supranatural 
supranatural (su-prji-nat'u-ral), a. Supernat- 
ural. /Science. IX. 1*4. 
supranaturalism (su-pra-nat'u-ral-izm), n. [< 
supranatural + -ism.'] Same as supernatural- 
ism. 
supranaturalist (su-pra-nat'u-ral-ist), a. and n. 
Same as supernaturalist. Scha'ff, Encyc. Bel. 
Knowl., III. 1998; G. Eliot, tr. of Strauss's Life 
of Jesus, Int., 11. 
supranaturalistic (su-pra-nat"u-ra-lis'tik), a. 
[<. supranaturalist + -z'c.J Super'naturalistie. 
-Encyc. Diet. 
supraneural (su-pra-nu'ral), a. Situated over 
the neural taxis or canal ; neural or dorsal with 
reference to such axis. Geol. Mag., XLIV. 82. 
supra-obliquus (su"pra-ob-li'kwus), n. ; pi. *- 
pra-obliqui (-kwi) . The upper oblique or troch- 
lear muscle of the eyeball, usually called the 
obliquus superior. Cones, 1887. 
SUpra-OCCipital (su"pra-ok-sip'i-tal), a. and n. 
Same as sttperoceipitat. Amer. Nat., XXIII. 
861. 
supra-cesophageal, a. See supra-esopliageul. 
Huxley, Anat. Invert., p. 191. 
supra-orbital (su-pra-6r'bi-tal), a. and n. I. a. 
Situated over or upon the orbit of the eye ; roof- 
ing over the eye-socket; superciliary Supra- 
orbital arch, the superciliary arch. Supra-orbital ar- 
tery, a branch of the ophthalmic artery which passes out 
of the orbit by the ophthalmic notch to supply the fore- 
head. Supra-orbital bone, a bone entering into the for- 
mation of the supra-orbital or superciliary arch. No such 
bone is found in man, and probably not in any mammal ; but 
they frequently occur in the lower vertebrates, sometimes 
forming a chain of bones along the upper edge of the orbit. 
See cut under Lepidosiren. Supra-orbital canal, the 
supra-orbital foramen extended into a canal. Supra- 
orbital foramen, a foramen formed in some cases by the 
bridging over of the supra-orbital notch. It is situated 
at about the Junction of the inner and middle thirds of the 
superior border of the orbit. It exists in few animals be- 
sides man, and is inconstant in him. Supra-orbital 
gyrus. See cut under gurus. Supra-orbital nerve, 
the terminal branch of the frontal nerve, leaving the or- 
bit by the supra-orbital notch or foramen, and distrib- 
uted to the skin of the forehead and fore and upper parts 
of the scalp, furnishing sensory filaments to the muscles 
of this region. Supra-orbital neuralgia, neuralgia of 
the supra-orbital branch of the frontal nerve, other 
branches of the first division of the trigeminus being 
more or less involved. Supra-orbital notcn See 
notch. Supra-orbital point, a tender point just above 
the supra-orbital notch or foramen, appealing in supra- 
orbital neuralgia. Supra-orbital vein, a vein com- 
mencing on the forehead, and joining the frontal vein at 
the inner angle of the orbit to form the angular vein. 
II. . A supra-orbital artery or nerve. 
supra-orbitar, supra-orbitary (su-pra-6r'bi- 
tar, -ta-ri), a. Same as supra-orbital. 
suprapatellar (su-prii-pat'e-lar), a. Situated 
above the patella. 
suprapedal (su-pra-ped'al), a. [< L. supra, 
above, + pes ( pea-) = E.foot : see pedal.'] Sit- 
uated above the foot or podium of a mollusk : 
6078 
suprarenal (su-pra-re'nal), a. and n. I. a. Sit- 
uated upon or over the kidneys ; specifically, ad- 
renal Accessory suprarenal bodies, small bodies 
sometimes found in the ligaments lata, corresponding in 
structure usually to the cortical substance of an adrenal. 
Suprarenal artery, a branch of the abdominal aorta, 
supplying the suprarenal capsules. Suprarenal cap- 
sule or body. See capsule. Suprarenal ganglion, 
gland, plexus. See the nouns. Suprarenal melas- 
ma. Same as Addison'g disease (which see, under disease). 
