with 
substance 
One Lord Jesus Christ, . . . being of one substance wnn 
I In- Father. S ice ne Creed. 
4f. The character of being a substance, in sense 
1 ; substantiality. 
Thou frrniiMi! of our mtbstaunce, 
Continue on us ttiy pitous r\ ( -n rl. n- 
Chaucer, A. B. C., I. 87. 
5. The meaning expressed by any speech in- 
writing, or the purport of any action, an contra- 
distinguisliiMl from the mode of expression or 
performance. 
Now Imiit- I ln'ir iclicrsid in substaunce 
xv kyngt-s, as shortly as I myght, 
With IMC powre nml iill tlu-r hoole puysaunce. 
Qenerudet (E. E. T. S.), I. 1988. 
Unto your grace do I In chief address 
The substance of my Bpi-rrh. 
Shak., 2 Hen. IV., Iv. 1. 32. 
It seems swearing of Fealty was with the Scots but a 
Ceremony without Substance, as good as nothing. 
Baker, Chronicles, p. 97. 
6. Substantiation; that which establishes or 
gives firm support. 
Faith Is the substance (margin, ground or confidence) 
I assurance (margin, giving substance to), II. V.) of things 
loped for. Deb. xi. 1. 
7. Any particular kind of corporeal matter; 
stuff; material; part; body; specifically, a 
chemical species. 
Sir, there she stands. 
If aught within tht little seeming substance 
. . . may tltly like your grace, 
She 'B there, and she is yours. Shak. , Lear, i. 1. 201. 
All of one nature, of one substance bred. 
Shale., 1 Hen. IV., L 1. 11. 
Books are as nieaU and viands are, some of good, some 
of evil substance. Milton, At copagltica, p. 16. 
It [chemistry] tells us that everything which exists here 
IB really made up of one or more of only sixty-three dif- 
ferent things ; that the whole of the animal kingdom, the 
vegetable kingdom, the mineral kingdom, la made up of 
only sixty-three different substances. 
J. N. Lockyer, Spect. Anal., p. 166. 
8. Wealth; means; good estate: as, a man of 
substance. 
His substance also was seven thousand sheep, and three 
thousand camels. Job i. 8. 
I did not think there had been a merchant 
Llv'd in Italy of half your substance. 
Webster, Devil's Law-Case, i. 1. 
9f. Importance. 
And for as much as hit is don me to understande that 
there is a greet straungenesse betwlx my right trusty 
frend John Radcliff and you, withoute any matter or 
cause of substance, as I am lerned. 
Paston Letters, HI. 426. 
10t. The main part; the majority. 
Finally, what wight that it wlthseyde, 
It wits for noght it moste ben, and sholde. 
For substaunce of the parlement it wolde. 
Chaucer, Troilus, iv. 217. 
Colloid substance. See colloid. Cortical substance 
Of the kidney, the outer part of the kidney.substance, 
which contains the glomeruli. Cortical substance of 
the teeth, the cementum of the teeth. First sub- 
stance, an Individual thing. Intervertebral sub- 
stance. See intemrtfbral. Nervous substance. See 
nervous. Second substance, a natural class. See sec- 
"//" Substance of Rolando. Smne iu substantia gcla- 
tinitsa Ralandi. = Syn. 2. 11th, gist, soul. 
substance* (sub'stans), c. t. [< substance, .] 
To furnish with substance or property; enrich. 
Chapman, Odyssey, iv. 
SUbstanceless (sub'staus-les), a. [< substance 
+ -/ess.] Having no substance ; unsubstantial. 
Coleridge, Human Life. 
substant (sub'stant), a. [< L. snbstan(t-)s, 
ppr. of sitbstare, be present, hold out: see s6- 
stance.'] Constituting substance. [Rare.] 
