surge 
All great ryuers are surged and assembledi; of diners 
iturqes and springes of water. 
Berners, tr. of Froissart's Chron., I. i. 
2. A large wave or billow; a great rolling swell 
of water; also, such waves or swells collec- 
tively: literally or figuratively. 
All the sea. disturbed with their trainc-. 
Doth frie with fome above the surges hore. 
Spenser, V. ()., V. ii. 15. 
Caverns and tunnels into which the natjf is for ever 
booming. A. Qeikie, Geol. Sketches, ii. 
Surae leaping after surge, the fire roared onward red as 
'blood. Lou-ell, Incident of Fire at Hamburg. 
3. The act of surging, or of heaving in an 
undulatory manner. 4. In ship-building, the 
tapered part in front of the whelps, between 
the chocks of a capstan, on which a rope may 
surge. 5. Any change of barometric level 
which is not due to the passage of an area of 
low pressure or to diurnal variation. Anrrcrmii- 
bi/. =Syn 3. See wave!. 
su'rgeful (serj'ful), a. [< surge + -fnl.} Full of 
surges. Drayton, Polyolbion, i. 212. 
surgeless (serj'les), a. [< surge + -less.} Free 
from surges; smooth; calm. Mir. for Mags. 
surgent (ser'jeut), n. and M. [< L. xurgen(t-)s. 
ppr. of surgere, surrigere, rise : see surge, r.} I. 
a. Rising; swelling; surging. 
When the surgent seas 
Have ebb'd their nil, their waves do rise again. 
Greene, Alphonsus, i. 
II. n. [cap.} In geol., a division of the Pale- 
ozoic system, according to the nomenclature 
suggested by H. D. Rogers, but not generally 
adopted. It is the equivalent of the Clinton group of 
the New York Survey, a formation of great economical 
importance on account of the iron ores associated with it. 
surgeon (ser'jon), n. [Early mod. E. also ur- 
f/ian, < ME. sourgeon, surgien, surgeyn, siirgcn 
'(= MD. siirgijn), a contraction of cirnrgian, ci- 
rnrgien, < OF. cinirgien, serurgien, F. cliirurgien, 
a chirurgeon: see chirurgeon.} 1. One who 
practises surgery; one who performs manual 
operations on a patient; a chirurgeon. 
A surgyne of Salerne enserches his wondes. 
Mortf Arthure(E. E. T. S.), 1. 4312. 
Some liked not this leche. and lettres thei sent, 
sit any surgien were in the sege that softer couth piastre. 
Piers Plmeman (B), xx. 308. 
2. In Great Britain, one who has passed the 
examinations of the Royal College of Surgeons, 
but has not the degree of M. D. ; a general prac- 
titioner. Formerly a surgeon dispensed drugs and at- 
tended out-patients, in distinction from a physician, who 
was restricted to consulting practice. See physician. 
Tell me about this new young surgeon. . . . Mr. Brooke 
says he is ... really well connected. One does not ex- 
pect it in a practitioner of that kind. 
George Eliut, Middleman;!!, x. 
3. A medical officer in the army, or in a military 
hospital. 4. A surgeon-fish. Acting assistant 
surgeon, a civilian physician employed at a fixed com- 
pensation at a military post where there is no medical 
officer. Assistant surgeon, a member of the junior 
grade in the medical corps of the United States army 
or navy. Fleet surgeon. See ytee?-'. Passed assis- 
tant surgeon, a medical officer who has passed the 
grade of assistant surgeon, and is waiting for a vacancy 
in the corps of surgeons before being promoted to that 
grade. Post surgeon, a medical officer of the army of 
any grade, or an acting assistant surgeon, who has charge 
of the medical department of any post, garrison, or 
camp. The post surgeon is generally, but not always, a 
member of the junior grade in the medical corps of the 
army. Royal College of Surgeons of England, an in- 
stitution for the training, examination, and licensing of 
practitioners of medicine, dating its origin from the year 
1460. The buildings of the college, which include a muse- 
um, library, and lecture-theater, are situated in Lincoln's 
Inn Fields, London. 
surgeon-apothecary (ser'jon-a-poth'e-ka-ri), 
n. In Great Britain, a medical practitioner 
who has passed the examinations of the Royal 
College of Surgeons, and of the Apothecaries' 
Society of London. See also general practi- 
tioner, under practitioner. 
