Sumatra orange 
Sumatra orange. See M,imiya. 
Sumatra pepper. See /;</./ /. 
8Umbul(sum'l)ul), ii. [= I'', aiimlinl, < Ar. 1'crs. 
Hind, sum/nil, spikenard.] An East Indian 
name of the spikenard (\iirdos- 
itirlti/x JiittiiiKinsi). the valerian, 
anil t lie musk-root (l-'iriilnXiinihiil), 
more especially of their roots. The 
musk-root is the commercial suni- 
bul. See cut under spikenard. 
sumbul-root(sum'bul-rot), n. The 
root of fintlti Xitmliiil. See sum- 
sum-calculus (sum'kar'ku-lus), . 
That part of the calculus of finite 
differences which treats of sum- 
mation. 
Sumerian, Sumir, Sumirian (su- 
me'ri-au, su'mir, si:-niir'i-iin >. n. 
See Accadiini. 
sumless (sum'les), . [< -- + 
-less.'} Not to be summed up or 
computed; of which the amount 
cannot be ascertained; incalcula- 
ble ; inestimable. Shak., Hen.V., 
i. 2. 165. 
SUmmaget, >> [Also xummji-; < OF. xiHiiiiiiiiic. a 
linrden, drudgery, < somme, some, xnume, stunt. 
a load, burden, pack: see seam 2 . Cf. summer", 
sampler.] A toll for carriage on horseback; 
also, a horse-load. 
summarily (snm'a-ri-li), ade. In a summary 
manner; briefly; concisely; in a narrow com- 
pass, or in few words ; in a short way or method ; 
without delay; promptly; without hesitation or 
formality. 
summariness (sum'a-ri-nes), . The character 
of being summary. " 
Summarist (sum'a-rist), w. [< summar-y + -ist.~\ 
One who summarizes; a writer or compiler of 
a summary. 
summarize (sum'a-riz), v. t. ; pret. and pp. sum- 
niiiri-t'il, ppr. summarizing. [< summar-y 4- -foe.] 
To make a summary or abstract of; reduce to 
or express in a summary; state or represent 
briefly. Also spelled summarise. 
The distinctive catch-words which summarize his doc* 
trine. S. Lanier, The English Novel, p. 44. 
summary (sum'a-ri), a. and n. [I. a. = P. som- 
iiitiirc = Sp. suniario = Pg. summario = It. ow- 
mario, < L. "summarius, of or pertaining to the 
sum or substance, < summa, the main thing, the 
substance, the whole : see !. II. n. = F. 
sommaire = Sp. sumario = Pg. summario = It. 
sommario, < L. summarium, an epitome, ab- 
stract, summary, neut. of "sumniarius, adj.: see 
I.] I. a. 1. Containing the sum or substance 
only; reduced to few words ; short; brief; con- 
cise; compendious: as, a summary statement 
of arguments or objections. 2. Bapidly per- 
formed ; quickly executed ; effected by a short 
way or method; without hesitation, delay, or 
formality. 
He cleared the table by the summary process of tilting 
everything upon it into the fireplace. 
' a, Martin Chuizlewit, xiii. 
ions. 
resultant. 
This, it must be confessed, is rather a summary mode of 
settling a question of constitutional right. 
D. Webnter, Speech, March 10, 1818. 
Summary conviction. See conviction. Summary Ju- 
risdiction Act. see jurisdiction. Summary proceed- 
ings, in law. See proceeding. = Svn. 1. Succinct, Con- 
densed, etc. (sec concise); synoptical, terse, pithy. 2. 
Prompt, rapid. 
II. ii.', pl.xiin'ft(-riz). 1. An abridged or 
condensed statement or account; an abstract, 
abridgment, or compendium containing the 
sum or substance of a fuller statement. 
And have the summary of all our griefs, 
When time shall serve, to show in articles. 
SAO*., 2 Hen IV., Iv. 1.78. 
