supraciliary 
6077 
over or upon the esophagus, as a nervous gang- 
lion or commissure in an invertebrate. Also 
rarely 
supraciliary fsu-pr|i-siri-ii-ri), n. Same a,s xn- supra-esophageal (su-prii-e-so-faj'e-iil), a. 
l/d-i-i/i/in/. '.'<. Situated above (dorsad o?) the gullet; lying 
supraclavicle (su-prii-klav'i-kl), . In irlttli., a 
superior bony element of the scapular are! i of 
many lishes, \vhii-h, like the elements culled hi- 
li ri-lnrii'l/- and i>i>xlrlii>'ii'li', is variously homolo- 
l by different writers; the posterotemporal. suprafoliaceous (su-prii-fo-li-a'shiuH), . [< 
I,, xiipra. above, + Jnli'iim, a leaf, + -aceowi.~\ 
In hot., inserted upon the stem above the axil 
of a leaf, as a peduncle or flower. 
suprafoliar (su-prft-fo'li-Sr), a. [< L. /D-. 
above, + folium, a leaf, + -nr.] In but., grow- 
ing upon a leaf. [Rare.] 
supraglottic (nu-prii-glot 'ik), n. Situated 
above the true glottis, or relating to what is 
thus situated, referring to any part of the 
larynx above the true vocal cords. Snpraglot- 
tic aphonia, aphonia due to some affection of the parts 
above the glottis. 
suprahyoid (su-prii-hi'oid), a. In miii'.. situ- 
ated above the nyoid bone: specifically applied 
to the submental or hyornental group of mus- 
cles: opposed to infrahyoid. Suprahyoid apo- 
neurosls, a fold of cervical fascia extending between the 
bellies of the digastric muscle, and forming a loop which 
binds the tndon of that muscle down to the hyoid bone. 
Suprahyoid glands, one or two lymphatic glands in 
the neck lietween the anterior bellies of the digaitric 
muscles, receiving lymphatics from the lower lip. Sn- 
prahyoid region, that part of the front of the neck which 
lies abort the hyold bone. Alto called submaxiUary, nib- 
mental, and hyoinfntal region. 
supra-iliac (su-prtt-il'i-ak), a. Situated upon 
the upper (proximal or sacral) end of the ilium ; 
of the character of, or pertaining to, a supra- 
ilium. 
supra-ilium (su-prH-iri-um), n. [NL.] A prox- 
imal (anterior or superior) epiphysis of the 
sacral end of the ilium of some animals. 
supra-intestinal (su'prfi-in-tes'ti-nal), a. 1. 
Situated above the intestine : specifically not- 
ing, in certain annelids, as the earthworm, 
that one of the longitudinal trunks of thepseu- 
dohemal system which lies along the dorsal as- 
pect of the alimentary canal. 2. In Mollusca, 
situated above (dorsad of) the alimentary ca- 
nal: as, a supra-intestinal ganglion. Gegenoaur, 
Comp. Anat. (trans.), p. 348. 
supralabial (su-prft-la'bi-al), a. Of or pertain- 
ing to the upper lip; situated on or over the 
upper lip Supralabial elevator, the supralablalls. 
supralabialis (su-pra-la-bi-a'lis),.; pi. supra- 
labiales (-lez). The proper levator muscle of 
the upper lip, usually called the levator labii 
superiorin. See levator. Coues, 1887. 
supralapsarian (su'pra-lap-sa'ri-an), a. and n. 
[' supralapsary + -an.] I. a. Of or pertaining 
to MI pra la psa nanism. 
Supralapnarian scheme. C. Mather, Mag. Chris., 111. 1. 
The giipralapsanan schem*. which differs from the for- 
mer [Infralapsarlan] in the order of the decrees, and, with 
a severer but terrible logic, includes the fall as a necessary 
negative condition for the manifestation of God's redeem- 
ing mercy on the elect, and his punitive Justice on the 
reprobate, was held as a private opinion by some eminent 
Calvinista, . . . but it is not taught In any Confession. 