One of the facts quickly rumored was that Lydgate did 
not dispense drugs. This was offensive both to the phy- 
sicians whose exclusive distinction seemed infringed on. 
and to the surgeon-apothecaries with whom he ranged him- 
self; and only a little while before [before 1829] they 
might have counted on having the law on their side 
against a man who, without calling himself a London- 
made M. D., dared to ask for pay except as a charge on 
drugs. George Eliot, Middleman:!), xlv. 
surgeon-aurist (ser'jon-a'rist), n. An otologist. 
surgeoncy (ser'jon-si), n. [< surgeon + -cy.} 
The office of surgeon, as in the army or navy. 
surgeon-dentist (ser'jpn-den'tist), . A den- 
tal surgeon ; a qualified dentist. 
surgeon-fish (ser'jon-fish), n. An acanthopte- 
rygian fish of the family Aeanthurida (or Teu- 
thididse), as Aciiiithuriis (or Tentliis) rliinirgux: 
so called from the lancet-shaped spine on each 
r.os.j 
side of the base of the tail, and also named 
srn-siirgeim, iloi-tnr-iish, lancet-fish, and barlin: 
These fishes are found in most tropical waters, sometimes 
attaining a length of 18 inches. Many are adorned witli 
bright and varied colors, and sonic of the larger ones are 
esteemed for food 
surgeon-general (ser'jon-jen'e-ral), ii. An offi- 
cer of high rank in the "array or navy service of 
a country. In the British army surgeon-generals rank 
with major-generals, and their grade is next to that of the 
director-general. In the United States army the grade 
corresponds to that of brigadier general, and in the navy 
to that of commodore. In the United States Treasury 
Department the supervising surgeon-general is charged 
with the marine hospital service and the care of the fund 
for the relief of sick and disabled seamen. Surgeon- 
general of the Army, a principal officer of the United 
States War Department, head of a bureau, who has charge 
of medical and surgical supplies and records, the super- 
vision of army-surgeons, of military hospitals, and of the 
army medical museum and library. Surgeon-general 
Of the Navy, an officer of the United States Navy Depart- 
ment, head of the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery. 
surgeon-generalship (ser'jon-jen'e-ral-ship), 
H. [< surgeon-general + -ship.} The office or 
post of a surgeon-general. New York Tribune, 
Aug. 1C, 1886. 
SUTgeonryt (ser'jon-ri), . [< ME. svrgenrie : 
as surgeon + -ry. "Cf . surgery, chirurgery.} The 
practice of a surgeon ; surgery ; also, a surgery. 
Imp. Diet. 
surgeonship (ser'jou-ship), . [< surgeon + 
-ship.} The office 'or post of a surgeon. Ml. 
News, LII. 704. 
surgery (ser'jer-i), n. [< ME. surgerie, contr. 
of * cirurgerie, < OF. cirurgerie, a rare form of 
cinirgie, sirurgie, F. chirurgie, surgery, chirur- 
gery: see chirurgery, and cf. surgeon, chirur- 
geon.} 1. The work of a surgeon; surgical 
care; therapy of a distinctly operative kind, 
such as cutting-operations, the reduction and 
putting up of fractures and dislocations, and 
similar manual forms of treatment. It is not, 
however, ordinarily used to denote the administration of 
baths, electricity, enemata, or massage. 
^Bsculapian surgerie. Times' Whistle (E. E. T. S.), p. 2. 
2. PI. surgeries (-iz). A place where surgical 
operations are performed, or where medicines 
are prepared ; in Great Britain, the consulting- 
office and dispensary of a general practitioner. 
Antiseptic surgery! surgery with antiseptic precau- 
tions. Clinical, plastic, etc., surgery. See the adjec- 
tives. Conservative surgery, the employment of sur- 
gical treatment with the aim of preserving and rendering 
serviceable a part, rather than removing it. Veterinary 
surgery. See farriery, 1. 
surgiant, . An obsolete form of surgeon. 
surgiant (ser'ji-ant), a. [< OF. "surgiant, *sur- 
geant, < L. siirgen(t-')s,nsmgi see surgent.} In 
her., same as roumnt: especially noting birds. 
surgical (ser'ji-kal), a. [For chirurgicaL as 
surgery for chirurgery.} Of or pertaining to 
surgeons or surgery; done by means of sur- 
gery: as, surgical instruments; a surgical op- 
eration. Surgical anatomy. See anatomy. Sur- 
gical drainage, the use of some form of drainage-tube 
or tent to remove fluids, ae pus, from a wound or an ab- 
scess. Surgical kidney. See kidney. Surgical pa- 
thology, the pathology of conditions demanding surgical 
treatment Surgical triangle. See triangle. Surgi- 
cal typhus fever, pyemia. 
surgically (ser'ji-kal-i), adi: In a surgical man- 
ner; by means of surgery. 
surgient, An old spelling of surgeon. 
surging (ser'jing), . [Verbal n. of surge, r.} 
1. A rising of waves, or as if of waves. 
Surgiiifis of paler peaks and cusps and jagged ridges. 
Harper's Mag., LXXX. 22-2. 
2. In elect., the undulatory movement of an 
electric charge, the motion being wave-like in 
character. 
surgiont, An old spelling of surgeon. 
surgy (ser'ji), a. [< surge + -y^.} Rising in 
surges or billows ; full of surges ; produced by 
surges. 
Do public or domestic cares constrain 
This toilsome voyaste o'er the surgy main ? 
Fenton, in Pope's Odyssey, iv. 4'24. 
The surffji murmurs of the lonely sea. 
Keats, Endymion. i. 
Suricata (su-ri-ka'ta), . [NL. (Desmarest, 
before 1811): see surieate.} A genus of Afri- 
can Viverridx, of the subfamily Crossarch iiue: 
the suricates or zenicks. They have thirty-six teeth, 
with three premolars above and below on each side, and 
four-toed hind feet. Also called Rhyztena (Illiger, 1811). 