IU [a glider's] substant ice curls freely, molds, and 
breaks Itself like water. The Century, XXVII. 146. 
substantia (sub-stan'shiS), n. [L. : see sub- 
stance.} Substance: useil chiefly in a few an- 
atomical phrases substantia cinerea gelatino- 
sa. Same as substantia gelatinosa Rolandi. Substantia 
eburnea, ossea, vitrea. See tooth. - Substantia fer- 
ruglnea, a group of pigmented ganglion-cells on either 
side of the middle line (Just below the surface of the floor) 
of the anterior part of the fourth ventricle. Seen from 
the surface, it is the locus cterulens. Substantia gela- 
tinosa centralis, the neurnglia which backs the layer 
of columnar epithelial cells lining the central canal of 
the spinal cord. Substantia gelatinosa posterior or 
Rolandi, a part of the caput of the posterior cornu of gray 
matter of the spinal corn, near the tip of that cornu, hav- 
ing a peculiar semitransparent appearance. Also called 
formatio gelatinosa Rolandi. Substantia nigra, a re- 
gion, marked by dark pigmented cells, separating the 
crustn from the teginentuni of the cms cerebri. Also 
called substantia nigra Soetntm'riniri, stratum iwjruin, 
stratum intermedium, and Incitx ni^it'r. Substantia reti- 
cularis. Same as re'.ic\dar .formation (which see, nmUT 
reticular). Substantia spongiosa, that part of the gray 
matter of the spinal cord which is not snbstantia gelati- 
nosa centmlis or posterior. 
substantial (sub-stan'shal), a. and n. [< ME. 
MfotmotaL < OF. xitbstanrirl, F. siibstanticl = 
Sp. Pg. sitbstancial = It. xustan:iale, < L. sub- 
6031 
.ttinitinlix, (if or pertaining to the substan'-e, 
essential. < mtlmtiiiiliii, snli-tai , material: gee 
auliataiiri:) I. n. 1. Pertaining to or of the 
nature of substance ; beiug a substance ; real ; 
actually existing; true; actual; not seeming 
or imaginary; not illusive. 
If this Atheist would have his chance or fortune to lie a 
real and substantial agent, us the vulgar seem to have 
commonly apprehended, ... he Is ... more stupM :ui<! 
more supinely ignorant than those vulgar. 
Rentleii, Eight lioylc Lectures, v. 
All this Is but a dream, 
Too flattering-sweet to be substantial. 
Shak., K. andJ., II. 2. 141. 
The sun appears to be flat as a plate of silver . . . : the 
moon appears to be an big as the sun, and the rainbow ap- 
pears to be a large substantial arch in the sky : all which 
are In reality gross falsehoods. WaUs, Logic, Int. 
2. Having essential value; genuine; sound; 
sterling. 
The matter of the point controverted Is great, but It Is 
driven to an over-great subtillty and obscurity, so that it 
heeometh a thing rather ingenious than substantial. 
Bacon, Unity In Religion (ed. 1887). 
This he looks upon to be sound learning and substantial 
criticism. Additon, Tatler, No. 158. 
3. Having firm or good material ; strong; stout; 
solid: as, substantial cloth. 
Most ponderous and substantial things. 
Shak., M. forM., III. 2. 290. 
There arc, by the direction of the Lawgiver, certain 
good and substantial steps placed even through the very 
midst of this slough [of Despond). 
Buiujan, Pilgrim's Progrew, 1. 
4. Possessed of considerable substance, goods, 
or estate; moderately wealthy; well-to-do. 
She has, 'mongst others, two substantial suitors. 
Middleton, The Widow, I. 2. 
Pray take all the care you can to inquire into the value, 
and set it at the best rate to substantial people. 
Sw\ft, To Dr. Sheridan, Jane 29, 1726. 
5. Real or true in the main or for the most 
part: as, substantial success. 
Substantial agreement between all as to the points dis- 
cussed. The Century, XXXIX. 563. 
6. Of considerable amount: as, a substantial 
gift; substantial profit. 7t. Capable of being 
substantiated or proved. 