There te one summary, or capital law, in which nature 
meets, subordinate to God. 
Bacon, Physical Fables, vlll., Expl. 
2. In line, a short application to a court or 
judge, without the formality of a full proceed- 
ing. ir/w/V(JM. = Syn. 1. Compendium, Abstract, etc. 
See abridgment. 
summation (su-mii'shon), . [= P. sommation, 
< KL.MMMMtto(-)i admonition, lit. 'a summing 
up,'< xiimuitire, sum up: see sum 1 .] Addition; 
specifically, the process of finding the sum of a 
series, or the limit toward which the sum of an 
infinite series converges; any combination of 
particular quantities in a total. 
Of this series no summation is possible to a finite intel- 
lect. Dt I.I 111", ,::,,. 
We must therefore suppose that in these ideational 
tracts, as well as elsewhere, activity may be awakened, iu 
6050 
any particular locality, by the nimmation therein of a 
number of tensions, each Incapable alone of provoking an 
actual discharge. W. Jama, Prin. of Psycho!., I. 'Mt. 
Summation of series, in math. See -nY. Summa- 
tion Of Stimuli, tlit phenomenon of tin- production of 
mentul effects by iterated stimuli which a single one would 
not produce. 
summational (su-ma'shon-al), a. [< MMMMttM 
+ -al.} Produced or expressed by summation 
or addition : in contradistinction to somewhat 
similar results produced by other operati 
Summational tone. See resultant tone, under re 
summative (sum'a-tiv), a. [< MMMoMon + 
-ire.] Additive; operating or acting by means 
of addition. [Bare.] 
Inhibition, however, is not the destruction, but the stor- 
fng-up, of energy ; and Is attended not by the discharge, 
hut by the increased tension, of relatively large and strong- 
ly-acting motor cells, whose connections with each other 
are mainly mtmmatm. O. S. Hall, German Culture, p. 2%. 
summer 1 (sum'er), n. and a. [Early mod. E. 
also sommer; < ME. somer, sumer, < AS. sumer, 
xiiiiior = OS. sumar = OFries. snmer, sumur -= 
MD. somer, D. comer = MLG. somer, LG. som- 
mcr = OHO. sumar, MHG. sumer, G. sommer = 
Icel. sumar = Sw. sommar = Dan. sommer (Goth. 
not recorded), summer; akin to Olr. sam, Ir. 
sum, -.a mil, summer, sun (Olr. sum mil, xnniradh, 
summer), = OW. ham, W. lia/, summer, = Ar- 
menian am, year (amarn, summer), = Skt. 
namd, year, = Zend hama, summer.] I. w. 1. 
The warmest season of the year: in the United 
States reckoned as the months June, July, and 
August; in Great Britain as May, June, and 
July. See season. 
In Somer, be alle the Contrees, fallen many Tempested. 
MandemUe, Travels, p. 129. 
2. A whole -year as represented by the sum- 
mer; a twelvemonth: as, a child of three stim- 
mers. 
Five summers have I spent in furthest Greece. 
Shot., C. of E., L 1. 1S3. 
All-hallownsummert. See att-haUoum. Indian sum- 
mer. See /ndian. Little summer of St. Luke, or St. 
Luke's summer, a recurrence of mild weather lasting for 
ten days or a fortnight, usually beginning about the mid- 
dle of October, the 18th of which month IB St. Luke's day. 
St. Martin's summer, a period of fine weather occur- 
ring about St. Martin's day, November llth ; hence, pros- 
perity after misfortune. 
Expect Saint Martin's summer, halcyon days, 
Since I have entered Into these wars. 
Shale., 1 Hen. VI., 1. 2. 131. 
But suppose easterly winds have largely predominated 
in autumn, and south-westerly winds begin to prevail in 
the end of November or beginning of December, the wea- 
ther Is likely to continue exceptionally mild, with frequent 
storms of wind and rain, till about Christmas. This period 
occurs nearly every year, and Its beginning is popularly 
known as St. Martins summer. 
