surface-plane 
surface-plane (ser'fas-pliin), . A power-ma- 
chine fur dressing lumber, finished slnlV. etc. 
II eonxistrt (if u truvuliiiK lalitt: in :i fnunc to receive the 
ni:itrii;il :ltl<l fei il it under :l rotary cylindrical rllU.T \ 
form .if (lie m;iehine employing two ur more revolving 
entters is ealled :i 'Inn'. Alsoe;illi .1 mtrface- 
Itlant'f. 
surface-printing (ser' fas- prin tin'.;). . 1. 
I'rinling from :i raisrd surface, as frmii ordi- 
imry t\pes .-iiicl woodcuts: so called to distin- 
guish il from copper- or steel-plate printing, in 
which the impression is made from lines in- 
cised or sunk below the mirface. 2. In nttim- 
lirinlinii, the process of print ing from wooden 
rollers on which the design is cut in relief, or 
formed I iy inserting pieces of copperplate edge- 
wise. The color la used thick, and In laid on a tliilitly 
drawn surface of woolen cloth, from which the cylinder 
hikes it up as it revolves against the cloth sm!,i< 
SUrfacer (ser'fii-ser), ?i. [< xnrfiK-i + -</'.] A 
machine for planing and giving a surface to 
WOO'l. 
SUrface-rib (ser'fas-rib), 11. See ri'M. 
surface-road (ser'ffis-rod), . A railroad upon 
the surface of the ground, as distinguished from 
an elevate. I or an underground railroad. 
surface-roller (ser'fas-ro'lor), n. The en- 
ejraved cylinder used in calico-printing. /'.'. //. 
A llitftit. 
surface-tension (ser'fas-ten'shpn), n. The ten- 
sion of I he surface-film of a liquid due to cohe- 
sion. This serves to explain many of the phe- 
nomena of capillarity. 
surface-towing (s6r fas-to'ing), n. The col- 
lecting of objects of natural history from the 
surface of the sea: distinguished from ilmli/- 
inij. Si-ii'iiri; V. l!i:!. [Bare.] 
surface-velocity (ser'fas-ve-los''i-ti), >i. Velo- 
city at the surface. 
surface-water (ser'fas-wa'ter),n. Waterwhich 
collects on the surface of the ground, and usu- 
ally runs off into drains and sewers. 
surface-working (ser'fas-wer'king), . Same 
as niii'j'iifi'-iii in in;/. 
surface-worm (ser'fas-werm), w. Same as sur- 
face-grub. 
surfacing-machine (ser'fa-sing-ma-shen*), . 
1. A ]iovv'r-inachino for finishing metal sur- 
faces by grinding with emery-wheels. One form 
consists of a large emery-wheel mounted on a stand that 
supports a table above the wheel. The periphery of the 
wheel projects slightly through an opening in the table. 
The work is laid on the table and fed to the wheel over 
the opening. Another form of machine has an emery- 
wheel suspended in a swinging frame like a swing-saw. 
The work is placed under the frame, and the wheel is 
made to pass over it by swinging the frame. Sometimes 
eiilled mrface-yrindiny machine. 
2. See surf(ice-i>ltini: 
surfacing-plane (ser'fa-sing-plan), w. A plane 
for working flat surfaces; a bench-plane. 
surfaitt, . An obsolete form of surfeit. 
surf-bird (serf'berd), w. A plover-like bird of 
the family Aphrteufo (Aphri:<i rirytita), related 
to the sandpipers and turnstones. It Is about 9J 
inches long, dark-brown above, white below, nearly every - 
rd \Afkrittt vfrfafaj. 
where streaked or spotted in full plumage ; the tail is 
black with whit* base and tip. This bird inhabits the 
whole Pacific coast of America from Alaska to Chili. It 
was originally called biireal and ttreakrd saiulpiper (which 
see, under sam1piiier\ and lately named plover-billed tttrn- 
ftniir. 
surf-boat (serf'bot), n. A boat of a peculiarly 
strong and buoyant type, capable of passing 
safely through s'urf. 
surf-boatman (serf'bofman), . One who 
manages a surf-boat. Ncribiier's Mm/., .Inn.. 
