Bulpbureously 
sulphur, or with the (tiding fomei or the heat of 
sulphur. 
Atifti i- -' .ii> <i low. Midphuriitugly shaded by a high bar- 
n n \li>init;iilic, \vllnsr limzen llnnt, Scorching tilt! mi.-rl- 
nblo TowTie, ycelds a perfect character of Turkish base- 
nesse. Sir T. Herbert, Travels (ed. 1038), p. 31. 
sulphureousness (sul-fu'i-f'-us-nes), . The 
shite or properly of liciii^' sulphureous. 
sulphuret (suri'u-ret), . [< miipliiir + -et.] 
Same as ttiiliiliid. 
sulphuretea, sulphuretted (sul'fa-ret-ed), a. 
IlaviiiK'sulptiuriii combination. Alsosulphydrif. 
Sulphureted bath, a bath, used in the treatment of 
scabies :inil rr/rni;i. c"iiHlHting uf :s ounces of potassium, 
calcium, T sodium milphid in 40 gallons of water. Sul- 
phureted hydrogen. See hyiii 
sulphuric (iul-ffl'rik), u. [= F. milfuriqui- 
Sp. sulj'tirico = Pg. xulplttirico = It. nolforim, < 
N'l,. .nilj'iiririis, sulphuricus; as sulphur + -.] 
Of or pertaining to or obtained from sulphur. 
Sulphuric acid, fiuHO^ oil of vitriol, a dense oily color- 
less fluid, having, when strongly concentrated, a specific 
gravity of about l.H. It is exceedingly acUl and corrosive, 
decomposing all animal and vegetable substances by the 
aid of heat. It hag a very great affinity for water, and 
unites with it in every proportion, evolving at the same 
time great heat ; It attracts moisture strongly from the at- 
mosphere, becoming rapidly weaker If exposed. When the 
concentrated acid Is heated, sulphur trioxid is given off. 
and at about 640* K. it bolls and distils unchanged. The sul- 
phuric acid of commerce is never pure, but may contain lead 
sulphate dissolved from the lead chambers during the pro- 
cess of manufacture, arsenic, and other Impurities. It was 
formerly procured by the distillation of dried iron sulphate, 
called tjr ten ritriul, whence the corrosive liquid which came 
over in the distillation, having an oily consistence, was 
called oil of rilrinl. It Is now prepared In the United States 
and most other countries by burning sulphur, or frequent- 
ly iron pyrites, in closed furnaces, and leading the fumes, 
mixed with oxlds of nitrogen, Into large leaden chambers, 
Into which Jets of steam are continuously sent. The oxlds 
of nitrogen are produced by the action of sulphuric acid 
upon niter contained In pots, which are placed between 
the sulphur-ovens and the chambers. The sulphur dloxld 
takes away part of the oxygen from the oxlds of nitrogen, 
which are again oxidized by the air in the chambers. 
The sulphur trtoxid produced unites with the steam to 
form sulphuric acid. The acid produced In the chamber, 
called chamber-acid, which has a specific gravity of about 
l.f> and contains 64 per cent, of H L .si >,, Is concentrated In 
leaden vessels until it reaches a specific gravity of 1.71 
and contains 7B per cent of 1 1 ..si > , . when it Is run Into 
glass or sometimes into platinum vessels, where the con- 
centration is continued. By concentrating sulphuric acid 
as far as possible and then cooling sufficiently, crystals of 
the true acid M..SI i , are obtained. The ordinary acid is 
a hydrate containing varying amounts of water. A form 
of sulphuric acid known as Nordhausen acid, or fuming 
sulphuric acid. Is prepared by heating Iron protosulphate 
or green vitriol in closed vessels ; it Is a solution of vari- 
able quantities of sulphur trloxid in sulphuric acid, or it 
may be regarded as pyrosulphuric acid, HaSgOv- It is 
largely used in the manufacture of artificial alizarin. 
Sulphuric acid is a strong dibasic acid, and forms both 
acia and neutral salts. It Is found uncomblned In nat- 
ural waters of certain volcanic districts. Its salts are 
universally distributed In nature, and are most exten- 
sively used in the arts. The free acid Is more widely 
used than any other, and is the agent for releasing other 
acids from then- salts and preparing them in a pure state. 
See sulphate. Sulphuric caustic, strong sulphuric acid 
made into a paste with plaster of i'aris, saffron, or lint. 
