suffossion 
iUffOBSiont (sii-losli'oii ), H. (< L. ./.M(-). a 
' ,ii,'.<ing under, an undermining, < tuffomre, pp. 
ntjbMW, pierce ondeniMth, i..- r .- throngta, < 
/,, under, + Mire, dig: see fniln-iit, Jn.-*il. \ 
A digging under; an undermining. 
BUffragan isuf'rii-!in), . and . [< ME. *(/'<',- 
iiitu fOF. 'siiQ'rin.inii, var. oi' suffragant, in part 
MOD < ML. tuffraganetu, fuffraganitu, assist- 
ing applied esp. to a bishop, < L. Htjnyori, 
assist: seexHrt'/v/'/'/Mf.] I. . Assisting; assis- 
tant; of or pertaining to a suffragan : as, a /- 
fraiiini bishop: a xiiffriiiinii see. In ecclesiastical 
usage even- bishop of a' province is said to he tufra-mn 
relatively to the archbishop. Si-c tufrayaa bwhnp, under 
' 
. 
The election of archbishops had . . . been continual 
subject of dispute between the nfnm bishops and the 
Augustine monks. QoUnnith, Hist. Eng., xlv. 
n. 1. An auxiliary bishop, especially one 
with' 110 right of ordinary jurisdiction; iu the 
Clt. of Knij., a bishop who has been consecrated 
to assist the ordinary bishop of a see in a par- 
ticular part of his diocese, like the ancient 
ehorepiscopus (which see). 
In the time of the Christians it was the seat of a tuffra- 
gan: now hardly u Tillage. Sandy*, Iravallos, p. 157. 
2 A title of every ordinary bishop with respect 
to the archbishop or metropolitan who is his 
superior. = Syn. Coadjutor, Su/rayan. See coadjutor. 
suffraganship (suf' ra-gan-ship), . [< suffra- 
i/nn + -/ii/>.] The position of suffragan. 
SUffragantt (suf 'ra-gant), a. and . [< F. suffra- 
</init = I'r. niiffriiguant = It. suffragante, <. L. 
suffrngaH(t-)8, ppr. of suffragan, vote for, sup- 
port with one's vote, support, assist: see suj- 
frnijntr, xnffragt, r. Cf. suffragan.] I. . As- 
sisting. 
Heavenly doctrine ought to be chief ruler and principal 
head everywhere, and not mifragant and subsidiary. 
Florio, tr! of Montaigne (1613), p. 175. (Latham.) 
II. n. 1. An assistant ; a favorer; one who 
concurs with another. 
More friends and m/ragantu to the virtues and modesty 
of sober women than enemies to their beauty. 
Jer. Taylor (?)> Artif. Handsomeness, p. 118. 
2 A suffragan bishop; a suffragan. Cotgrare. 
SUffragatet (suf'ra-gat), f. . [< L. suffraga- 
tus, pp. of suffragari (> it.suffragare = Pg. */- 
fragar = Sp. sufragar), vote for, support with 
one^svote, support, assist: see suffrage, v.] lo 
act as suffragant, aid, or subsidiary; be assis- 
Our poets hither for adoption come, 
As nations sued to be made free of Rome ; 
Not in the m/rayatiny tribes to stand. 
But In your utmost, last, provincial band. 
Drydm, Prol. to University of Oxford (1881 ?), 1. 31. 
It cannot choose but suffragate to the reasonableness 
and convenience thereof, being so discovered. 
Sir H. Unit, Origin of Mankind, p. al. 
SUffragatort (suf 'ra-ga-tor), u. [< L. sitffraga- 
tor, < sitffragari, support by one's vote : see suj- 
fragate.] One who assists or favors. 