1880, (p. :!2I!. 
surf-clam (serf'klam), . The sea-clam, Mf- 
tra (or K/iixiiln) ^nlidinxiimi. [Local, U. S.] 
SUrf-dUCk (serf'duk), n. See ilin-l,-. mirl'-HCOter, 
and cuts under (Ktlcmiii. I'l'linnethi, and scoter. 
surfeit iser'tit). . [ Karly mod. }'.. also xui-fnil. 
.iiirfi't ; < MK. .iiirfml. sn,-j,l. .wm;/;//. < OK. xiir- 
fnil. fin-fit, mirl'i't, .inrfiii't ;= I'r. suliri'fniD, e\- 
C6M, surfeit, < Htrfdit, xorj'ml. pp. of mirfiiiri . 
xorfniri', K. surf/iin; augment, exaggerate. ex- 
ceed. < \i. xii pi r, a box i ,+ I'/in n . make : see fm-t. 
/'"'.) 1. Kxcess: spocilically (and now usu- 
ally), excess in eating and drinking; n glutton- 
ous meal by which the stomach is overloaded 
and the digestion deranged. 
Mowth anil tongge aroydyng alle outrage, 
A-gayne the vice of fals detraceion, 
To do rjo nirtrtt in nurd ne langage. 
MflWU /v,,,,,. eie. (I'd. >'urnlvall), p. 28. 
Tlie sicklies that followeth our intemperate nir/ail. 
Mr /'. Mure, Cinnfort against Tribulation (1578), foL 15. 
Thin daughter that I tell you of is fall'li 
A little crop-sick with the dangerous mr/rit 
She took of your affection. 
/ 7 1,-ln'T, Tamer Tamed, v. 1. 
Contentious suits . . . ought to be spewed out as the 
rnr/rit of court*. Bacon, Judicature (ed. 1887). 
Thou tak'st a turftit where thou should'st but taste. 
Quartet, Emblems, I. 12. 
Your Loathing is not from a want of Appetite, then, I nit 
from a Surfeit. Congrete, Way of the World, III. 7. 
2. Fullness and oppression of tho system, oc- 
casioned by excessive eating and dnnking. 
Too much a ntrfeit breeds, and may our Child annoy ; 
These fat and luscious meats do but our stomachs cloy. 
Drayton, I'olyolblon, xv. 49. 
3. Disgust caused by excess ; satiety ; nausea. 
Matter anil argument have been supplied abundantly, 
and even to ntrfeit, on the excellency of our own jro\ern- 
M i e nl. Burke. 
- Syn. Repletion, plethora. See tho verb, 
surfeit (ser'fit), c. [Early mod. E. also surfet; 
< surfeit, .] I. trann. 1. To feed so as to op- 
press the stomach and derange the digestive 
functions; overfeed so as to produce sickness 
or uneasiness; overload the stomach of. 
The ntr/rited grooms 
Do mock their charge with snores. 
Malt.. Macbeth, 11. _'. 5. 
He that fares well, and will not bless the founders, 
Is either mr/eittd or ill taught, lady. 
Beau, and Fl., Scornful Lady, v. 4. 
2. To till to satiety and disgust; cloy; nause- 
ate : as, to surfeit one with eulogies. 
Nor more would watch, when sleep so surfeited 
Their leaden eye-lids. Chapman, Odyssey, IL 582. 
= Syn. Satiate, etc. (see satisfy) ; glut, gorge. 
II. intraiiH. To be fed till the system is op- 
pressed, and sickness or uneasiness ensues. 
They are aa sick that mrfeit with too much as they that 
starve with nothing. Skat., M. of V., 1. 2. 6. 
Within, 
The richer sort doe stand vp to the chin 
In delicates, A eucn with excease 
Are like to lur/et. 