- Suprarenal veins, veins draining the adrenals, and 
emptying on the right side into the vena cava, and on the 
left into the left renal or phrenic vein. 
II. n. A suprarenal capsule ; an adrenal. 
Also surrenal. 
supraryglottideus (su-pra-ri-glo-tid'e-us), n. ; 
pi. supraryglottidei (-1). [NL.] The' superior 
aryteno-epiglottidean muscle of the larynx. 
Coves, 1887. 
suprascapula (su-pra-skap'u-la), .; pi. supra- 
scapulee (-le). [NL.',' < L. supra, over, + scap- 
ula, the shoulder.] 1. A bone developed in 
ordinary fishes in the shoulder-girdle, and im- 
mediately connected with the cranium. Also 
called post-temporal See cut 1 under teteost. 
2. A superior scapular element of some ba- 
trachians and reptiles. See cuts under onio- 
sternum and sternum. 
suprascapular (su-pra-skap'u-lar), a. Situated 
above or on the upper part of tne scapula; ly- 
ing or running on the side of the scapula near- 
est the head; prescapular; proximal or supe- 
rior with reference to the scapular arch; of 
or pertaining to the suprascapula. Also *- 
perscapular Suprascapular artery, one of three 
branches of the thyroid axis, running outward across the 
root of the neck, between the scalenus anticus and the 
sternoclidomastoid, beneath the posterior belly of the 
omohyoid, to the upper border ofthe scapula, where it 
passes by the suprascapular notch to the supraspinous 
fossa, and ramifies on the dorsum of the shoulder-blade. 
Suprascapular nerve, a branch from the cord formed 
by the fifth and sixth cervicals of the brachial plexus, dis- 
tributed to the shoulder-joint and the supraspinatus and 
infraspinatus muscles. Also called scapularis. Supra- 
scapular notch. See notch, and cut under shmSder- 
Mode. Suprascapular region. See region. Supra- 
scapular vein, a certain tributary of the external jugu- 
lar vein, entering it near its termination. 
suprasensible (su-pra-sen'si-bl), a. Above or 
beyond the reach of the senses; supersensuous. 
Also used substantively. 
By no possible exaltation of an organ of sense could the 
supra-seiwible be reached. 
G. H. Lewes, Probs. of Life and Mind, II. 195. 
specifically noting a gland or a ganglion. 
suprapharyngeal (su"pra-f a-rin'je-al), a. Same 
as supra-esopliageal. 
There is but one buccal ganglion in the Dibranchiata, 
and behind it there is a large supra-pharyngeal ganglion. 
Gegenbaur, Comp. Anat. (trans.), p. 361. 
supraplex (su'prii-pleks), n. One of the plex- 
uses of the brain of some animals, as dipnoans. 
B. G. Wilder. [Recent.] 
supraplexal (su-prii-plek'sal), a. Pertaining to 
the supraplex. 
supraposition (su"pra-po-zish'on), n. [< ML. 
suprapositio(n-), used 'in the sense of 'an extra- 
ordinary tax,' lit. a placing above, < L. supra, 
above. + positio(n-), a placing : see position.'] 
The placing of one thing over another. 
supraprotest (su-pra-pro'test), n. In late, some- 
thing over (that is, after) protest; an accep- 
tance or a payment of a bill by a third person, 
made for the honor of the drawer, after pro- 
test for non-acceptance or non-payment by the 
drawee. 
suprapubian (su-prii-pu'bi-an), a. Same as su- 
prapubic. 
suprapubic (su-pra-pu'bik), a. Situated above 
the pubis ; prepubic. 
suprapubicallyt su-prii-pu'bi-kal-i), adv. Above 
the pubis. Lancet, No. 3515, p'.'87. 
suprapygal (su-pra-pl'gal), a. [< L. supra, over, 
+ pyga, the rump: see pygal.] Situated over 
the rump: specifically noting certain plates of 
the carapace of some turtles. 
h r . e ,A. moreover ' a ful1 series ' neural bones, of 
which the 8th articulates with the 1st suprapygal. 
Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., XLV. 515. 
suprarectus (su-pra-rek'tus), H. ; pi. suprarecti 
(-ti). The upper straight muscle of the eye- 
ball; the rectus superior, which rolls the eye 
upward. See cut under eyeball. Cones, 1887 
supraseptal (su-pra-sep'tal), a. Situated above 
a septum : noting an upper cavity divided by a 
septum from a lower one. Micros. Sci., XXX. 
137. 
supraserratus (su"pra-se-ra'tus), .; pi. supra- 
serrati (-ti). [NL.] " The posterior superior 
serrate muscle of the back, usually called ser- 
ratus posticus superior. Coues and Sktite, 1887. 
supraspinal (su-pra-spi'nal), a. Situated above 
(dorsad of) the spine or spinal column; dorsal; 
neural; epaxial. 
supraspinalis (su"pra-spl-na'lis), n.; pl.supra- 
spinales (-lez). [NL": see supraspinal.] One 
of a series of small muscles which pass between 
and lie upon the spinous processes of the cer- 
vical vertebras. 
supraspinate (su-prii-spi'nat), a. Same as su- 
praspinous, 2. 
supraspinatus (su' / pra-spi-na'tus), w.; pi. su- 
praspinati (-ti). [NL.'] A muscle arising from 
the supraspinous fossa of the scapula, and in- 
serted into the uppermost facet of the greater 
tuberosity of the humerus. It acts with the infra- 
spinatus and teres minor in rotating the humerus, all 
three being antagonized by the subscapularis 
supraspinous (su-pra-spl'nus), a. 1. Situated 
upon or over the spinous process of a vertebra. 
2. Superior with reference to the spine of 
the scapula; preseapular Supraspinous apo- 
neurosis, the supraspinous fascia. Supraspinous ar- 
tery a branch of the transverse cervical artery which 
ramifies on the surface of the supraspinatus muscle. 
Supraspinous fascia, fossa, etc. See the nouns, and 
cut under shoulder-blade. Supraspinous ligament 
bundles of longitudinal fibers which connect the tins of 
the spinous processes from the seventh cervical vertebra 
to the sacrum, forming a continuous cord. The extension 
of this ligament to the head in some animals is specialized 
as the hgamentum nucha. See cut under Hgamentum. 
suprastapedial (su"pra-sta-pe'di-al), a. Situ- 
ated above the stapes": noting a" part of the 
stapes or columella of many vertebrates which 
lies above the mediostapedial part, or that rep- 
resentative of the same part which is the prox- 
imal extremity of the hyoidean arch. This is 
variously homologized in different cases. See 
cuts under stapes and hyoid. 
suprasternal (su-pra-ster'nal), a. Situated 
above or in front of (cephalad'of ) the sternum ; 
presternal.-suprasternal artery, a branch of the 
supremacy 
supraclavicular artery which crosses the inner end of the 
clavicle, and is distributed to the integument of the chest. 
Suprasternal nerve. See svpradavicular nercei, un- 
der supraclavicular. Suprasternal notch. See notch. 
Suprasternal region, the region on the front of the 
neck between the two supraclavicular regions. 
suprastigmatal (su-pra-stig'ma-tal), a. In en- 
torn., placed above the stigmata or breathing- 
pores: as, a, suprastigmatal line. 
supratemporal (su-pra-tem'po-ral), a. and n. 
I. a. Placed high up in the temporal region or 
fossa; superior, as one ofthe collection of bones 
called temporal. Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., XLIV. 
II. . A wrong name of the true squamosal 
bone of some animals, as ichthyosaurs. Oicen. 
supraterrestrial (su"pra-te-res'tri-al), a. Same 
as superterrestrial. Andover Rev., VII. 42. 
SUprathoracic (su"pra-tho-ras'ik), a. 1. Situ- 
ated above (cephalad' of) the thorax. 2. Sit- 
uated in the upper part of the thorax, as an 
upper set of intercostal nerves. Compare in- 
frathoracic. 
