), a. Situated be- 
neath (on the attacted side of) the hyaloid 
membrane of the eyeball. 
subhymenial (sub-m-me'ni-al), a. In hot., ly- 
ing under or just below the hymenium __ Sub- 
hymenial layer, a stratum of hyphnl tissue under the 
hymenium in some fungi ; the hypothecfum, and some- 
times another layer still further below. See cuts under 
iipothecinm and <UC\M. 
subhyoid (sub-hi'oid), a. 1. Situated below 
the hyoid bone, as of man. 2. Coming next 
in order after the hyoid arch from before back- 
ward; specifically, noting the fourth visceral 
arch of the vertebrate embryo, or first bran- 
chial arch proper. 
subhyoidean (sub-hi-oi'df-an), a. Same as 
subicteric (sub-ik-ter'ik), a. Somewhat but not 
distinctly icteric. 
subiculuin (su-bik'u-lum), n. [NL.. dim. of 
xnliij- (xnbic-), in pi. subicfs, a layer, < xubictre, 
throw under: see subject.] 1. Theuncus. 2. 
In bot., the modified tissue of the host pene- 
trated by the mycelium of a parasite. Burrill. 
subiliac (sub-il'i-ak), a. 1. Pertaining to the 
subilium. 2. Situated below the ilium. 
subilium(sub'il*i-um),i.; pl.i/W/t<i(-a). [NL., 
< L. sub, under, + NL. ilium, q. v.] An inferior 
section of the ilium, supposed to correspond to 
the subscapula. 