It Is substanliall ; 
For, that disguize being on him which I wore, 
It will be thought I, which he calls the Pandar, 
Did kil the Duke and fled away In his apparell, 
Leauing him so dlsguiz d to auoid swift pursufte. 
C. Tourneur, Revenger's Tragedy, Iv. 2. 
8. Vital; important. 
Christes church can neuererre In any stibstanciatt point 
that God would haue vs bounden to beleue. 
Sir T. More, Works, p. 183. 
9. In law, pertaining to or involving the mer- 
its or essential right, in contradistinction to 
questions of form or manner. Thus, a substan- 
tial performance of a contract Is one which fulfils rea- 
sonably well all the material and essential stipulations, 
though it may be deficient in respect of punctuality or 
departure from minor details of manner for which moder- 
ate deductions from the price would compensate. So, in 
litigation, the right of trial by jury is a substantial right, 
but the order in which evidence shall be adduced Is not. 
10. Pertaining to the substance or tissue of 
any part or organ. 
Transition from mtbttantial to membranous parietes. 
Buck's Handbook of Med. Sciences, VIII. 120. 
Substantial being, division, form, mode, etc. See 
the nouns. 
II. n. 1. That which has a real existence; 
that which has substance. 2. That which has 
real practical value. 
A large and well filled basket . . . contained substan- 
tials and delicacies . . . especially helpful. 
Hew York Evangelist, Dec. 2, 1886. 
3. An essential part. 
Although a custom introduced against the substantiate 
of an appeal be not valid, as that it should not be appealed 
to a superior but to an inferior judge, yet a custom may 
be Introduced against the accidentals of an appeal. 
Aijli/r, Parergon. 
substantialia (sub-stan-shi-a'li-a), H. pi. [NL., 
neut. pi. of L. substantiates : see sitlistiiiitin/.} 
In Scots lair, those parts of a deed which are 
essential to its validity as a formal instrument. 
substantialism (sub-stan'shal-izm), . The 
doctrine that behind phenomena there are sub- 
stantial realities, or real substances, whether 
mental or corporeal. 
substantialist (sub-stan'shal-ist), n. One who 
adheres to the doctrine of substantialism. 
Philosophers, as they affirm or deny the authority of 
consciousness In guaranteeing a substratum or substance 
to the manifestations of the ego and non-ego, are divided 
Into realists or substantialirts and into nihilists or non- 
substantialists. Sir W. Hamilton, Metaph., \vi 
substantiality (sub-stan-shi-al'i-ti), n. [< P. 
.i/hxtiititiiilitf = It. xi/ntini-ialita, < L. SHbstan- 
(rabstantive 
-)*. tlii- i|iiality of being substantial or 
essential, < KulixtitntioNl, substantial: M< 
sluiitiiil.] 1. The charai-ter nf ln-in^ snliMan- 
tial, in any si-use; the having of the fiim-lion 
of a SubHtnii'-e in upholding ai-ciilent.s. 
The soul Is a stran^i-r to surti ^I'OSH ml 
Glannllt, Vanity of Dogmatizing, iv 
Many of the lower animals build themselves dwellings 
Unit *'\t;e\ in substantiality . . . the huts or hovels of men. 
l.iiiilMH, Mind In the Lower Animals, 1. 113. (Kncyc. Did.) 
We understand his lordship very wt-ll ; he means a par- 
ticular providence and a future state, the moral attributes 
of the Deity and the suMantialiti/ of the soul. 
H'arburton, Bollngbroke's Philosophy, 111 
2. Substance; essence. 
I shall know whether all aouls came from Adam's own 
lubttantiiility, and whether there lie more substance In 
all than In that one. Baxter, Dying Thoughts. 
substantialize (sub-stan'shal-iz), . t. ; pret. 
and pp. substantialized, ppr. Kubstantiali^iiii/. 
[< subntantial + -icr.] To render substantial; 
give reality to. 