Surieate (su'ri-kat), n. [Also suricat, surik/iti : 
from a native S. African name.] An animal of 
the genus Surieata, S. zenikor S. tetradactyla, in- 
habiting South Africa, where it is known to the 
Dutch colonists as the meerkat; a zenick. It is 
yellowish-brown with dark bands across the back, the 
head whitish with black orbits and ears, the tail tipped 
with black. The fore claws are strong, enabling the ani- 
surmark 
buricate (Sltricata tetrtidaftyla\ 
mal to burrow well, and its habits are somewhat noctur- 
nal. It is sometimes tamed, and is useful in destroying 
vermin. 
suriga (so"ri-ga), n. [E. In<L] An Indian tree, 
Ochrnritrpxs liingifolius. See tiagkassar. 
Surinam bark. [So called from Surinam in 
South America.] The bark of a cabbage-tree, 
Anilira return. See cabbage-tree, 2. 
Surinam cherry. A South American tree, Mal- 
l>ighin i/hilira, or its drupaceous fruit, which is 
aromatic and not generally liked. 
Surinam poison. See Tephrosia. 
Surinam quassia. See quassia, 2. 
Surinam tea. See tea 1 . 
Surinam tern. See tern. 
Surinam toad. See load, and cut under Pipa. 
surintendantt (ser-in-ten'dant), . [< F. stir- 
intentlant, superintendent: see superintendent.} 
A superintendent. Howell, Letters, I. ii. 15. 
surlily (ser'li-li), adv. In a surly manner; 
crabbedly; morosely. Bailey, 1731. 
Surliness (ser'li-nes), n. The state or character 
of being surly ; gloomy moroseness ; crabbed 
ill-nature. 
To prepare and mollify the Spartan surliness with his 
smooth songs and odes. Milton. 
surlingt (ser'ling), n. [< -, as in surly, + 
A sour or morose fellow. 
And as for these sowre surlings, they are to he com 
mended to Sieur Gaulard. Camden, Remains, p. 17fi. 
SUrloint, n. See sirloin. 
surly (ser'li), . [Early mod. E. also serly, 
si/rly, for "sirly, lit. 'like" a sir or lord,' 'lordly.' 
' domineering,' and in these forms appar. < 
air 1 , n., + -ly 1 ; but this appears to be a popu- 
lar etymology, the more orig. form being prob. 
surly, < ME. *surli/, < AS.*siirlic (= G. sauerlich). 
sourish, sour (adv. "surKce, surellce = MD. suer- 
lick = G. sauerlich, sourly), < siir, sour, + -lie, 
E. -ly : see sour and -/y 1 .] 1. Sour in nature 
or disposition ; morose; crabbed; churlish; ill- 
natured; cross and rude: as. a unrly fellow; a 
surly dog. 
It would have gall'd his surly nature. 
Shale., Cor., ii. 3. 203. 
He turn'd about wi' surly look. 
And said, "What's that to thee?" 
The Pause Lover (Child's Ballads, IV. 90). 
Some surly fellows followed us, and seemed by their 
countenance and gestures to threaten me. 
Dumpier, Voyages, II. i. 92. 
It [Judea] would have lain in exile from the great hu- 
man community, had not the circulation of commerce em- 
braced it, and self-interest secured it a surly and contemp- 
tuous regard. J. Martineau. 
2. AiTogant; haughty. 
Faire du grobis, to be proud or surly; to take much state 
upon him. Cotgraw. 
I will look gravely, Doll (do you see, boys?), like the fore- 
man of a jury, and speak wisely, like a Latin school-mas- 
ter, and be surly and dogged and proud, like the keeper of 
a prison. Dekker and Webster, Northward Ho, ii. 1. 
3. Rough; dark; tempestuous; gloomy; dis- 
mal. 
No longer mourn for me when I am dead 
Than you shall hear the surly sullen bell 
Give warning to the world that I am fled. 
Shak., Sonnets, Ixxi. 
And softened into joy the surly storms. 
Thomson, Summer, 1. 126. 
These [Pilgrim Fathers] found no lotus growing upon 
the surly shore, the taste of which could make them for- 
get their little native Ithaca. 
Lowell, Biglow Papers, 1st ser.. Int. 
= Syn. 1. Cross, crusty, snappish, uncivil. 
surly-boots (ser'li-bots), . A surly fellow. 
[Colloq.] 
When 8itrli/-boalt yawn'd wide and spoke. 
Combe, Dr. Syntax's Tours, i. 22. (Danes.) 
surma (sor'mii),. [Also*oor;n; < Hind. Pers. 
xiiniifi.'] Black snlphuret of antimony, used 
by Moslem and Hindu women for darkening 
the eyes. See kolil. 
surmark (ser'niark), . [Also sinnark; appar. 
< mir- + mark 1 .] In ship-nuilding : (a) One 
of the stations of the rib-bands and harp- 
ings which are marked on the timbers. See 