P. Schaff, Christ and Christianity, p. 161. 
II. . One who believes in supralapsarian- 
ism. 
supralapsarianism (su'pra-lap-sa'ri-an-izm), 
. [< stipralapxarian + -wro.] The theological 
doctrine that God selected from men to be cre- 
ated certain ones to be redeemed and receive 
eternal life, and certain others to be appointed 
to eternal death, and that thus, in the order of 
thought, election and reprobation preceded 
creation: so called because it supposes that 
men before the fall are the objects of election 
to eternal life and foreordination to eternal 
death. 
supralapsaryt (su-prft-lap'sa-ri), . and a. [< 
L. supra, before, + (apsus, fall (see lapse), + 
-ary.\ Supralapsarian. Imp. Diet. 
supralateral (su-prft-lat'e-ral), a. In entom., 
placed on the upper part of the side ; superior 
on the lateral surface: as, a supralateral line: 
used principally in describing larva?. 
supraloral (su-pra-16'ral), a. and n. I. a. Lying 
over the lores of "a birof : as, a supraloral color- 
mark. 
II. n. A supraloral mark or formation. 
supralunar (su-pra-lu'nttr), a. [< L. supra, 
above, + luna, the moon: see lunar.] Being 
beyond the moon; hence, very lofty; of very 
great height. Imp. Diet. 
Supramammary (su-prS-mam'a-ri), a. Lying 
above the mamma> Supramammary abscess, an 
abscess in the subcutaneous tissue above the breast. 
Supramammary region. Same as infradancular re 
ffion (which see, under infraflancular). 
Ill bony r'iht', when- tin- clavirlcs hi'rmne enormous, 
and may not only be provided with dlstim-t inter Ha\i- 
<-li% but also each with a distinct portion above the *w- 
vra-clavide as in the'Uory, . . . Sturgeon, and others, and 
besides this with a posterior element, n iioat clavicle, as In 
the Dory, Perch, and Cod. J/imrr, Elem. Anat., p. Ki.'. 
supraclavicular (su' / prji-kla-vik'u-lar), a. 1. 
Iii tiinil., sit uated over, above, or upon the clav- 
icle. 2. In irlitli., of or pertaining to the su- 
praclavicle. - Supraclavicular fossa, the depression 
above the clavicle corresponding to the interval between 
the sternoclidomaHtold und trapezius muscles. Supra- 
Clavicular nerves, superficial descending branches of 
the cervical plexus, three or four in number, supplying the; 
skin of the upper part of the breast and over the shoulder. 
The main branches are specified as iternal, clavicular, 
and acromial. Also respectively mpranternat, supracla- 
mndar, and supra-acrmuiul nemet. Supraclavicular 
point, a point above the clavicle where electric stimula- 
tion will cause the deltoid, biceps, brachialis anticus, and 
supinator longus to contract. Supraclavicular region, 
the triangular region on the front of the base of the neck, 
tumnclc-il brlo\v 1>> the upper border of the clavicle, within 
by the outer border of the sternoclidomastold, and with- 
out by a line drawn from the inner end of the outer fourth 
of the clavicle to that point on the outer border of the 
sternoclidomastold which is opposite the first ring of the 
trachea. 
Supraclypeal (su-prjl-klip'e-al), a. In entom., 
situated above the ciypeus ; noting the supra- 
olypeus Supraclypeal piece, the supraclypeu*. 
supraclypeus (su-pra-klip'e-us), . ; pi. supra- 
<-lii/i<'i (-5). [NL.] In entom., a subdivision of 
the ciypeus of some insects, especially obser- 
vable in Hymenoptera. See ciypeus. Sometimes 
called postnasus. 
supracondylar (su-prii-kon'di-liir), n. Situated 
above the condyles, as of the femur, humerus, 
occipital bone, or 
lower jaw-bone. 
