sufferer 
dergoes pain, either of body or of mind ; one 
sustaining evil of any kind. 
Thro 1 Waters and thro' Flames I'll go, 
Sufrer and Solace at thy Woe. 
Prior, To a Young Gentleman in Love. 
2. One who permits or allows. 
What care I though of weakness men tax me? 
I'd rather sufferer than doer be. 
Donne, To Ben Jonson. 
suffering (suf'er-ing), n. [Verbal n. of suffer, 
v.] The bearing of pain, inconvenience, or loss ; 
also, pain endured ; distress, loss, or injury in- 
curred. 
6044 
2. Qualification for any purpose ; ability ; ca- 
pacity; efficiency. 
Hee [Sir Humphrey Gilbert] hath worthely beene con- 
stituted a coronell and generall in places requisite, and 
hath with sufficiencie discharged the same, both in this 
Realme and in forreigne Nations. 
Gascoigne, in Book of Precedence (E. E. T. S., extra ser.), 
[Forewords, p. ix. 
A substitute of most allowed sufficiency. 
Shale., Othello, i. 3. 224. 
We shall find two differing kinds of sufficiency in man- 
aging of business. Bacon, Advancement of Learning, ii. 
3. Adequate substance or means; enough; 
' lly, supply 
abundance ; competence ; especially 
Infrontofthepileistheswjfm'nijof St. Laurence painted equal to wants; ample stock or fund, 
a fresca on the wall. Evelyn, Diary, Nov. 12, 1644. An ^^ mffidew .^ 
To each his sufrings; all are men, 
Condemu'd alike to groan. 
Gray, Ode on Prospect of Eton College. 
Meeting for Sufferings, in the Society of Friends, an 
organization, established in 1675, to investigate and relieve 
the sufferings of those who were distrained for tithes, 
etc. It acts for the Yearly Meeting ad interim. The name 
is still retained in England and Ireland, but in all the 
American yearly meetings except that of Philadelphia 
the body is now called the Representative Meeting. 
content, 
Retirement, rural quiet, friendship, books. 
Thomson, Spring, 1. 1159. 
He [Philip] had money in sufficiency, his own horses and 
equipage, and free quarters in his father's house. 
Thackeray, Philip, v. 
4. Conceit; self-confidence; self-sufficiency. 
Sufficiency is a compound of vanity and ignorance. 
Sir W. Temple. 
sufficient (su-fish'ent), n. and n. [= F. suffi 
Seventh Month 21st- To Westminster meeting-house gmt = gj> ^CJeHte = Pg. sufficient = It. sdffi 
. 
at twelve o'clock ; about fifty Friends of the Meeting for 
Suffering* met, and afterwards proceeded to James's Palace 
to present the address to the Queen Victoria. 
William Allen, Journal, 1837. 
suffete (suf'et), n. [Alsosufet; < L. sufes, suffes 
(sufet-, suffet-), a suffete; < Punic; cf. Heb. 
shophet, judge, ruler.] One of the chief officials 
of the executive department of the government 
in ancient Carthage. 
The Roman Senate encroached on the consuls, though 
it was neither a legislature nor representative ; the Car- 
thaginian Councils encroached on the Su/etes; the Vene- 
tian Councils encroached on the Doge. 
J. Bryce, American Commonwealth, I. 223. 
suffice (su-fis'). .; pret. and pp. sufficed, ppr. 
[Early mod. E. also snffise; < ME. 
n, suffisen, < OF. suffis-, stem of ppr. of 
suffire, souffire, F. suffire, be sufficient, < L. suf- 
fieere, put under or into, substitute for, sub- 
stitute, supply, intr. be sufficient, suffice, < sub, 
under, + facere, make, do.] I. trans. If. To 
be sufficient for. 
The leed condite conteyneth this mesure: 
XII C pounde of metal shal suffise 
A thousand feet in lengthe of pipes sure. 
Paltadius, Husbondrie (E. E. T. S.), p. 178. 