Buchan, Handy Book of Ueteorol. (2d e<U, p. 331. 
II. a. Of or pertaining to summer: as, sum- 
mer heat ; hence, sunny and warm. 
Thyne oilcellar sette on the somer syde. 
Palladius, Husbondrie (E. E. T. S.), p. 19. 
He was sitting in a summer parlour. Judges ill. 20. 
Summer bronchitis, summer catarrh. Same as hay. 
fever. Summer cloud. See cloudi, 1 (6). Summer 
colts, the quivering vaporous appearance of the air 
near the surface of the ground when heated in summer. 
[Prov. Eng.] Summer complaint, diarrhea occurring 
in the summer. [Colloq., U. S.| Summer cypress. See 
cypressi, 1 (c). Summer duck. See duck?. Summer 
fever, hay -fever. Summer finch. See jfncAl and Peu- 
ctea. Summer grape, haw, lightning, rape, see 
grapei, 2, /m -, 3, etc. Summer redblrd, the rose tan- 
ager, Pirantra tegtioa, which breeds in the United States 
throughout its summer range. It is 7 inches long, and 12 
in extent. The male is rich-red, of a rosy or vermilion tint, 
different from the scarlet of the black-winged tanager. 
Summer savory, see mmri/s. Summer snipe, (a) 
The common sandpiper, Trinyuide* hjrpoteucu*. (b) The 
green sandpiper, (c) The dunlin or purre. (Eng. in all 
senses.] Summer snowflake. See snoirflake,s. Sum- 
mer squash. See squash?. Summer teal, the pied 
widgeon, or garganey, Querquedula circia. [Eng. ] Sum- 
mer warbler. Same as summer wllotrbird. Summer 
wheat. See u-heat. Summer yellowbird, the summer 
warbler, Dendrtxca .vxtira. one of the golden warblers 
abounding in the United States in summer. See warbler. 
summer* (sum'er), r. [< summer^, .] I. in- 
fra its. To pass the summer or warm season. 
The fowls shall nininwr upon them (mountains], and 
all the beasts of the earth shall winter upon them. 
Isa. .vM ii. 6. 
II. trans. 1. To keep or carry through the 
summer. [Bare.] 
Maids, well tummrml and warm kept, are like flies at 
Bartholomew-tide, blind, though they have their eyes. 
Shot., Hen. V., v. 2. 886. 
2. To feed during the summer, as cattle. 
[Scotch.] 
summer 2 (sum'er), n. [Early mod. E. also sow- 
mer; < ME. somer, < OP. somier, sommier, *sti- 
mier, sumer, P. sommier = Pr. saumier = It. so- 
mii-n . xoiiiaro, a pack-horse, also abeam, < ML. 
sagmarius, sugmarius, samarius, saumarius, so- 
summer-ripe 
inarms, miiiiiiiiiriun, a pack-horse. |irop. adj., sc. 
i-iiliiilliix.<. siii/niii, ltL.atoOWIMia.MMM! ii pack, 
burden, < <ir. <7(ij/(, a pack-waddle: > smtn-. 
( '('. (i. xii ii mi r. mi ii mi r, pack-horse ; and see 
xim/iiti'i; from the same ult. source. Forthe use 
.if .tiniinii-f, 'jiack-horsc,' in the sense 'benm' 
(as bearing weight), cf. E. Imrsi . i-nsii, in simi- 
lar uses.] If. A pack-horse ; a sumpter-horse. 
The two squires drof be-fore hem a snmer with two cofers, 
and the! a-llght a-nuon vnder the pyne Ire. 
Merlin (K. E. T. 8.), 111. W8. 
The monke hath fifty two men, 
And seven sinners full stronge. 
/../Mfr.VxfW/.Vi'/" //'' liil.l's 
(Ballads, V. 82). 