Time* Whistle (U. E. T. S.), p. 57. 
SUlfeiter (ser'fit-er), . [< surfeit + -</!.] One 
who surfeits or riots; a glutton; a reveler. 
iS/iaA'., A. and C., ii. 1. 33. 
surfeiting (ser'fifc-ing), M. [Verbal n. of surfeit, 
r.] Excess in eating and drinking; surfeit. 
Ijuke xxi. 34. 
surfeit-swelled (ser'fit-sweld), . Swelled 
with a surfeit, or excessive eating and drinking 
or other over-indulgence. Shak., 2 Hen. IV., 
v. 5. 54. [Rare.] 
surfeit-water (ser'fit-wa'ter), w. A water re- 
puted to cure surfeits. 
/'/,.. Did you give her aught? 
Rich. An easy mir/rit-miter, nothing else. 
You need not doubt her health. 
Ford, Tis Pity, ill. 4. 
A little cold-stilled red poppywater, which is the true 
ntrfeitmater, with ease and abstinence, . . . often puts an 
end to several distempers in the beginning. 
Loclte, Education, 29. 
surfeit, surfelingt. See xurpliui, turpli //</. 
surfer (ser'fer), M. [<sr/l + -erl.] The surf- 
scoter, a duck. F. C. Browne, 1876. [Local, 
Massachusetts.] 
surfett, . and r. An obsolete form of surfeit. 
surf-fish (serf'fish), w. Any marine viviparous 
perch of the family Embiotocidie (or Holronoti- 
<lse) ; an embiotocoid : so called on the Pacific 
coast of the United States, where many species 
of several genera abound in the surf. The Am- 
pMxtichtit (or Holconotut) anjentrtu and Ditrema latrrali* 
and D.jackmni are characteristic examples. See cuts un- 
der (ilriona, Ditrrmidte, and tparada. 
surflet, i'- ' See xnrpliul. 
surfman (s^rf'man), w. ; pi. surf men (-men). A 
man experienced in handling boats amid surf; 
especially, one employed in the life-saving ser- 
vice. 
In addition to these men. there are crews of volunteer 
mir/meii. The American, IX. S7. 
surge 
surfmanship (serfinan-Kliip), M. The art or 
skill of ii siirfnnin; skill in managing a surf- 
lioat. [ Hare.] 
I ntil 1M71 . . . mir/rntiiu'hiji was not astandard of (juali' 
flcation. TkrC'-nlurii. MX. 3;. 
Bnrfrapp6(K. prim, siir fra-pa' I, a. [ I'.. < am--. 
over. + I'l-ii/i/ii, pp. of J'i-ii/ii>rr. strike: -. , ;, 
In iiiniiia., restruck: noting a coin restruck. 
uliether by the city or monarch that originalh 
issued it, or by some other city or monarch, witii 
new types iiinl inscription*, so as to obliterate 
wholly or part ly t In- original designs on the coin. 
surf-scoter (serf'sko'ter), n. The surf-duck. 
(l-',ili niiii (or I'l limn tin) jn i-.^iiii'illiiiii, a large sea- 
duck of the subfamily t'liliijulinte, common in 
North America, chiefly coastwise, and casual 
in Hurope. The length is from 18 to 21 Inches, the extent 
:il to 3D. Tho male is black, without white on the wings, 
but with a frontal and a nuchal white area; the bill is 
variegated with whltit.li. pinkish, and orange, and has a 
large black blotch on each side at the base. The female 
Is sooty-brown, silvery-gray below, with hiti-li loraland 
auricular ureas on the sides of the head. The young male 
resembles the female. It abounds in the lulled States 
in winter, and breeds In high latitudes. The Hesh Is fishy, 
and scarcely eatable. See Koter, and cut under rtlianetta. 
surf-smelt (serf'smelt), . An argentinoid fish. 
lli//niiiifiiii.i iiri'tiiixnx, about 12 inches long, of a 
light olivaceous color with silvery lateral line, 
aliundant on the Pacific coast of the United 
States from California northward, spawning 
iu the surf. See Aryenliniilee and smelt. 