2. To satisfy; content; be equal to the wants 
or demands of. 
Parentes . 
being suffised that their children can one- 
ciente, < L. sufficien(t-)s, ppr. ofsufficere, be suf- 
ficient, suffice: see suffice. Cf. suffisant, the 
older form.] I. a. 1. Sufficing; equal to the 
end proposed; as muah as is or may be neces- 
sary; adequate; enough. 
I sawe it in at a back dore, and as it is sayd the same 
stable or vought is sufficient to receyue a M. horses. 
Sir R. Guylforde, Pylgrymage, p. 44. 
Sufficient unto the day is the evil thereof. Mat. vi. 34. 
My grace is sufficient for thee. 2 Cor. xii. 9. 
2. Possessing adequate talents or accomplish- 
ments ; of competent power or ability ; quali- 
fied; fit; competent; capable. 
Also, ther schul be foure suffisaunt men for to kepe the 
catel wel and sufflsauntly. English Gilds(E. E. T. S.), p. 8. 
Who is sufficient for these things? 2 Cor. ii. 18. 
Pray you, let Cassio be received again. . . . 
You'll never meet a more sufficient man. 
Shak., Othello, iii. 4. 91. 
Nay, they are esteemed the more learned, and sufficient 
for this, by the many. 
B. Jonson, Alchemist, To the Reader. 
3f. Having a competence ; well-to-do. 
His [John Selden's] father . . . was a sufficient plebeian, 
and delighted much in music. 
Wood, Athense Oxon., II. 179. 
He [George Fox] descended of honest and sufficient pa- 
rents, who endeavoured to bring him up, as they did the 
ly speke latine proprely, or make verses with out mater* restof their children, in the way and worshipof the nation. 
1J yW MMOUB plupteljl, Ul 111. ml- VGISCB Wltll UUU 111:111 I 
or sentence, they from thens forth do suffre them to liue 
in idelnes. Sir T. Elyot, The Governour, i. 13. 
Let it suffice thee ; speak no more unto me of this mat- 
ter. Deut. iii. 26. 
By farre they'd rather eat 
At their owne howses, wher their carnall sence 
May be suffic'd. Times' Whistte (E. E. T. S.), p. 18. 
Then Jove ask'd Juno : "If at length she had suffic'd her 
spleen, 
Achilles being won to arms ? " Chapman, Iliad, xviii. 316. 
3f. To afford in sufficient amount ; supply ade- 
quately. 
When they came ther the[y] sawe a faire cite, 
As full a pepill as it cowde suffice. 
Generydes (E. E. T. S.), 1. 1150. 
The pow'r appeas'd, with winds suffic'd the sail. 
Dryden, Iliad, i. 653. 
II. intrans. To be enough or sufficient; be 
equal to the end proposed; be adequate. 
What neded it thanne a newe lawe to bigynne, 
Sith the fyrst sufficeth to sauacioun and to blisse " 
Penn, Rise and Progress of Quakers, v. 
4. Self-sufficient; self-satisfied; content. 
Thou art the most sufficient (I'll say for thee), 
Not to believe a thing. Beau, and fl. 
Sufficient condition, evidence, reason. See the nouns. 
=Syn. 1. Ample, abundant, satisfactory, full. 1 and 2. 
Competent, Enough, etc. See adequate. 
II. n. That which is sufficient; enough; a 
sufficiency. 
One man's sufficient is more available than ten thousands 
multitude. Sir P. Sidney, Arcadia, p. 452. (Davies.) 
sufficiently (su-fish'ent-li), adv. [< sufficient + 
-ty 2 . Cf. suffisantly,' the older form.] 1. To a 
sufficient degree ; to a degree that answers the 
purpose or gives satisfaction ; adequately. 
He left them sufficiently provided, and conceived they 
would have been well governed. 
N. Morton, New England's Memorial, p. 105. 
2. To a considerable degree : as, he went away 
sufficiently discontented. [Colloq.] 
