6080 
Surcoati seem to have originated with the crusaders. 
sure 
surcharge 
3. In law: (a) An extra charge made by as- ( ^y,-^ purpose oidUthrguishing the nmny differ: vibration of the strings (of 
sessors upon such as neglect to make a due ic e ,,t nations serving under the banner of the cross. small pieces of buft leather, 
turn of the taxes to which they are liable, (b) 
The showing of an omission in an account or _,_ , ^.^ 
something in respect of which the accounting iar form, a jacket reaching only to the hips, and often sur( j e ij ne ( s er'de-len), n. Same 
.oTtv rno-lif t.r IIJI.VA n.hfl.re'fid himself more than trimmed with fur, which formed an impoitan par o cos- / O A 'An c,~i';ri\ f f 
A surding or muting effect produced by impeding the 
vibration of the strings [of a pianoforte] by contact of 
small pieces of buff leather. Encyc. Brit., XIX. 70. 
' S. R. Meyrick, Antient Armour, 1. 100. sur dalt (ser'dal), a. [< surd + -?.] Surd. Imp. 
A garment formerly worn by women in its most famil- })t(\t. 
he has. 4. In ceram., a painting in a lighter 
enamel over a darker one which forms the 
ground: as, a white flower in surcharge on a 
buff ground. 5. An overcharge beyond what is 
just and right Surcharge and falsification. In 
taking accounts in equity, a surcharge is applied to the 
balance of the whole account, and supposes credits to be 
omitted which ought to be allowed ; and a /riHWOMm 
applies to some item in the debits, and supposes that the 
item is wholly false or in some part erroneous. Sur- 
charge of common, forest, or pasture, the putting m 
by one who has a joint right in a common of more cattle 
than he has a right to put in. 
surcharged (ser-charjd'), P- a. Overloaded; 
overburdened; charged in excess, in any way. 
The wind had risen ; there was a surcharged sky. 
W. Black, House-boat, vii. 
I clothed hyr in grace and heuenly lyght, 
This blody surcote she hath on me sett. 
Political Poems, etc. (ed. Furnivall), p. 153. 
A duches dere-worthily dyghte in dyaperde wedis, 
surdesolid (ser-de-sol'id), a. Of four dimen- 
sions, or of the fourth degree. 
surdinyt, n. A corrupt form of sardine 1 . 
He that eats nothing but a red herring a-day shall ne'er 
be broiled for the devil's rasher : a pilcher, signior ; a sur- 
diny, an olive, that I may be a philosopher first, and im- 
In a surcott of sylke fulle selkouthely hewede. diny, an olive, that I may be a philosoph 
Morte Arthure (E. E. T. S.), 1. 3253. mortal after. Fletcher (ami another), Love's Cure, ii. 1. 
And Life's brightBrand in her [Health's] white hand doth Sur( ji ssoc i a tion(s(;'r-di-s6-shi-a'shon), w. [< sur- 
shin. . 
Th' Arabian birds rare plumage (platted fine) 
Serues her for Sur-coat. 
Sylvester, tr. of Du Bartas's Weeks, ii., The Magnificence. 
+ dissociation.] A term used by Brester to de- 
scribe the state supposed to exist in the case of 
certain variable stars when the combination of 
(c) In her., a representation of the garment laid flat and gaseous substances present does not take place, 
forming with the sleeves a tau-cross. In this shape it is although the temperature is low enough, be- 
e 
. 
sus^nsion e abo've'a a 'to 1 mb i8 indicate " it8 W e 
surcreaset (ser'kres), . [= OF. surcrez, KIII-- 
croist, F. surcroit, increase, excessive growth, < 
Surcharged mine (milit.). Same as overcharged mine sureroistre, F. surcrottre, increase excessively, 
' ' T ' 
(which see, under mineV). 
surchargement (ser-charj'ment), n. 
charge + -ment.] Surplus; excess. 
Hist. Eng., p. 27. [Rare.] 
Surcharger (ser-char'jer), M. [< OF. surcharger, 
inf. as noun: see surcharge.'] Surcharge of 
forest. See above, 
surcingle 
sursingle, 
"sursengle 
lum. 
r , . grow out, < L. super, over, + crcscere, grow: see 
L^ sur- crescent. Of. increase."] Abundant or excessive 
Darnel, growth or i nere ase. 
cause they are so diluted with other matter. 
The combining substances may be so diluted by other 
matter that the combination is impossible, just as a mix- 
ture of oxygen and hydrogen will not explode if admixed 
with more than ?i volumes of air (Bunsen). This condi- 
tion Dr. Brester describes as a state of surdissociation. 
Nature, XXXIX. 492. 
[< L. sunUta(t-)s, deaf- 
ness, {surdus, deaf, surd: se&surd."] Thequal- 
surdity (ser'di-tl), w. 