The synod in the Low Countries is held at port; the 
most of their ra/raator are i.lready8SCTnbled 
Bp. n) Chester to Abp. Vtther, p. 87. 
suffrage (suf' raj), . [< F. suffrage = Sp. su- 
fragio = Pg. It. suffragto, < L. sttffragiuin, a 
voting-tablet, a ballot, a vote, the right of vot- 
ing, a decision, judgment, esp. a favorable de- 
cision, approbation ; prob. connected with sut- 
frago, hock-bone, also a shoot or spray, and 
orig., it is conjectured, a broken piece, as a 
potsherd, used in voting (cf. ostracism, , a kind 
of voting so called from the use of shells or 
potsherds); < suffringerc (pp. suffractus), break 
below, break up, < sub, under, + frangcre 
(V frail), break : see fraction, break. Cf. natt- 
frage,' saxifrage.} 1. A vote or voice given 
in deciding a controverted question, or in 
the choice of a person to occupy an office or 
trust ; the formal expression of an opinion on 
some doubtful question ; consent; assent; ap- 
proval. 
There doe they give their suffrage* and voyces for the 
election of the Magistrates. Coryat, Crudities, I. 253. 
We bow to beg your su/rage and kind ear. 
Fletcher, Humorous Lieutenant, Prol. 
I know, if it were put to the question of theirs and mini-, 
the worse would tlnu more suffrages. 
B. Jonson, Alchemist, To the Reader. 
2 The political right or act of voting ; the ex- 
ercise of the voting power in political affairs; 
especially, the right, under a representative 
.rovernment, of participating, directly or indi- 
rectly in the choice of public officers and in the 
004B 
adoption or rejection of fundamental laws: 
usually with the definite article. 
The mfraye was not yet regarded as a right Incident to 
manh I. and c.mld be ex tended only according to the 
judgment of Ih.iM- who were found in possession of it. 
Bancroft, Hist. Const., II. lit 
3. Testimony; attestation; witness. 
livery miracle Is the lufrage of Heaven to the truth of 
a doctrine. ""' 
4. Eccles., an intercessory prayer or petil 
The nifrayet of all the saint*. langfellow. 
In litunricf: (a) Short petitions, especially those in the 
litany, the lesser litany "r preccn at morning and evening 
prayer, etc. 
And then shall be said the litany ; save only that after 
this place : That, . . . etc.. the proper mfrayt sba 1 be, 
etc. Hook of Common Prayer, Consecr. of Bishops, 
(fc) The prayers of the people In response to and as dlstiii- 
giilshed from the verslcles or prayers said In litanies by the 
clergyman. 
5f. Aid; assistance; reliel. 
Charms for every dl*eat- .nd soverelim tufraaet for 
BUfiC 
. [AU-. 
. < " 
SUffumigation Ou-Hi- 
inhfiiiHiiiiilinii; < MK. 
(and F.') .v///f/"'i" . 
Ye. H,itji"i~/<"-<i" ---- )' ' ""- " 
. ttbfumigotio /- . a mtoldng 
from below: see ntffumigaU:] 1. II"' act ni 
fumigating, literally from below; fumigation. 
Take your meat* In the hotte time of Summer In cold 
place,, but in the Winter let there bee a bright tire an 
take it in hottc places, your parlors or ( ham tiers being 
flrst purge,, and ayred '""; T 
_., and sovereign nt/ragatur 
every sore. W. Patten (Arber's Eng. Garner, III. 71). 
Fe 
. 
, the political right of women to vote. 
sprur 'onstitution of the State of Wyoming ; 
and several other States of the Union allow women to 
vote on certain local matters, an is also the cam! in Great 
Britain. -Household suffrage. See faHuntojM.- Man- 
hood suffrage, a popular phrase denoting suffrage grant- 
Si to all male citizens who are of age, and are not physical- 
ly or morally incapacitated for itt exercise ; universal snf 
frage -Universal suffrage, a loose phrase, commonly 
,aningsntfrage(of adult miles) restricted only by non- 
citizenship, minority, criminal character, or bankruptcy ; 
manhood suffrage. 
suffrage (suf'raj), r. *.: pret. and pp suffrage!!, 
ppr. tuffraqimj. [< OF. 'suffrage, < L. suffra- 
gari, LL. also suffragare, vote for, support with 
one's vote, support, favor, assist, < guffra<n<nn, 
a vote: see suffrage, n. Cf. suffragant, suffra- 
gan.] To vote for ;elect. Miltim, Reformation 
in Eng., ii. [Rare.] 
suffragines, . Plural of suffrago. 
suffraginoust (su-fraj'i-nug) a. [< L. uffr- 
i(wit, diseased in the hock, < suffrago (-n-), 
hock: see suffrago.] Of or pertaining to the 
suffrago, especially of the horse. 