Sulphuric ether, (C 2 H6)2< >, ethyllc, vlnlc, or ordinary 
ether, a colorless mobile liquid, of a pleasant smell and 
pungent taste ; specific gravity, 0.720. It Is extremely 
volatile and highly inflammable ; and its vapor, mixed 
with oxygen or atmospheric air, forms a very dangerous 
explosive mixture. It dissolves In ten parta of water, and 
is miscible with alcohol and the fatty and volatile oils In 
all proportions. It is employed in medicine as a stimulant 
and antigpasmodic. The vapor of the etherwhen inhaled 
has at first an exhilarating intoxicating effect, which is 
soon followed l>y partial or complete Insensibility. It is 
largely used as an anesthetic in surgical operations, either 
alone or mixed with chloroform. It is prepared by dis- 
tilling a mixture of alcohol and sulphuric acid : hence the 
name sulphuric ether, although sulphuric acid does not 
enter into Its composition. True sulphuric ether, also 
known as ethyl sulphate, (CgHOgSOj, Is an oily liquid, of 
hunting taste and ethereal odor, resembling that of pep- 
permint, of specific gravity 1.120, and may be distilled 
without decomposition under diminished pressure at a 
temperature of about 406 F. Sulphuric oxid, or sul- 
phur trioxid, SO 3 , a white crystalline body produced by 
the oxidation of sulphurous oxid (which see, under tul- 
phuruus). When this oxid is thrown into water, it com- 
bines rapidly with it to form sulphuric acid. 
sulphurine (sul'fu-rin), a. [< sulphur + -toe 1 .] 
Pertaining to or resembling sulphur ; sulphure- 
ous. Bailey. [Bare.] 
sulphuring (sul'fer-ing), H. [Verbal n. of sul- 
phur, c.] 1. The act or process of exposing 
to fumes of burning sulphur or of sulphuric 
acid. 2. The process of converting a part of 
the oxygen of the air in a wine-cask into sul- 
phurous acid, by introducing, just before the 
wine is racked into the cask, a burning rag 
impregnated with sulphur. It serves to hinder 
acetous fermentation. 3. The act or process 
of applying flowers of sulphur, as to vines or 
roses to combat or prevent mildew. 
sulphurization, sulphurisation (sul'fu-ri-za'- 
shon), . [< suljihiiri-r + -titiim.] Same as sul- 
pli n ration, '2. 
I he higher the temperature employed, the lower Is the 
degree of tulphuritatinn of the products. 
W. II. (Jretnicood, Steel and Iron, p. 60. 
sulphurize (sul'fu-riz), r. /. ; pret. and pp. sul- 
i>liiiri:l, ppr. *iilpliuri:inH. [< sulphur + -irc.J 
To sulphurate. Also spelled xitlptturisc. 
1-argo commercial package!, as bales of goods and the 
like, cannot efficiently be sulphurized without loosening 
their covers and spreading out the content*. 
H'orMiop Receiptt, 2d ser., p. 205. 
sulphur-ore (sul'fer-or), n. The commercial 
name of iron pyrites, from the fact that sulphur 
and sulphuric acid are obtained from it. 
sulphurous (sul'fu-rus), a. [< F. ulj\ireiu: = 
Pr. solpros = Sp. sulftiroso, < L. sulfurosus, sul- 
See rain 1 , 2 (a). 
Same as sulphur- 
w, full of sulphur, < sulfur, sulphur : see 
sulphur.] Full of or impregnated with sulphur; 
containing sulphur ; of or pertaining to sulphur ; 
like sulphur; like the suffocating fumes or the 
heat of training sulphur. 
There 's hell, there 's darkness, there 's the tulphuroiu 
pit! Skat., Lear, Iv. 6. 130. 
She has a sulphurous spirit, and will take 
Light at a spark. />'. Jonson, Catiline, 111. ::. 
Wee once more sal I'd under the .Equator, . . . the wind 
. . . veering Into E. N. E., so that the Monzoon affronted 
us, ... at which time many of your company died, Im- 
puting the cause of their Calentures, Fluxes, Aches, . . . 
and the like to the sulphurout heat there. 
Sir T. Herbert, Travels (ed. 1638X p. 30. 
And the sulphurous rifts of passion and woe 
Lie deep 'neath a silence pure A smooth. 
Lowell, Vision of Sir Launfal, L, i>reL 
Sulphurous oxid, S0 2 , a gas formed by the combustion 
of sulphur in air or dry oxygen. It is transparent and col- 
orless, of a disagreeable taste, a pungent and suffocating 
odor, Is fatal to life, and very Injurious to vegetation. 