Then- surcrease grew so great as forced them at last ness, < surdus, deaf, su 
To seek another soil. Drayton, Polyolbion, i. 615. ity of being surd, in any sense ; deafness; non- 
[< OF. sitrcreu, pp. of sureroistre, vocality. Thomas. 
1. A girth for a horse; especially, a girth sepa- surc udantt, . See surquidant. 
rate from the saddle and passing around the surc ulatet (ser'ku-lat), v. t. [< L. sitrculatus, 
body of the horse, retaining in place a blanket, of ^rcwtare, clear of shoots, prune, bind to- 
gether with twigs, < surculvs, a shoot, a sprout : 
see surclc."] To prune ; trim. Cockeram. 
a sheet, or the like, by passing over it. 
The paytrellys, sursengly, and crowpers. 
ilorted'Arthur(ed. Southey), vii. 16. surcu l a tiont (ser-ku-la/shpn), n. [< surculate 
2. The girdle with which a garment, especially + -ion.'} The act of surculating or pruning, 
a cassock, is fastened. Compare cincture. when insltion and grafting, in the text, is applied unto 
the olive tree, it hath an emphatical sense, very agreeable 
unto that tree, which is best propagated this way, not at 
all by summation. Sir T. Browne, Misc. Tracts, i. 32. 
surculi, n. Plural of surculus. 
sur- surculigerous (ser-ku-lij'e-rus), a. [< L. sur- 
culits, a sucker, + ger'ere, bear, carry.] In lot., 
'"I. T*o gird or sur- producing, or assuming the appearance of, a 
sucker. 
With the gut-foundred goosdom wherewith they are SUTCUlOSe, SUTCUlOUS (ser'ku-16s, -lus), . [< 
now surcingled and debauched. NL. *surculosus, < L. surculus, a sucker: see 
N. Ward, Simple Cobler, p. 27. surcle.'] In bot., producing suckers. 
2. To secure by means of a surcingle, as a surculus (ser'ku-lus), n. ; pi. surculi(-]i). [NL., 
blanket or the saddle. < L. surculus, a twig, shoot, sprout, sucker: see 
Is't not a shame to see each homely groome . . . surcle.~] In tot., a sucker ; a shoot arising from 
Sursinyled to a galled hackney's hide ? an underground base : applied by Lmnseus espe- 
Bp. Hall, Satires, IV. vi. 22. c i a n y to the leafy upright stems of mosses. 
surclet (ser'kl), n. [< L. surculus, a twig, shoot, surcurrent (ser-kur'ent), a. [< sur- + current 1 .'] 
sprout, sucker.] A little shoot; a twig; a In bot., noting a leafy expansion running up 
He drew the buckle of his surcingle a thought tighter. 
Barham, Ingoldsby Legends, I. 78. 
3. Same as cauda striati (which see, under 
cauda). 
surcingle (ser'sing-gl), v. t. ; pret. and pp. 
cingled, ppr. surcingling. [Early mod. E. also 
sursingle; < surcingle, .] 
round with a surcingle, as a horse. 
sucker. 
Boughs and surcles of the same shape. 
the stem : the opposite of decurrent. 
surd (serd), a. and n. [= F. sourd = Pr. sord, 
sort = Pg. surdo = Sp. It. sordo, < L. surdus, 
Sir T. Browne, Vulg. Err., 11. 6. sort = &. surdo = p. It. sorao, <. Li. suraus, 
surcoat (ser'kot), n. [< ME. surcote, surcott, < deaf.] f. a. If. Not having the sense of hear- 
OF. surcote, surcot, an outer garment, < sur, 
over, + cote, garment, coat : see sur- and coat.] 
An outer garment. Specifically (a) The loose robe 
worn over the armor by heavily armed men fram^he thir- 
ing; deaf. 
A Kurd and earless generation of men, stupid unto all 
instruction. Sir T. Browne, Christ. Mor., iii. 6. 
2f. That cannot be discriminated by the ear (?). 
Surd modes of articulation. Kenrick. 
3. In math., not capable of being expressed in 
rational numbers : as, a surd expression, quan- 
tity, or number. See II., 1. 4. In phonetics, 
uttered with breath and not with voice ; devoid 
of vocality ; not sonant : toneless : specifically 
fident; undoubting; having no fear of being 
deceived or disappointed. 
"Madame," quod she, " I shall with goddes grace 
Bull trewly kepe your councell be you sure." 
Oenerydea (E. E. T. S.), L 270. 
Brother, be thow right sure that this is the same man 
that warned you of Aungys treson. 
Merlin (E. E. T. S.), i. 48. 
If I am studying a comic part, I want to feel the fun my- 
self then I feel sure of my audience. 
Lester WoMaek, Memories, iii. 
2. Certain of one's facts, position, or the like ; 
fully persuaded ; positive. 
Friar Laurence met them both ; . . . 
