sunshine-recorder 
sunshine-recorder (suii'shm-re-k6r"der), w. An 
instrument for registering the duration of sun- 
shine. 
'ays. TheCampbi 
of a glass sphere which acts as a lens, with its focus on a 
curved strip of millboard. The sun's rays, focused by the 
sphere, burn a path on the millboard as the sun moves 
through the heavens. The length of the burnt line indi- 
cates the duration of sunshine, or, more strictly, the length 
of time that the sun shines with sufficient intensity to 
burn the millboard. The photographic sunshine-recorder 
consists of a dark chamber into which a ray of light is 
admitted through a pinhole. This ray falls on a strip of 
sensitized paper which is placed on the inside of a cylin- 
der whose axis is perpendicular to the sun's rays. Tinder 
the diurnal motion of the sun, the ray travels across the 
paper, and leaves a sharp straight line of chemical action, 
while no other part of the paper is exposed to light. The 
axisof the cylinderhasanadjustmentforlatitude. In the 
latest form of the apparatus two cylinders are used, one 
for the morning and the other for the afternoon trace, 
sunshiningt (sun ' shl " ning), a. Sunshiny. 
[Bare.] 
As it fell out on a sun-shining day, 
When Phoebus was in his prime. 
Robin Hood and the Bishop (Child's Ballads, V. 298). 
sunshiny (sun'shi"ni), a. [< sunshine + -i/ 1 .] 
1. Bright with the rays of the sun; having the 
sky unclouded in the daytime: as, sunshiny 
weather. 
We have had nothing but sunshiny days, and daily walks 
from eight to twenty miles a day. Lamb, To Coleridge. 
2. Bright like the sun. 
The fruitfull-headed beast, amazd 
At flashing beames of that sunshiny shield, 
Became stark blind, and all his sences dazd, 
That downe he tumbled. Spenser, F. Q., I. viii. 20. 
3. Bright; cheerful; cheery. 
Perhaps his solitary and pleasant labour among fruits 
and flowers had taught him a more sunshiny creed than 
those whose work is among the tares of fallen humanity. 
R. L. Stevenson, An Old Scotch Gardener. 
sun-smitten (sun'smif'n), p. a. Smitten or 
lighted by the rays of the sun. [Rare,] 
I climb d the roofs at break of day ; 
Sun-smitten Alps before me lay. 
Tennyson, The Daisy. 
sun-Snake (sun'snak), n. A figure resembling 
the letter S, or an S-curve, broken by a circle 
or other small figure in the middle : it is com- 
mon as an ornament in the early art of north- 
em Europe, and is supposed to have had a sa- 
cred signification. 
sun-southing (sun'sou"THing), . The transit 
of the center of the sun over the meridian at 
apparent noon. 
sun-Spot (sun'spot), n. One of the dark patches, 
from 1,000 to 100,000 miles in diameter, which 
are often visible upon the photosphere. The 
central part, or umbra, appears nearly black, though the 
darkness is really only relative to the intense surround- 
ing brightness. With proper appliances the umbra it- 
self is seen to contain still darker circular holes, and to 
be overlaid by films of transparent cloud. It is ordinarily 
surrounded by a nearly concentric penumbra composed of 
converging filaments. Often, however, the penumbra is 
unsymmetrical with respect to the umbra, and sometimes 
it is entirely wanting. The spots often appear in groups, 
and frequently a large one breaks up into smaller ones. 
They are continually changing in form and dimensions, 
and sometimes have a distinct drift upon the sun's sur- 
Sun-spot of March 5th, 1873. 
face. They last from a few hours to many months. They 
are known to be shallow cavities in the photosphere, de- 
pressed several hundred miles below the general level, 
and owe their darkness mainly to the absorption of light 
due to the cooler vapors which fill them. Their cause and 
the precise theory of their formation are still uncertain, 
though it is more than probable that they are In some way 
6062 
connected with descending currents from the upper re- 
gions of the solar atmosphere. The spots are limited to 
the region within 45 of the sun's equator, and are most 
numerous in latitudes from 15" to 20, being rather scarce 
on the equator itself. They exhibit a marked periodicity 
in number: at intervals of about eleven years they are 
abundant, while at intermediate times they almost vanish. 
The explanation of this periodicity is still unknown. Nu- 
merous attempts have been made to correlate it with 
various periodic phenomena upon the earth with doubt- 
ful success, however, except that there is an unmistakable 
(though unexplained) connection between the spottedness 
of the sun's surface and the number and violence of our 
so-called magnetic storms and auroras. 
sun-spurge (sun'sperj), n. See spurge?. 
sun-squall (sun'skwal), n. A sea-nettle or jel- 
lyfish. One of the common species so called 
by New England fishermen is Aureliaflamdula. 
sun-star (sun'star), . A starfish of many rays, 
as the British Crossaster papposits. See HeU- 
aster, and cuts under Brisinga and Solaster. 
sunstead (sun'sted), M. [Early mod. E. also 
sunnestead, sunsted.'] A solstice. Cotgrave. 