surfult, surfulingt. See xttrjihul, etc. 
surfusion (ser-fu zhon), . A state of lique- 
faction when existing at. a temperature below 
that of the normal melting-point (that is, freez- 
ing-point) for the given substance. Thus, under 
certain conditions, water may be cooled a number of de- 
grees below the usual freezing point, and still remain li- 
quid. Amur. Jour. Sd., 3d ser., XXXIX. 230. 
surf-whiting (serf 'hwi' ting), w. A scienoid 
fish, ilenticirrus ttttoralis, of the coast of South 
Carolina, resembling the whiting ( Af. alburnus), 
but of a plain silvery color. See tchiting. 
surf- worn (serf worn), a. Worn by the action 
of the surf. 
Surf-worn sheets of rock. A. Geiirir, Geol. Sketches, ii. 
surfy (ser'fi), . [< surf 1 + -u 1 .] Consisting of 
or a Dounding with surf ; resembling surf ; foam- 
ing; marked by much surf. 
Scarce had they clear'd the xtir/i/ waves 
That foam around those frightful cavea. 
Moore, Lalla itookh, tire-Worshippers. 
You shall be able to mark, on a clear, fiirfy day, the 
breakers running white on many sunken rocks. 
R. L. Stevenson, Memoirs of an Islet 
surge (serj), v. i. ; pret. and pp. surged, ppr. K urg- 
ing. [Early mod. E. also saurge; < late ME. 
surgen, < OF. svrgir, rise, ride (as a ship) near 
the shore, draw near the shore, arrive, land, F. 
surgir, rise, spring up, arrive, land, earlier in 
more vernacular form, OP. xordre, sourdre (> E. 
obs. gourd), F. sourdre, = Pr. sorger, sorzir = Sp. 
surgir = Pg. sordir, surdir = It. sorgere, rise, < 
L. surgere, contr. of surrigert, sttbrigere (pp. sur- 
rectus, subreclus), tr. lift up, raise, erect, intr. 
rise, arise, get up, spring up, grow, etc., < sub, 
under, from under, + regere, stretch: see re- 
gent. Hence surge, ., and (from the L. verb) 
stirgetit, ult. source, sourd, souse?, and incomp. 
insurge, insurgent, insurrection, etc., resurge, re- 
surgent, resurrection, etc. In def. 2 the verb 
depends partly on the noun.] If. To rise and 
fall, as a ship on the waves; especially, to ride 
near the shore ; ride at anchor. 
The same Tewsdaye at nyghte late we ntrged In ye Rode, 
not fer from C'urfoo, for ye calme wolde not suffre vs to 
come into the hauyu that nyghte. 
Sir R. Suytforde, Pylgrymage, p. 71. 
Since thou must goe to turye In the gastfull .Seas, with 
a sorrowful! kisse I bid thee farewell. Greene, Pandosto. 
2. To rise high and roll, as waves: literally or 
figuratively. 
The tvrging waters like a mountain rise. ftpenirr. 
As it drew to eventide, 
The foe still suraed on every side. 
William Morrit, Earthly Paradise, I. 370. 
What mrijing vigor ! Loteell, Study Windows, p. SSO. 
3. Xdiit.: (a) To slip back: as. the cable surge*, 
(b) To let go a piece of rope suddenly ; slack a 
rope up suddenly when it renders round a pin, 
a winch, windlass, or capstan. 
Captain Kane, she won't hold much longer I by the haw- 
ser) ; it 's blowing the devil himself, and I am afraid to 
mriie. Kane, Sec. Grinn. Exp.. I. 70. 
surge (serj), w. [< Kiiriii: r. The word has 
nothing to do, except that it comes from the 
same ult. source, with F. xiii'i/mn. OF. surgeon, 
siiiiriii'ini, miri/ioii, niirjiiii. a spring.] If. A 
spring ; a fountain ; a source of water. 