Him he knew well, and guess'd that it was she, 
But, being mask'd, he was not sure of it. 
Shak.,T. G. of V., T. 1. 40. 
Fear loses its purpose when we are sure it cannot pre- 
serve us. Steele, Spectator, No. 152. 
Be silent always when you doubt your sense ; 
And speak, though sure, with seeming diffidence. 
Pope, Essay on Criticism, 1. 567. 
Why, then, he shall have him for ten pounds, and I'm 
sure that 's not dear. Sheridan, School for Scandal, IT. 1. 
3. Certain to find or retain: with of: as, to be 
sure of success ; to be sure of life or health. 
Be not English gypsies, in whose company a man 's not 
sure of the ears of his head, they so pilfer ! no such an- 
gling. Middleton and Rowley, Spanish Gypsy, ii. 1. 
I never can requite thee but with love, 
And that thou shall be sure of. 
Beau, and Ft., King and No King, i. 1. 
4. Fit or worthy to be depended on ; capable 
of producing a desired effect or of fulfilling 
requisite conditions ; certain not to disappoint 
expectation; not liable to failure, loss, or 
change ; unfailing ; firm ; stable ; steady ; se- 
cure; infallible. 
Their armour or harness, which they wear, is sure and 
strong to receive strokes, and handsome for all movings 
and gestures of the body, insomuch that it is not unwieldy 
to swim in. Sir T. More, Utopia (tr. by Kobinson), it 10. 
Tho* K. John had entred upon Normandy, and made 
a, isth century ; *, late I3th century. (From Viollet-le-Duc's 
" Diet, du Mobilier francais.") 
teenth century until the abandonment of complete armor, 
but worn less generally after the complete suit of plate had 
been introduced. See also cut under parement. 
A long surcote of pers upon he hadde. 
Chaucer, Gen. Prol. to C. T., L 617. 
His surcoat o'er his arms was cloth of Thrace, 
Adorned with pearls, all orient, round, and great. 
Dryden, Pal. and Arc., iii. 67. 
To London to our office, and now had I on the vest and 
AU MPUWU w uui viuuV] ttiiu now nau A on uie vest, anu j/ij\ * ,-./ j -im j f 
surcoat or tunic, as 'twas call'd, after his Ma'y had brought SUTd (serd), v. t. [< surd, n.J lo render dim 
the whole Court to it. Evelyn, Diary, Oct. 30, 1666. or soft; mute. 
applied to the breathed or non-vocal couso- that Province sure unto him ; yet the Province of Anjou 
nants of the alphabet. See II., 2. 
In the present state of the question, I regard it as prob- 
able that the primitive sounds under discussion were so- 
nant rather than surd. J. Hadley, Essays, p. 183. 
5f. Meaningless; senseless. 
The very ceremonies and figures of the old law were full 
of reason and signification, much more than the cere- 
monies of idolatry and magic, that are full of non-signifi- 
cants and surd characters. 
Bacon, Advancement of Learning, ii. 
II. re. 1. In math., a quantity not expressible 
as the ratio of two whole numbers, as \/2, or 
the ratio of the circumference of a circle to the 
diameter. The name surd arises from a mistranslation 
into Latin of the Greek aAoyos, which does not mean 
'stupid' or 'unreasonable,' but 'inexpressible.' 
2. In phonetics, a consonantal sound uttered 
with breath and not with voice ; a non-sonant 
consonant ; a non-vocal alphabetic utterance, 
as p, f, s, t, k, as opposed to 6, r, g, d, g, which 
are sonants or vocals Heterogeneous surds. See 
heterogeneous. 
stood firm for Arthur. Baker, Chronicles, p. 68. 
The paths to trouble are many, 
And never but one sure way 
Leads out to the light beyond it. 
Whittier, The Changeling. 
"That's a sure card!" and "That's a stinger!" both 
sound like modern slang, but you will find the one in the 
old interlude of " Thersytes " (1637), and the other in Mid- 
dleton. Lowell, Biglow Papers, 2d ser., Int. 
Make thy sword sure inside thine hand, and smite. 
Swinburne, Pheedra. 
5. Certain to be or happen ; certain. 
Precedents of Servitude are sure to live where Prece- 
dents of Liberty are commonly stillborn. 
Baker, Chronicles, p. 34. 
Besides, 'tis all one whether she loves him now or not ; 
for as soon as she 's marry'd she'd be sure to hate him. 
Wycherley, Gentleman Dancing-Master, iv. 1. 
Wise counsels may accelerate or mistakes delay it, but 
sooner or later the victory is sure to come. 
Lincoln, quoted in the Century, XXXIV. 387. 
6f. Undoubted; genuine; true. 
Deffebus was doughty & derfe of his hond, 
The thrid son of the sute, & his sure brother 
Elenus, the eldist euyn after hym. 
Destruction of Troy (E. E. T. S.), 1. 3806. 