[Obsolete or archaic.] 
The sammer-sunnestead falleth out alwaies [in Italie] to 
be just upon the foure and twentie day of June. 
Holland, tr. of Pliny, xviii. 28. 
SUnstone (sun'ston), n. [< sun 1 + stone.'] A 
variety either of oligoclase or of orthoclase, or 
when green a microcline feldspar, showing red 
or golden-yellow colored reflections produced 
by included minute crystals of mica, gothite, 
or hematite. That which was originally brought from 
Aventura in Spain is a reddish-brown variety of quartz. 
Also called aventurin, heliolite. The name is also occasion- 
ally given to some kinds of cat's-eye. 
sun-Stricken (sun'strik"n), p. a. Stricken by 
the sun ; affected by sunstroke. 
Enoch's comrade, careless of himself, . . . fell 
Sun-stricken. Tennyson, Enoch Arden. 
sunstroke (sun'strok), n. Acute prostration 
from excessive heat of weather. TWO forms may 
be distinguished one of sudden collapse with out pyrexia 
(heat-exhaustion), the other with very marked pyrexia 
(thermic fever : see/CTri). The same effects may be pro- 
duced by heat which is not of solar origin. 
sunstruck (sun'struk), . Overcome by the 
heat of the sun ; affected with sunstroke. 
sunt (sunt), n. [Ar. (?).] The wood of Acacia 
Arabica, of northern Africa and southwestern 
Asia. It is very durable if water-seasoned, and 
much used for wheels, well-curbs, implements, 
etc. 
sun-tree (sun'tre), n. The Japanese tree-of- 
the-sun. See Retinospora. 
sun-trout (sun'trout), n. The squeteague, a 
scisenoid fish, Cynoscion regalis. 
sun-try (sun'tri), v. t. To try out, as oil, or try 
out oil from, as fish, by means of the sun's heat. 
Sharks' livers are often sun-tried. [Nantucket.] 
sun-up (sun'up), . [< sun 1 + up. Cf. sundown."] 
Sunrise. [Local, U. 8.] 
Such a horse as that might get over a good deal of ground 
atwixt sun-up and sun-down. 
J. F. Cooper, Last of Mohicans, iv. 
On dat day ole Brer Tarrypin, en his ole 'oman, en his 
th'ee chillnns, dey got up 'fo' sun-up. 
J. C. Harris, Uncle Remus, xviii. 
sun-wake (sun'wak), n. The rays of the set- 
ting sun reflected on the water. According to 
sailors' tradition, a narrow wake is an indication of good 
weather on the following day, a broad wake a sign of bad 
weather. 
Sunward, sunwards (sun'wiird, -wardz), a. 
and adv. [< sun 1 + ward."] to or toward the 
sun. Carlyle, Sartor Eesartus, ii. 6. 
Which, launched upon its sunward track, 
No voice on earth could summon back. 
T. B. Read, Wagoner of the Alleghanies, p. 17. 
sun-wheel (sun'hwel), n. A character of wheel- 
like form, supposed to symbolize the sun : it has 
many varieties, among others the wheel-cross, 
and exhibits four, five, or more arms or spokes 
radiating from a circle, every arm terminating 
in a crescent. 
sunwise (sun'wiz), adv. [< sww 1 + -wise.] In 
the direction of the sun's apparent motion ; in 
the direction of the movement of the hands of 
a watch. 
sun-worship (sun'wer"ship), n. The worship 
or adoration of the sun as the symbol of the 
deity, as the most glorious object in nature, or 
as the source of light and heat ; heliolatry. 
See fire-worship. 
Sun-worship is by no means universal among the lower 
races of mankind, but manifests itself in the upper levels 
of savage religion in districts far and wide over the earth, 
often assuming the prominence which it keeps and de- 
velopes in the faiths of the barbaric world. 
E. B. Tylor, Prim. Culture, II. 259. 
sun-worshiper (sun'wer"ship-er), n. A wor- 
shiper of the sun ; a fire-worshiper. 
super- 
sun-year (sun'yer), n. A solar year, 
sun-yellow (sun'yel"6), n. A coal-tar color: 
same as maize, 3. 
sup (sup), r. ; pret. and pp. supped, ppr. sup- 
ping. [Alsodial.so!y)(pron.soup),so^e; < ME. 
noupcn (pret. soop), < AS. supan (pret. sedp, pp. 
sopen) = MD. suypen, D. zuipen = MLG. supcn, 
LG. supen = OHG. sufan, MHG. siifen, G. saufeu 
= Icel. supa = Sw. supa, sup ; Tout. -\/ sup, sup, 
sip. Hence ult. sup, n., sip, sop, and, through 
F., soup 2 , supper: see supper.] I. trans. 1. To 
take into the mouth with the lips, as a liquid ; 
take or drink by a little at a time ; sip. 