'rU. 31. sufficingly (su-fi'sing-li), adf. In a sufficing 
Suffise that I have done my dew in place. manner; so as to satisfy. 
Spenser, F. Q., II. viii. 56. SUfficmgneSS (su-fi sing-nes), n. 
My designs 
Are not yet ripe ; suffice it that ere long 
I shall employ your loves. 
Beau, and Fl., Philaster, iii. 1. 
No matter for the sword, her word sufficed 
To spike the coward through and through. 
Browning, Ring and Book, I. 312. 
SUfficiencet (su-fish'ens), n. [= F. suffisance 
= Sp. suflciencia = 'Pg. sufficiencia = It. soffi- 
cienzia,<.iiL. suffieientia, sufficience, sufficiency, 
e, be sufficient, suffice : see suffice, 
e, the older form.] Same as suffi- 
The quality 
of sufficing. H. Spencer, Social Statics, p. 323. 
suffisancet (suf'i-zans), . [Early mod. E. also 
suffisaunce; < M.JZ."suffisaunce, < OF. suffisance, 
suffisaunce, < LL. sufficientia, sufficience: see 
sufficience.] Sufficiency; satisfaction. 
No man is wrecched but himself hit wene, 
And he that hath himself hath suffisaunce. 
Chaucer, Fortune, 1. 26. 
Be payed with litelle, content with suffisance. 
Political Poems, etc. (ed. Furnivall), p. 27. 
sufficiency (su-fish'en-si), . [As sufficience (see 
cjf). ] 1 . The state or character of being Buffi- 
cient ; adequacy. 
me , of y chee ' e . of f company, perceiveing ye mari- SUffisan 
Sufficient; capable; able. 
And ^^^pTso'ne a^might. 
Chaucer, Good Women, 1. 1067. 
, . , - t, adl\ [ME. suffisantly; < suffisant + 
ners to feare r suffisuincie of ye shipe, as appeared by their .f,,2 1 Sufficiently C'liniif'fr Prnl rn Atl fl hn 
muttenngs, they entred into serious consultation with i;' J , "neniiy. L>HCmcer,trtol. to Astrolabe. 
y e mr. Bradford, Plymouth Plantation, p. 75. SUfllX (su-fiks ), i'. t. [< L. suffixus, subfixus, pp. of 
His sufficiency is such that he bestows and possesses su ffiff ere ! subfigere, fasten below, fasten or fix on, 
his plenty being unexhausted. Boyle. ' *"&, under, below, + figere, fasten, fix : see fix, 
We know the satisfactoriness of justice, the sufficiency "] To attach at the end : specifically used of 
Emerson, Success, adding or annexing a letter or syllable, a suffix. 
of truth. 
suffocative 
suffix (suf'iks), H. [= F. suffixe = Sp. sujijo = 
Pg. suffixo = It. soffisso = G. suffix, < NL. sitf- 
fixum, a suffix, ueut. of L. suffixus, suhfixitx, pp. 
of suffigerc, suofigcre, fasten or fix on : see suf- 
fix, v. Cf. affix, prefix, postfix.] 1. In gram., 
a letter or syllable added or annexed to the 
end of a word or to a verbal root or stem ; a for- 
mative element, consisting of one or more let- 
ters, added to a primitive word to make a de- 
rivative ; a postfix ; a terminal formative, as the 
-th of length, the -d of loved, the -lyof godly, the 
-ly of badly, etc. 2. In math., an index writ- 
ten after and under a letter, as x , x^, x%, x 3 . 
suffixal(suf'ik-sal),n. [(suffix + -al.~] Oforper- 
taining to a suffix ; of the nature of a suffix. En- 
eye. Brit., XXI. 272; Amer. Jour. Plnlol., IV. 29. 
suffixion (su-fik'shon), n. [< suffix + -ion.'] 