Supracondylar emi- 
nence or protuber- 
ance, either the ecto- 
condyle or the entocon- 
dyle of the humerus. 
See epicondyle (with 
cut). Supracondy- 
lar foramen, (a) The 
}K>sterlor condyloid 
oramen of the occipital 
bone. It Is small and 
Inconstant in man, in 
whom it transmits a 
vein to the lateral sinus, 
but is a large vacuity of 
the occipital bone of 
some animals. (6) A 
well'inarked and con- 
stant foramen in the in- 
ner condyloid ridge of 
the humerus of many 
mammals, through 
which pass the brachial 
artery and median 
nerve. It is occasionally found as an anomaly in man, or 
indicated by the supracondylar process (which see, under 
process). Also supracondyloid and mtpratrocldear fora- 
men. Supracondylar lines of the femur. Sec line*. 
Supracondylar process. See jrrocesx, and cut under 
epiamdylf. Supracondylar ridges, ridges on the shaft 
of the humerus which extend upward to a varying dis- 
tance above the external and internal condyles. 
supracondyloid (su-pra-kon'di-loid), a. and H. 
I. a. Same as supracondylar. 
II. . The supracondylar process or foramen, 
supracoralline (su-pra-kor'a-lin), a. Situated 
above coral Supracoralline beds, a series of grit* 
and shales lying above the cornl rag, and forming the up- 
permost division of the Coralline Oolite, a varied group 
lying between the Oxford and Kimmeridge clays as de- 
veloped in various parts of England, 
supracostal (su-prii-kos'tal), a. Lying upon 
or above (cephalad of) the ribs: as, the supra- 
coxtal muscles. 
supracretaceous (su'pra-kre-ta'shius), a. In 
qeol., overlying the Cretaceous series, or more 
recent than that : noting rocks, including those 
of the Tertiary, Post-tertiary, and recent for- 
mations or groups. Also sunercretaceous. 
supradecompound (su'pra-de-kom-pound'), a. 
ifore than decompound ; thrice or indefinitely 
compound: applied in botany to leaves and 
fronds. 
supradorsal (su-pra-ddr'sal), a. Situated on 
the back (of any organism} ; placed dorsally or 
dorsad; dorsal. Nature, XL. 172. 
SUpra-entityt (su-prii-eu'ti-ti), n. [< L. supra, 
above, + ML. etita(t-)s, entity: see entity.] 
A. superessential being. 
Ood is not onely said to be 
An ens, but supraentitir. 
Herrick, Upon Ood. 
supranasal 
supramarginal (stt-pr-mAr'ji-nal), </. Border- 
ing tlie Sylviiin fissure on (lie upper M'le : not- 
ing a convolution of the lu-iiin. Also *ii/irrn- 
wnri/iiiiil. Supramarginal convolution or gyrus, 
one of the parietal gyri. See mrut (with cut). 
supramaxilla (*4'j>rft-inJMdl'|), . : pi. .s-n;r- 
iiinj -illte (-"). [NL. V The Hiipraiimxillary. 
supramaxillary (su prS-mak'ni-lij-ri), a. and H. 
I. n. Of or pertaining' to the upper jaw, in 
part or as a whole; related to or <-onnected 
with the superior maxillary bone Supramax- 
illary nerve, (a) The second or superior maxillary di- 
vision of the fifth or trifacial nerve - a nerve of common 
sensation, chiefly distributed to the hones, teeth, and soft 
part* of the upper Jaw. It leaves the cranial cavity by 
the foramen rotundum of the sphenoid. (&) One of sev- 
eral small motor branches of the facial nerve, distributed 
to muscles of the superior maxillary region. 