SUpratrochlear (su-pra-trok'le-ar), a. 1. Situ- 
ated over the inner angle of 'tne orbit of the 
eye, where the tendon of the superior oblique 
muscle passes through its pulley or trochlea : 
as, the supratroclilear nerve. 2. Situated on 
the inner condyle of the humerus, above the 
trochlear surface with which the ulna articu- 
lates; epitrochlear; supracondylar : as, thes- 
pratrochlear notch. See cut under supracondy- 
lar Supratrochlear nerve, a small branch of the fron- 
tal nerve from the ophthalmic branch of the fifth nerve, 
distributed to the corrugator supercilii and occipitofron- 
talis muscles and the integument of the forehead. 
SUpratympanic (su"pra-tim-pan'ik), a. In 
anat. : (a) Situated over'brabove the tvmpanum, 
or tympanic cavity, of the ear. (6) Superior in 
respect of the tympanic bone. W. H. Flower, 
Osteology, p. 208. [The two senses coincide or 
not in different cases. ]-Supratympanic bulla 
an inflated and hollowed formation of bone above the 
tympanic cavity of some mammals, apparently in the 
periotic or tympanoperiotic bone, and supplementary to 
the usual tympanic bulla. It attains great size in some 
rodents, as jerboas, chinchillas, and especially the kanga- 
roo-rats of the genus Dipodmmyt, forming a large smooth 
rounded protuberance on the posterolateral aspect of the 
skull, between the squamosal, parietal, and occipital bones. 
The large supratympanic or mastoid bulla [of Pedetes 
ca/er]. W. H. Flower, Osteology, p. 167. 
supravaginal (su-pra-vaj'i-nal), a. f < L. supra, 
above, + vagina, vagina: see vaginal.] I. Su- 
perior in respect of a sheath or sheathing mem- 
brane, (a) Lying on the outside of such a formation, 
(o) Forming an upper one of parts which unite in a sheath. 
2. Situated above the vagina. 
SUpravisiont (su-prS-vizh'on), n. [As if < ML. 
'supravisio(n-), < supravidere, oversee, < supra, 
over, + videre, see : see vision. Cf . supervision.] 
Supervision. 
That he secure the religion of his whole family by a se- 
vere supravieion and animadversion. 
Jar. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835), I. 780. 
supravisor (su-pra-vi'zor), n. [< ML. *supra- 
visor, < supravidere, oversee: see suprarision. 
Cf. supervisor.] A supervisor; an overseer. 
Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835), I. 890. 
supremacy (su-prem'a-si), n. [< OF. suprema- 
tie, F. suprematie = Sp. supremacia = It. supre- 
mazia ; as supreme + -acy.] The state of be- 
ing supreme, or in the highest station of power ; 
also, highest authority or power. 
Or seek for rule, supremacy, and sway, 
When they [womenj are bound to serve, love, and obey. 
Shak., T. of the S., v. 2. 163. 
Monarchy is made up of two parts, the Liberty of the 
subject and the supreinacie of the King. 
Hilton, Reformation in Eng. , ii. 
Act of Supremacy, (a) An English statute of 1534 (26 
Hen. VIII., c. 1) which proclaimed that Henry VIII. was 
the supreme head of the English Church. See regal su- 
premacy, below. (6) An English statute of 1568- 9 (1 Eliz., 
c. 1) vesting spiritual authority in the crown, to the ex- 
clusion of all foreign jurisdiction. Oath of suprema- 
cy, in Great Britain, an oath denying the supremacy of 
the Pope in ecclesiastical or temporal affairs in that 
realm. It was by many statutes required to be taken 
along with the oath of allegiance and of abjuration, by 
persons in order to qualify themselves for office, etc. ; 
but a greatly modified and simpler form of oath has now 
superseded them. Papal supremacy, according to the 
Roman Catholic Church, the supreme authority of the 
Pope as the vicar on earth of the Lord Jesus Christ over 
the universal church. Regal or royal supremacy, in 
an established church, the authority and jurisdiction ex- 
ercised by the crown as its supreme earthly head. This 
authority is not legislative, but judicial and executive 
only. Henry VIII. was first acknowledged supreme head 
of the English Church by convocation In 1531, but only 
with the qualification "so far as may be consistent with 
the law of Christ " ; and this supremacy was confirmed by 
Parliament to him, his heirs and successors, kings of the 
realm, in 1534. The title of " supreme head " was altered 
by Elizabeth to "supreme governor." The meaning of 
this title is explained in the thirty-seventh of the Thirty- 