Thare ete thay nougt but Flesche with outen Brede ; 
and thay solipe the Brothe there of. 
Mandeville, Travels, p. 129. 
Sup pheasant's eggs, 
And have our cockles boiled in silver shells. 
B. Jonson, Alchemist, iv. 1. 
There I'll sup 
Balm and nectar in my cup. 
Crashaw, Steps to the Temple, Ps. xxiii. 
2. To eat with a spoon. [Scotch.] 3f. To 
treat with supper ; give a supper to ; furnish 
supper for. 
Sup them well, and look unto them all. 
Shalt., T. of the S., Ind., i. 28. 
Having caught more fish than will sup myself and my 
friend, I will bestow this upon you. 
/. Walton, Complete Angler, p. 78. 
II. intrans. 1. To eat the evening meal; 
take supper; in the Bible, to take the principal 
meal of the day (a late dinner). 
When they had supped, they brought Tobias in. 
Tobit viii. 1. 
Where sups he to-night? Shak., T. and C., iii. 1. 89. 
The Sessions ended, I din'd, or rather supp'd (so late it 
was), with the Judges. Evelyn, Diary, July 18, 1679. 
2. To take in liquid with the lips; sip. 
Whenne your potage to yow shalle be brouhte, 
Take yow sponys, and soupe by no way. 
Babees Book (E. E. T. S.X p. 6. 
Nor, therefore, could we supp or swallow without it 
[the tongue]. N. Grew, Cosmologia Sacra, i. 5. 
3. To eat with a spoon. [Scotch.] 
sup (sup), n. [< sup, v. Cf. sop,n., and sip, .] 
A small mouthful, as of liquor or broth ; a lit- 
tle taken with the lips ; a sip. 
Shew 'em a crust of bread, 
They'll saint me presently ; and skip like apes 
For a sup of wine. Fletcher, Sea Voyage, iv. 2. 
SUpawn (su-pan'), n. [Also suppawn, sepawn, 
sepon (also, in a D. spelling, sepaen); of Amer. 
Ind. origin, prob. connected with pone, for- 
merly panne, Amer. Ind. oppoiie: see pone 1 .'] 
A dish consisting of Indian meal boiled in 
water, usually eaten with milk: often called 
mush. [U. S.] 
Ev'n in thy native regions, how I blush 
To hear the Pennsylvanians call thee Mush ! 
On Hudson's banks while men of Belgic spawn 
Insult and eat thee by the name Suppawn. 
J. Barlow, Hasty Pudding, i. 
They ate their supaen and rolliches of an evening, 
smoked their pipes in the chimney-nook, and upon the 
Lord's Day waddled their wonted way to the G eref ormeerd e 
Kerche. E. L. Bynner, Begum's Daughter, i. 
supe (sup), n. [An abbr. of super, 1, for super- 
numerary.] 1. A supernumerary in a theater; 
a super. [Cplloq.] 2. A toady; especially, 
one who toadies the professors. [College slang, 
U.S.] 
supe (sup), v. i.; pret. and pp suped, ppr. sup- 
ing. [< supe, n.] To act the supe, in either 
sense. 
supellectile (su-pe-lek'til), a. and n. [< L. su- 
pellex (supellectil-) , household utensils.] I. a. 
Pertaining to household furniture ; hence, or- 
namental. [Rare.] 
The heart of the Jews is empty of faith, . . . and gar- 
nished with a few broken traditions and ceremonies : SH- 
pellectile complements instead of substantial graces. 
Rev. T. Adams, Works, II. 37. 
II. n. An article of household furniture; 
hence, an ornament. [Rare.] 
The heart, then, being so accepted a vessel, keep it at 
home ; having but one so precious supettectile or move- 
able, part not with it upon any terms. 
Ren. T. Adams, Works, I. 2S9. 
super-. [F. super-, sur- = Sp. Pg. super-, sobre- 
= It. super-, sopra-, < L. super-, prefix, < super, 
prep., over, above, beyond, = Gr. imp, over, 
above : see hyper-. In ML. and Rom. super- is 
more confused with the related supra-. In 
words of OP. origin it appears in E. as siti'-. as 
in surprise, surrender, xiirround, etc.] A prefix 
of Latin origin, meaning 'over, above, beyond': 
equivalent to hyper- of Greek origin, or urcr- 
pf English origin. In use it has either (a) the mean- 
ing 'over' or 'above' in place or position, as in superstruc- 