By the aid of pressure and cold It may be reduced to the 
liquid state. It extinguishes flame, ana is not Itself inflam- 
mable. It has bleaching properties, so that the fumes of 
burning sulphur are often used to whiten straw, and Bilk 
and cotton goods. It is also used as an antiseptic. This 
gas is also called sulphur dioxtd; when led Into water It 
forms sulphurous acid, HoSO s . This acid readily takes up 
oxygen, passing Into sulphuric acid ; It is dibasic, forming 
salts called milphites. Sulphurous-acid gas is called In the 
trade vapor of burning brimstone. 
sulphur-rain (surfer-ran), . 
sulphur-root (sul'fer-rot), n. 
wort. 
sulphur-salt (surfer-salt), n. Same as sulpho- 
satt. 
sulphur-spring (sul'fer-spring), n. A spring 
containing sulphurous compounds, or impreg- 
nated with sulphurous gases. Such springs are 
common in regions of dying-out or dormant 
volcanism. See spring. 
sulphur-waters (sul'fer-wa'terz), n.pl. Waters 
impregnated with sulphureted hydrogen. 
sulphurweed (sul'fer-wed), w. Same as sl- 
phuricort. 
sulphur-whale (sul'fer-hwal), H. Same as sul- 
phur-bottom. 
sulphurwort (sul'fer-wert), H. An Old World 
umbelliferous herb, Peucedanum officinale, with 
large umbels of pale-yellow flowers. The root 
has a yellow resinous juice, and an odor comparable to 
that of sulphur. It contains peucedanin, and was for- 
merly used in medicine ; it is still somewhat used in vet- 
erinary practice. Also mtlphttrtceed and sulphur-root. 
sulphury (sul'fer-i), a. [< sulphur + -y 1 .] 1. 
Sulphurous. 
Sulphury wrath 
Having once enter 'd Into royal breasts, 
Mark how It burns. Lust't Dominion, il. y. 
I ... beheld a long sheet of blue water, Its southern 
extremity vanishing lit a hot, sulphury haze. 
B. Taylor, Lands of the Saracen, p. 77. 
2. In entom., tinged with sulphur-yellow: as, 
sulphury white. 
sulphur-yellow (sul'fer-yel'o), . The yellow 
color of sulphur; a pale or light yellow. See 
sulphur, a. 
sulphuryl (sul'fu-ril), M. The bivalent radical 
SO,. 
sulpnydrate (sulf'hi'drat), w. Same as sulpho- 
hydratr Methyl sulphydrate. Same as methyl mer- 
captan (which see, under mercaptan). 
SUlphydriC (sulf'hi'drik), a. [< sulph(tir) + hy- 
dr(ogen) + -if.] Same as sulphurcted. 
Sulpician, Sulpitian (sul-pish'ian), . [< F. 
Sulpicien, the parish of St. Sulpice in Paris, 
where they were first organized ; < L. Sulpicius, 
a Roman name.] One of a Roman Catholic 
order of priests established at Paris by the 
Abb6 Olier, about 1645, for the purpose of train- 
ing young men for the clerical office. 
sultan (snl'tan), M. [A later form, after the 
mod. F. or It or the orig. Ar., of early mod. E. 
soldan, soldnne, souldan, < ME. soldan, soudun. 
sowdan, sotrdon, satcdon, < OF. souldan, soudan, 
sultan, F. sultan = Pr. sultan = Sp. soldan, sul- 
tan = Pg. soldffo, sultao = It. siiltauo = D. Or. 
Sw. Dun. sultan = Russ. *u/ta>iii,< ML. sultanus. 
sultry 
MUr. VH&r&tOt, <r./.tf/r... , Mir. miv'l- 
. < Turk, niilttni = Porn. Himl. milinii, < Ar. 
Hultaii, also wrilti-ii .//. prince, monarch, 
sultan, orig. dominion, = Clial. \linltnn, do- 
minion, < xiiltn. suit", dominion, power.] 1. 
A Mohammedan sovereign: as, the Sultan of 
Zanzibar or of Morocco; by way of emim-n.-. . 
the ruler of Turkey, who a'ssumes the title of 
Siiliini n! 'sultans; in old use, any ruler. 
flotrdanet and Sarezeiiea owt of sere landes. 
Morte Arthur (E. E. T. S.), I. c-iT 
Thise marchanU stode in grace 
Of him, that was the towdan of Surrye. 
Chaucer, Man of Law's Talc, 1. 79. 
Whiche lorde* he all Mamolukes and vnder the toldan. 
Sir It. <juy(forde, Pylgrymage, p. 16. 