The hough or ntfraginmu flexure behinde. 
Sir T. Browne, Vulg. Err., 111. 1. 
suffragist (suf 'ra-jist),H. [< suffrage .+ -*] 1- 
One who possesses or exercises the ngnt or suf- 
frage; a voter. 2. One holding certain opin- 
ions concerning the right of suffrage, as about 
its extension : as, a vronuai-suffragnit. 
One ardent mfra,jist, already referred to, reasoning by 
analogy from lower to higher, proves the worthlessnes* 
of man by the fact that the female spider devours her ma e 
consort. Atlantic Monthly, LXV. 312. 
suffrage (su-fra'go), H.; pi. suffragines (-fraj'i- 
._JY> _____ T 1 rpUrt hAAlP /\ 0/\_ 
2. The act of burning perfumes: one of the 
ceremonies in incantation. 
Sorceresses 
That nueii exorslsaclouns 
And eke MlijiimwariMini. 
Chaucer, House of fame, 1. 124. 
A simple *u/umiaatio> accompanied by availing 
ourselves of the suitable planetary hour. 
Scott, Antiquary', xxll. 
3. A fume; especially, a preparation used in 
fumigating. 
As the nt/umigationi of the oppressed stomach surge 
up and cause the headache. 
iuffrago (su-fra'go), n.; pi. nitffragines (-fraj i- 
nex). [L.: see suffrage.] 1. The hock, or so- 
called knee, of a horse's hind leg, whose convex- 
ity is backward, and which corresponds to the 
human heel; the tibiotarsal articulation, bee 
cuts under hock and l'eriso<lactyla. 2. In nr- 
nith., the heel proper, sometimes called i 
knee; the mediotarsal articulation, whose con- 
vexity is backward, at the top of the shank, 
where the feathers of most birds stop. 
suffrutescent(suf-r9-tes'ent),a. [<* +/- 
tescent.] In bot., only slightly or obscurely 
woodv ; a little woody at the base, 
suffrutex (suf 'rij-teks), n. [NL., < L. sub, un- 
der, + fritter, a shrub, abush: see/rMter.J 1. 
In bot., an undershrub, or very small shrub; a 
low plant with decidedly woody stems, as the 
trailing arbutus, American wintergreen, etc. 
2. A plant with a permanent woody base, but 
with a herbaceous annual growth above, as the 
garden-sage, thyme, etc. [Rare, Eng.] 
suffruticose (su-fre'ti-kos), a. [< suffrutei 
l-ic-) + -osc; or < sub- + fmticose.] In bot., 
having the character of asuffrutex; small with 
woody stems, or having the stems woody at the 
base and herbaceous above ; somewhat shrub- 
bv: noting a plant or a stem. 
SUffruticOUS (su-fro'ti-kus), n. Same as suj- 
Another piebald knave 
Of the same brotherhood (he loved them ever) 
Was actively preparing 'neath his nose 
Such a m/umigation as, once tired, 
Had stunk the patient dead ere he could groan. 
Browning, l"arscelsus. 
suffumiget (su-fu'mij), n. [< ML., suffumigium, 
< L. suffumigare, smoke from below: see suffu- 
migate.] A medicinal fume. 
suffuse (su-fiiz'), r. t.; pret. and pp. suffused, 
ppr. suffusing. [< L. suffusux, pp. of suffunaere, 
pour below or underneath, or upon, overspread, 
< sub, under, + fundere, pour out, spread out: 
see /MW 1 .] To overspread, as with a fluid or 
tincture ; fill or cover, as with something fluid : 
as, eyes suffused with tears. 