The act of suffixing', or the state of being suf- 
fixed. 
sufflaminatet (su-flam'i-nat), v. t. [< L. suf- 
flaminatus, pp. of sujflaminare, hold back by a 
clog, check, < suffldmen, a clog, brake, shoe, 
drag-chain to check the motion of a wheel; 
perhaps for *sufflacmen, < sub, under, + flac- in 
flaccus, *flacus, hanging down; or for *suffrag- 
men, < sub, under, + frag- infrangere, pp. frac- 
tus, break (cf. brake as related to break): see 
suffrage.] To retard the motion of, as a car- 
riage by preventing one or more of its wheels 
from revolving ; stop; impede. 
God could anywhere suffiaminate and subvert the be- 
ginnings of wicked designs. 
Barrow, Sermon on the Gunpowder Plot. 
sufflate (su-fiaf), v. t.; pret. and pp. nufflated, 
ppr. sufflating. [< L. sufflatu-s, pp. of sufflare, 
subflare (>It. soffiare = Sp. soplar = Pg. soprar 
= F. souffler), blow tip from below, inflate, < 
sub, under, + flare, blow: see bloic 1 , flatus.] 
To blow up; inflate; also, to inspire. [Rare.] 
An infiam'd zeal-burning mind 
Suffiated by the Holy Wind. 
T. Ward, England's Reformation, iii. 
suffiation (su-fla'shon), . [< L. sufflatio(n-), 
a blowing or puffing up, < sufflare, blow up : see 
sufflate.] The act of blowing up or inflating. 
[Rare.] Imp. Diet. 
sufflue (su-flo'), n. In tier., a clarion. 
suffocate (suf'o-kat), v.; pret. and pp. suffo- 
cated, ppr. suffocating. [< L. suffocatus, pp. of 
suffocare (> It. soffogare, soffocare = Pg. suffo- 
car = Sp. sufocar = F. suffoquer), choke, stifle, 
< sub, under, + faux (fauc-), the upper part of 
the throat, the pharynx : see fauces.] I. trans. 
1. To kill by preventing the access of air to 
the blood through the lungs or analogous or- 
gans, as gills. 
Either his [Judas's] grief suffocated him, or his guilt 
made him hang himself ; for the words will signifie either. 
StillingJIeet, Sermons, I. vi. 
2. To impede respiration in; compress so as 
to prevent respiration. 
And let not hemp his wind-pipe suffocate. 
Shak., Hen. V., iii. 6. 45. 
3. To stifle; smother; extinguish: as, to suf- 
focate fire or live coals. 
So intense and ardent was the fire of his mind that it 
not only was not suffocated beneath the weight of fuel, 
but penetrated the whole superincumbent mass with its 
own heat and radiance. Macaulay. 
= Syn. 1. Stifle, Strangle, etc. See smother. 
II. intrans. To become choked, stifled, or 
smothered: as, we are suffocating in this close 
room. 
suffocatet (suf'o-kat), a. [< L. suffocatus, pp. : 
see the verb.] Suffocated; choked. 
This chaos, when degree is suffocate, 
Follows the choking. Shak., T. and C., i. 3. 125. 
suffocating (suf'o-ka-ting), p. . Choking; sti- 
fling. 
The su/bcatini/ sense of woe. Byron, Prometheus, 
suffocatingly (suf'o-ka-ting-li), adv. In a suf- 
focating manner; so as to suffocate. 
suffocation (suf-o-ka'shon), n. [< F. suffoca- 
tion = Sp. sufocacion = Pg. suffocagSo = It. 
soffocasione, < L. suffocatio(n-), a choking, sti- 
fling, < suffocare, choke, stifle : see suffocate.] 1. 
The act of suffocating, choking, or stifling. 
Death by asphyxia is a common mode of accomplishing 
homicide, as by suffocation, hanging, strangulation. 
Encyc. Brit., XV. 780. 
2. The condition of being suffocated, choked, 
or stifled. 
It was a miracle to 'scape suffocation. 
Shak., M. W. of W., iii. 5. 119. 
suffocative (suf'o-ka-tiv). a. [< suffocate + 
-we.] Tending or able to choke or stifle. Ar- 
imtlinni, Air. 
