surmark 
rill-band lint; under rili-lxiiiil. i /. ) A eleat tem- 
porarily placed on tlir mitsiilc ul' :i rili to give 
a hold to the rili-liand liy which, through the 
slmrcs. il is supported mi tin- slipway. 
sur-master iser'mas ir-i-i, . [Appur. < tw- + 
iniistn-l, and so called as being above I lie other 
masters exeept the head-master; lint perhaps 
an altered form of sulmiaxli-r, i|. v.] The viee- 
masler. or second master, of a M-liool. In St. 
Paul's School, I .in it In n. the order of the -tall' 
in head-master, xiir-maxli r. third master, ete. 
[Rare.] 
SUrmisalt (ser-mi'/.ijl), H. [< xi-//w + -ill.] 
Surmise. 
While green yearn un- upon my li.-a.l, from this needless 
surmisall shall hope to iliasuade the Intelligent and equal 
ailllitor. Mlfl'nl, I'llMI . ll I -o\ ' I nun lit il., I n! 
surmisant (ser-ini'zaiit), ii. [< surmise + -a>il.~] 
One who surmises, in unv sense; n sui miser. 
[Rare.] 
He meant no reflect Ion upon her ladyship's informant!, or 
rather *mrMiwmfri{a8 lie might call them), he they who they 
would. Itiehanlmn, Clarissa Harlowe, VI. 179. (Dane*.) 
surmise (ser-miz'), . [< OF. surmise, an accu- 
sation, fern, of Kiiniiif, pp. of siirnii ttre, charge, 
aceuse: see xiirmit.] 1. The thought that some- 
thiug may be, of which, however, there is no 
Certain or strong evidence; speculation; con- 
jecture. 
Function 
Is smothi-r'd In surmise, anil nothing Is 
But what is not. Shale., Macbeth. I. 3. 141. 
Forced, I"", to turn unwilling ear 
To each surmise of hope or fear. 
Scott, Rokehy, ii. in. 
2t. Thought; reflection. 
Being from the feeling of her own Brief brought 
By deep siirmine of others' detriment. 
Shalt., Lucrece, 1. 1579. 
Syn. 1. See surmixc, i\, mid inference. 
surmise (ser-miz'), r. t. ; pret. and pp. surmised, 
ppr.miniiixi/ii/. [< surmisr, .] If. To accuse: 
make a charge against ; also, to bring forward 
an au accusation. 
HcmriiiumMotlieklnK . . . that his said secret friends 
had excited him t*i combine with his enemies beyond sea. 
State Trials, 3 Edw. HI. (an. 1830). 
And some gave out that Mortimer, to rise, 
Had cut otf Kent, that .next was to succeed, 
Whose treasons they avowed March to surmise, 
As a mere colour to that lawless deed. 
Drayton, Barons' Wars, vL 26. 
2f. Iii old KIUJ. lair, to suggest; allege. 3. To 
infer or guess upon slight evidence; conjec- 
ture; suspect. 
It wafted nearer yet, and then she knew 
That what before she but mtrmis'd was true. 
Drydtn, tr. of Ovid's Metaniorph., x. 4.11. 
In South-sea days not happier, when surmised 
The lord of thousands, than if now excised. 
Pope, I mil . of Horace, II. II. 13.1. 
A foot unknown 
Is ainiiix,,! on the garret-stairs. 
Browning, Mesmerism. 
= 8yn. 3. Itnaffine-, (Juess, etc. (see conjecture); fancy, ap- 
prehend, mistrust. 
surmiser (ser-mi'zer), n. [< surmise + -or*.] 
One who surmises. Bp. Fell. 
surmising (ser-mi'zing), . [Verbal n. of tiir- 
niise, r.] The act of suspecting; surmise: as, 
evil surmisings. 1 Tim. vi. 4. 
SUrmitt (ser-ririt'). r. ' [< ME. mirmHlrn, < < >K. 
Kiirmettre, charge, accuse, < L. supermittcre, put 
in or upon, add, < super, over, + mitterc. send, 
put: see missile.] 1. To put forward ; charge. 
The pretens barguyn that John Paston yn hys lyffe sur- 
myttedf Ponton Lettm, ii. S23. (Encyc. Did.) 
2. To surmise. 
That by the brecche of cloth were chalenged. 