2. In biiilflini/: () A large 
timber or beam laid as 
a bearing-beam. See cuts 
under beam, 1. (ft) A girder. 
(c) A brest-summer. (rf) 
A large stone, the first that 
is laid upon a column or pi- 
laster in the construction 
of an arch, or of several 
arches uniting upon one 
impost, as in the ribs of 
groined vaulting, (e) A 
stone laid upon a column to 
receive a haunch of a plat- 
band. (/) A lintel. 
summer 3 (sum'er), w. [< sumi + -er 1 .] One 
who sums; one who casts up an account, 
summer-dried (sura'er-drid), a. Dried by the 
heat of the summer. [Bare.] 
Like a mmtncr-rfried fountain. 
Scott, I., of the L, III. 16. 
summer-fallow (sum'er-fal'6), a. and w. I. a. 
Lying fallow during the summer. 
U. n. Naked fallow; land lying bare of crops 
in summer, but frequently plowed, harrowed, 
and rolled, so as to pulverize it and clean it of 
weeds. 
summer-fallow (sum'er-fal i '6), v. t. [< sum- 
mer-fallow, .] To plow and let lie fallow ; plow 
and work repeatedly in summer to prepare for 
wheat or other crop. 
summer-house (sum'er-hous), n. 1. A struc- 
ture in a park or garden, sometimes elaborate, 
but more often of the simplest character, gen- 
erally little more than a roof supported on 
posts, and with the sides open or closed mere- 
ly with a lattice for the support of vines, in- 
tended to provide a shady and cool place to sit 
in the open air, or for the enjoyment of a view, 
or the like. Compare kiosk and pavilion. 
In its centre was a grass-plat, surrounding a ruinous 
little structure, which showed just enough of Its original 
design to Indicate that it had once been a summer-house. 
Hawthorne, Seven Gables, vi. 
Eighteenth-century summer-houses seem to have been 
of two types those that closed a vista in the garden at 
the end of a long walk, and those that were placed in the 
corner of the bowling-green or court. 
S. and Q., 7th ser., IX. 176. 
2. A house for summer residence. 
summering 1 (sum'er-ing), n. [< summer^, ., + 
iH*/ 1 .] 1. A kind of early apple. 2*. Bural 
merrymaking at midsummer; a summer holi- 
day. Nares. 
summering 2 (sum'er-ing), . [< summer 1 * + 
-in;/!.] In arch., in conic vaulting, where the 
axis is horizontal, the two surfaces which, if 
produced, would intersect the axis of the cone. 
Gtcilt. 
summer-lay t, r. < [ME. somer-layen; < HUIH- 
mfr 1 + 'fl.V*-] To sow in summer (T). 
Your fader had fro John Kendale the croppe of the 
seide x acres londe, sowen barly and peson, wherof v 
acres were weel somer layde to the seid barly. 
I'aston Letters, III. 402. 
summer-like (sum'er-lik), a. Besembling sum- 
mer; summerly. 
Grapes might at once have turned purple under its HIIIM- 
merlike exposure. Hawthorne, Seven Gables, vfii. 
summerliness (sum'er-li-nes), w. The state of 
being summerly, or of having a mild or summer- 
like temperature. Fuller, Worthies, Somerset- 
shire, HI. 85. [Bare.] 
summerly (sum'er-li), a. [< ME. somerlich, < 
AS. sumorlir. < sumor, summer: see summer 1 
and-fy 1 .] Likesummer; characteristic of sum- 
mer; warm and sunny. 
As summerly as June and Strawberry Hill may sound. I 
assure you I am writing to you by the fire-aide. 
Walfote, Letters, II. 164. 
summer-ripe (sum'er -rip), a. Quite or fully 
ripe. [Bare.] 
It is an injury, or, in his word, a curse upon corn, when 
it is *tnHintT-ripf\ not to be cut down with the sickle. 
Bp. Haeltet, Abp. Williams. II. 228. (Darirt.) 