I liked well to see that strange life, which even the stout, 
dead-ln-earnest little Bohemian musicians, piping In the 
centre of the Piazza, could not altogether substantitlizc. 
llom-lls, Venetian Life, iv. 
substantially (sub-stan'shal-i), adr. 1. In the 
manner of a substance ; with reality of exis- 
tence; truly; really; effectually. 
In him all tiis Father shone 
Substantially express d. Hilton, P. L., 111. 140. 
Be substantially great In thyself, and more than thou ap- 
pearest unto others. Sir T. Brmme, Christ Mor., L 19. 
2. In a substantial manner; strongly; solidly. 
To know . . . what good laws are wanting, and how to 
frame them substantially, that good Men may enjoy the 
freedome which they merit. .Vilt<m, Hist. Eng., Ill 
Pleasing myself In my own house and manner of living 
more than ever I did, by seeing how much better and more 
substantially I live than others do. Pepys, Diary, I. 421. 
3. In substance; in the main; essentially; by 
including the material or essential part: as, 
the two arguments are nubstantially the same. 
A king with a life revenue and an unchecked power of 
exacting money from the rich Is substantially an absolute 
sovereign. Stubbs, Const. Hist,, | 373. 
substantialness (sub-stan'shal-ues), n. The 
state or quality of being substantial, in any 
sense. 
substantiate (sub-stan'shi-at), v. t.; pret. ami 
pp. substantiated, ppr. substantiating. [< ML. 
substantiatus, pp. of substantiare (> It. nuxtan- 
ziare, sostamiare = Sp. Pg. substandard, < L. 
substantia, substance: see substance.] 1. To 
make to exist ; make real or actual. 
The accidental of any act is said to be whatever advenes 
to the act iUelf already substantiated. Ayliffe, Parergon. 
2. To establish by proof or competent evi- 
dence; verify; make good: as, to substantiate 
a charge or an allegation ; to substantiate a 
declaration. 
Observation is in tuni wanted to direct and substantiate 
the course of experiment. Coleridge. 
3. To present as having substance ; body forth. 
Every man feels for himself, and knows how he is af- 
fected by particular qualities In the persons he admires, 
the impressions of which are too minute and delicate to be 
substantiated in language. BomrvU, Johnson, 1. 129. 
As many thoughts in succession substantiate themselves, 
we shall by and by stand in a new world of our own crea- 
tion. Emerson, Friendship. 
substantiation (sub-stan-shi-a'shou), H. [< 
substantiate + -ion.] The act of substantiating 
or giving substance to anything; the act of 
proving; evidence; proof. 
This mbstantiation of shadows. 
LomU, Study Windows, p. 382. 
'Hi- fact as claimed will find lasting mMaiitintiim. 
The American, VIII. 379. 
substantival (sub-stan-ti'val or sub'stan-ti- 
val), a. [< LL. substanticalis, substantival: 
see substantive.'] 1. Pertaining to or having 
the character of a substantive. 
There remain several substantival and verbal formations 
for which a satisfactory explanation wa> not reached. 
Amer. Jour. PhOol., VI. 460. 
2. Independent or self-dependent. 
The real is Individual, self-existent, substantival. 
Mind, IX. 128. 
substantive (sub'stan-tiv), a. and n. [I. a. = 
F. 8Nbstantif= Sp. Pg. gttbxtantiro = It. sustan- 
tii'n. < LL. substantirus, self -existent, substan- 
tive (mibxtantiriinircrbuw, the substantive verb), 
ML. also having substance, substantial, < L.sub- 
fitniitia, substance, reality: see substance. H. 
. = F. itubstnntif = Sp.'Pg. sttbstantiro = It. 
sustantiro = D. substantief = G. Sw. Dan. sub- 
stantir, < NL. tmbstantivum, sc. nomen, a sub- 
stantive name, a noun substantive (a noun), 
i. e. the name of a thing, as distinguished from 