Nor I thinke never were, for to my wyt 
They were fantastical!, imagined; 
Onely as In my dreame I dyd mirmit. 
Tlu.inne'* Debate, ]). 67. (IlalliweU.) 
surmount (ser-mounf), c. [< ME. surmnunten. 
< OF. (and F.) xitrnioiitcr (= It. tofmontan), 
rise above, surmount, < siir-, above, + monter. 
mount: see mount 2 .] I. trims. 1. To mount 
or rise above; overtop; excel; surpass. [Ob- 
solete or archaic.] 
For it I the daisy] mrmoiinteth pleynly alle odourus, 
And eek of riche beaute alle floures. 
Chaucer, Good Women, 1. 123. 
Sochi 1 oon that shall ttnrmninile alle the knyghtes that 
shull be in his tyme. Merlin (E. E. T. s.), Hi. 438. 
The mountains of Olympus, Athos. and Atlas . . . sur- 
mount all winds and clouds. Italeitth. 
The gentiles supposed those print-Is whiche in vi-rtiu- 
iiiui honour sitrmtntnted other men to be goddes. 
Sir T. Kluot, The (lovernour, i. 8. 
The revenues will suffice to the driving of the enemy out 
of these roniitrirs forr\iT. uii.l afterwards . . . far xi/r- 
uituint the rereipts at homr. 
Carendinh, In Motley's Hist. Netherlands. 11.63. 
2. To mount up on; pass over liy mounting. 
The latter, covered with Mood from tin iiluim to the 
!-pui'. drove Ins Hti'i-d furiously up tin- hmich, uliii-h 
I,olli- with the stati l> p;n'r .if om: wh.i lr;nU 
a procession. >'. <", ijuentiii liurward, xxxvii. 
3. To plaee something over or upon. 
The spacious ttreplace opposite to me . . . was air- 
mounted by a targe old-fashionril m:intrl|>i' < > . 
Barham, Ingoldi<by Lt-gi'iidv, I. 407. 
In cold weather he was distinguished by a fur cap, fur- 
mounted with a Haunting fox tail. 
Irring, sketch-Hook, p. 431. 
4. To overcome; pas-; over, as diflii-ultirs or 
obstacles; get the better of. 
Ilii- English had much ado to mrmimnt the natural dif- 
ficulties of the place. Ni'r /. llinticard. 
Ill' has not learned the lemon of life who doe* not every 
day atrmuunt a fear. Ktnermn, ( -mirage. 
Il.t in traux. To rise up; hence, to surpass; 
exceed. 
Kill gret ioy of hert in hym gan mtrmount 
Anon Kaymolllide called after Kroinnunt. 
A-'.I.I. ii/ rartrmiy (K. E. T. S.), I. 2610. 
The Klchessc . . . Siirmoirnletlt In Venys a hove all 
places that ever I Sawe. 
Turkington, Dlarle of Eng. Tnivell, p. 12. 
surmountable (ser-mouu'ta-bl), a. [<*MriM/ 
+ -able.} Capable of being surmounted or 
overcome ; conquerable jsuperable. Stm-klmum , 
Hist. Bible, III. iv. 4. 
surmountableness (ser-moun'ta-bl-nes), . 
The state of being surmountable. Ini/i. I lift. 
surmounted (ser-moun'ted), p. a. 1. Over- 
come; conquered; surpassed. 2. In lier., hav- 
ing another bearing of the same kind placed 
upon it: as, a chief xiiniiountcd by another. 
This and supported In the name sense are charges difficult 
rightly to explain ; the representation of them can only 
be liy narrow fillets or fimbriations which stand for the 
lower charge, and it would be better to blazon a chief 
charged with a nllet, a chief lUubriated, or the like. 
Also somm j . - Surmounted arch. SeearcAi. 
surmounter (ser-moun'ter), H. [< surmount + 
-er l .~\ One who or that which surmounts, in 
any sense. 
surmullet (ser-mul'et), H. [< OF. (and F.) xi/r- 
witlet, "a sore mullet, orthe great sea-barbel" 
(Cotgrave); cf. equiv. OF. sors mules (pi.), lit. 
red mullet (cf. sur, saur, reddish, liurttic saur, 
a red herring); < sor, saur, red, sorrel, + mul- 
let: see iM/7e<'.] A fish of the family Mul- 
litlee; specifically, Hullitx surniulttus, one of the 
choicest food-fishes of the Mediterranean (an- 
ciently the nuilhix, of gastronomic renown), red 
in color with three yellow longitudinal stripes. 