II. a. ; pi. M'/""'""".'''"'"'<''*(-n/. >. The supe- 
rior maxillary, or upper jaw-bone, forming a 
part, in man nearly the whole, of the bony frame- 
work of the upper jaw, and representing more 
or less of the expanse of the cheek : correlated 
with inframajcillary. The part which the supramax- 
lllary take* In the formation of the upper Jaw mostly de- 
pends upon the relative site of the premaxjllary (inter- 
maxillary) bone. In man the latter Is very small, occu- 
pying only a little space at the anteriur-inferior corner of 
the supramaxillary, and Is observable only In Infancy, as 
It speedily ankyloses with the suprnmaxlllary. The su- 
pramaxillary Is In Inverse ratio extensive, and also expan- 
sive or Inflated, being entirely hollowed out by the maxil- 
lary sinus, or antrum of Hlghmore. It present* to the 
cheek an external or facial surface, with several elevation* 
Lower end, front view, of Left Humerus 
of Cat, somewhat enlarged. 
srf, supracondylar (or epitrochlear) 
foramen ; en, entocondyle (or epitroch- 
lea) ; tc, ectocondyle (or epicondyle) ; 
tr. trochlea for ulna ; . A capitellum for 
radius. 
Left Supramaxillary of Man, outer surface, about two thirds natural 
size. 
m, three molars; ftn, two premolars : c, canine; t, two incisors, 
rooted in alveolar border ; an, anterior nasal spine ; nn, nasal notch ; 
M/, nasal process; os, orbital surface ; ms, rough surface for articu- 
lation with malar bone ; MS, zygomatic surface ; /rf, two posterior den- 
tal canals ; so, suborhital foramen ; t/, inch>ivc fosia ; ff, canine fossa. 
The small upper figure shows the palatal surface of the bone of the 
fetus mx, the true suj>ram axillary, beintj still separated by a suture, 
j, from the preinaxill-iry, fmx t which will bear two incisors. 
and depressions marking the attachment* of miiBcles, and 
just below the eye the large Infra-orbital foramen. The 
posterior or zygomatic surface shows the openings of the 
posterior dental canals, and a rough surface for articula- 
tion with the palate bone. The superior or orbital surface 
forms most of the floor of the orbit of the eye. The Inter- 
nal or nasal surface forms much of the outer wall of the 
nasal meatus, anil shows the opening of the antrum. Be- 
sides these surfaces, the bone has several well-marked 
processes, as the nasal, running up to the frontal bone, 
the malar, articulating with the bone of that name, the 
alveolar, bearing teeth, and the palatal, roofing part of 
the mouth. The two supramaxillary bones when together 
show in front a somewhat heart-shaped opening, the an- 
terior nares, at the middle of the base of which is the 
prominent nasal spine, a landmark in craniometry. Each 
articulates with nine bones (sometimes tenX and to each 
twelve muscles are attached. (See cuts under dntU, orbit, 
and pa/ate.) In other mammals the supra maxillary has 
various shapes, and is comparatively smaller ; it may al- 
ways be recognized as the bone which bears the upper 
molar, premolar, and canine teeth all the upper teeth 
excepting the incisors. In birds the supramaxillary la 
very greatly reduced, and often not distinctly defined: 
the palatal part of it is represented by a well -developed 
maxlllopalatine ; but nearly the whole of the upper beak 
of a bird, beyond the feathers, has for it bony basis the 
highly developed prem axillary. In the lower vertebrates 
the superior maxillary in presented under the most diverse 
conditions of size and shape, and is generally identified 
with the second bone from the front of those constituting 
the upper maxillary arch. 
supramundane (su-prfi-mun'dan), a. [< L. *w- 
pra, above, 4- rnvndns, the world: see wiwti- 
<t<ntr,~\ In neoplatonic philott., belonging to the 
ideal and above the sensible world ; belonging 
to the spiritual world ; supernatural : opposed 
to immundane. 
We dream of a realm of authoritative Duty, In which 
the earth is but a province of a ntpramundane moral em- 
pire. J. Martintau, Materialism, p. 92. 
supranasal (su-pra-na'zal), a. Situated above 
the nose, or over the nasal bones Supranasal 
point. Same as opkrynn. 