When purple light shall next tufnte the skies. Pope. 
Hers was a face mfuted with the fine essence of beauty. 
T. WinUirop, Cecil Dreeme, xv. 
Alpine meadows sott-mffiued 
With rain. 
II. Arnold, Stanzas from the Grande Chartreuse. 
suffusion (su-fu'zhon), H. [= F. suffusion = Sp. 
sufwrion = Pg. suffusOo = It, suffuswne, < L. 
suffusio(n-), a pouring out or over, a spreading : 
MS suffuse.] 1. The act or operation of suffus- 
ing or overspreading, as with a fluid or a color ; 
also, the state of being suffused or overspread. 
To those that have the Jaundice or like lu/uam of 
eyes, objects appear of that color. 
2. That which is suffused or spread over, as 
an extravasation of blood. 
fritticoxe. 
siiffruticulose (suf-ri>-tik'u-16s), . [< *&- H 
fruticiilHse.'] In bot., slightly fruticulose, as 
some lichens. 
suffulted (su-ful'ted), n. In extern., gradually 
changing to another color Suffulted pupil, the 
central spSt of an ocellus when It is formed by two colors 
shading off into each other. 
suffumigate (su-fu'mi-gat), r.; pret. and pp. 
stiffumii/ated, ppr. xuffumigahng. [< 1... WJJP* 
,,i'i</:iliiK, pp. of xi<trii>i</<ir<; aiilijumiiiare (> It. 
suffumigare, siiffumicare), smoke from below, < 
sub, under. + fumigarr. smoke : see fumigate.] 
To apply fumes or smoke to, as to the body 11 
medical treatment. 
So thick a drop serene hath quench'd their orbs. 
Or dim fuffusion vell'd. Milton, P. L., ill. 26. 
3 In entom., a peculiar variegation, observed 
especially in Lepidoptera, in which the colors 
appear to be blended or run together. It Is most 
common In northern or alpine forms of species which are 
found with normal colors In warmer regions, 
suffusive (su-fu'siv), a. l< suffuse + -ire.] J 
taining to suffusion; overspreading. George 
Eliot, Middlemarch, xvi. 
SUfl, soft (so'fi, so'fi), H. [Also soofee, sophy, 
etc. ; = F. so/i, soufi; = Hind, sufi, < Ar. sufi, a 
Moslem mystic; either lit. 'wise,' < Gr. ffo^c, 
wise (see sophist) ; or, according to some, < suf, 
wool, the sufls (dervishes, fakirs) being obliged 
to wear garments of wool, and not of silk.] A 
Mohammedan mystic who believes (1) that God 
alone exists, and that all visible and invisible 
beings are mere emanations from him ; (2) that, 
as God is the real author of all acts of mankind, 
man is not a free agent, and there can be no real 
difference between good and evil ; (3) that, as 
the soul existed before the body, and is confined 
within the latter as in a cage, death should be 
the chief object of desire, for only then does the 
soul return to the bosom of the divinity; and 
(4) that religions are matters of indifference, 
though some are more advantageous than oth- 
ers (as, for instance, Mohammedanism), and 
that sufism is the only true philosophy. 
If Pharaoh's Title had befall'n to thee [Solomon], 
If the Mcdes Myter bowed at thy knee, 
Wert thou a Sophy; yet with Vertues luster 
Thou oughtst (at least) thy Oreatnes to illuster. 
Sylvester, tr. of Du Bartas's Weeks, II., The Magnificence. 
The principal occupation of the Sufi whilst in the body 
is meditation on the ... unity of God, the remembrance 
of God's names, . . . and the progressive advancement in 
the . . journey of life, so as to attain unification with 
God. Hughe*, Diet, of Islam, p. 609. 
suflc (so'fik), n. [< sufi + -if.] Of or pertain- 
ing to sufism. 