It has been mentioned that Turkey, In Sultan Abdul 
Medjld's reign, consented to the reunion of Moldavia and 
Wallachla as a single dominion, practically Independent 
of the Forte. Creaty, Hist. Ottoman Turks, xxv. 
2. In iii-iii/h.. a purple or hyacinthine gallinulc, 
or porphyrio ; a bird of either of the genera 
I'orpkyrio and loiiorni*, belonging to the rail 
family, Kallidte : no called from their gorgeous 
coloration. The American sultan is lonornis 
mtirtinii'a. See the generic names, and ijalli- 
nule. Also called sultana. 3. An ornamental 
variety of the domestic hen, of small size and 
pure-white plumage, and having the head heav- 
ily crested and bearded, beak white, legs Mu> 
shanks feathered, and toes five. 
A small white-crested variety, profusely feathereil on 
the legs, was received some twenty years since (1864) from 
Turkey ; they are now known as fhdtant. 
Eneyc. Brit., XIX. 845. 
4. Either of two garden-flowers, Centattrea mon- 
ehata, the sweet sultan, with purple or white 
flowers, and C. maveoleiu, the yellow sultan: 
both often classed as Amberboa. They are desirable 
old annuals, both, especially the former, sweet-scented. 
They are also called respectively purple (or u-hite) meet- 
sultan and yellow suxet-sultan. Sultan coffee. See cof- 
fee. Sultan's parasol. See Sterculia. 
sultana (sul-ta'na), n. [< It. sultana (= Sp. Pg. 
xultiiHit = F. fulfanf ), < ML. "sultana, fern, of 
sultanus, sultan : sve sultan.] 1. The mother, 
a wife, or a daughter of a sultan. 2. A mis- 
tress, especially of a king or prince. 
Lady Kitty Crocodile . . . was a favorite sultana of 
several crowned heads abroad, and lastly married a most 
noble and illustrious duke. 
.<'. t'oote, quoted in W. Cooke's Memoirs of Foote, I. 121. 
While Charles flirted with his three xidtanat, Horten- 
sia s French page . . . warbled some amorous verses. 
Macau/ay, Mist. Eng., Iv. 
3. A peculiar form of necklace worn by women 
in the second half of the eighteenth century. 
4. An obsolete musical instrument of the viol 
class, having several wire strings, tuned in 
pairs, like the zither. 5. In ornith., same as 
iiiUnn.'i. 6. A variety of raisin. See raisin, '2. 
sultana-bird (sul-ta'nft-berd), H. Same as sul- 
tan, 2. 
sultanate (sul'tan-at), H. [< sultan + -atc s . Of. 
Turk, sultdnat, sultanate. ] The rule, dominion, 
or territory of a sultan. 
The dominions of the Sultanate of Zanzibar. 
yineteenth Century, XXIV. 440. 
sultaness (sul'tan-es), H. [Altered, after /- 
tan, from earlier soldanesf, < ME. soiedanesse, 
< OF. "ioudancsse, fern, of soudan, sultan: see 
sultan and -<-*.] A sultana. 
This olde totcdaMsne, this cursed crone, 
Hath with her frendes doon this cursed dede. 
Chaucer, Man of Law's Tale, I. 334. 
sultan-flower (sul'tan-flou'er), w. Same as 
sultan, 4. 
sultanic (sul-tan'ik), a. [< sultan + -IP.] Of 
or belonging to a sultan; imperial, 
sultanry (sul'tan-ri), . [< sultan + -ry.~\ Thf 
dominions of a sultan; a sultanate. 
Neither should I make any great difficulty to affirm the 
same of the sultanry of the Mamaluches. 
Bacon, Holy War. 
sultanship (sul'tan-ship), n. [<n/fl + -*/(//.] 
The office or state of a sultan, 
sultrily (sul'tri-li), nrfr. In a sultry manner : 
oppressively. Broiruimj, Serenade at the Villa, 
sultriness (sul'tri-nes), w. The state of being 
sultry ; heat with a moist or close air. 
sultry (sul'tri), a. [Contr. of stceltry, q. v.] 1. 
Giving forth great or oppressive heat. 
Such as, born beneath the burning sky 
And sultry mn, betwixt the tropics He. 
Dryden, JJneid, vit. 309. 
2. Very hot and moist ; heated, close, stagnant, 
and heavy: as, a sidtry atmosphere; a sultri/ 
night. 
April pastes and May steals by ; 
June leads In the niitry July. 
Bryant, The i 
Song Sparrow. 