The red or plain surmullet of Europe is J/. oar- 
batus. See mullet*. 
sum (sern), w. [< NL. Siimia."] An owl of the 
genus Surnia ; a day-owl or hawk-owl. See cut 
under liatck-oicl. 
surname (ser'nam), ii. [Formerly also sinianir ; 
as sur- + name*, after F. mirnoni, OF. stinioni. 
surnon (>E. i(nioiin) = Sp. ."obrfiiombre = Pg. 
sobrenome = It. sopraunome, < ML. nupernomen, 
a surname, < L. super, over, + numen, name : 
see name*, Hitmen.] An additional name, fre- 
quently descriptive, as in Harold Harefoot ; 
specifically, a name or appellation added to the 
baptismal or Christian name, and becoming a 
family name. See to-name. English surnames ori- 
ginally designated occupation, estate, place of residence, or 
some particular thing or event that related to the person. 
Thus, William Kufui. or rf ; Edmund Irvnside*; Robert 
Smit h, or the tnnit h ; William Turner. Many surnames are 
formed by adding the w"t-t) ton to the name of the father; 
thus, from Thomas the *on of WiUiam we have Thomas 
Williamson. Surnames as family names were unknown 
before the middle of the eleventh century, except in rare 
cases where a family " established a fund for the deliver- 
ance of the souls of certain ancestors (Christian names 
specified) from purgatory." (Kncyc. Brit., X. 144.) The 
use of surnames made slow progress, and was not entirely 
established till after the thirteenth century. 
My sitrname, Coriolanus. Shale., Cor., Iv. :>. 74. 
About this time. Henry PHz-Allen, Earl of Arundel, 
died, In whom the Sir-tutme of a most Noble Family ended. 
Baker. Chronicles, p. 3.1*. 
Their own Wives must master them by their SirnamfS, 
because they are Ladies, and will not know them from 
other men. Brume, Northern Lass, L 6. 
surname (ser'nam), r. t. ; pret. and pp. sur- 
niiiiii'il. ppr. xurHiiuiiiig. [< xnriianir. ., atti r F. 
surphuling 
. <>!'. .iiiriinim i- = \'u. 
It. !<i>iiriiiiHiiiHiiri', < Ll>. xiijn fnnniniiifi . name 
lie-ides, < I*. tn/Hi; over.-)- mitiiiinti-i-. natn< 
niimiiiii/i.] To name or en II liy an additional 
name; give a surname to. See ///< '. 
And Simon he surnamed I'' t. t M:uk Hi. in. 
Here was tiome and liveil . . . Maximiniiui, Mho *ur 
named hlmselfe llerciilt-us. r.-rwi', ( nuliiii -. i 
Elldure the next Bmtl> tin- 1 iou, wa set 
up in bin Id:.". Milton, Hint. l.ii(l , i. 
surnamer (ser'na-mer), ii. [< siiniiinir + -fr*.~\ 
One who or that which surnames. 
And if this manner of naming of persons or things IK- 
n. t liy way of misnaming an before, but by a conuenlent 
<liil< ii'ticf, and such as Is true or esteemed and likely to 
In- true, It U then called not nietoninila, but iininii. n.:.-i r 
or tin- ,vi/r,i,i,,i, r I'ullenhaui, Arteof Kni;. I'oi -ii-, p. 161. 
surnapet, " [ME., < OF. 'suniupe, < xm -. 
+ uii]n; HII/IIM; a cloth: see wrt;> 2 .] A second 
table-cloth laid over the larger cloth at one end. 
as before the master of the feast. 
\Mirn the lorde base eten, tbo sewer schalle bryng 
Tim furiKijie on Ills schulder bryng, 
A narew towelle, a brode lie-sytie, 
And of hys hondes he lette> hit slyde. 
Babea Book (E. E. T. 8.), 
surnay (ser'na), H. [Hind. Pere. surnd, */</. 
a pipe, hautboy.] An Oriental variety of oboe. 
Surnia (ser'ni-'a), . [NL.(Dumeril, 1806).] A 
notable genus of fitriyvlie, giving name to the 
Xiiriiiiiiie or hawk-owls. The head Is tmooth, with 
no plumfcoms and scarcely defined facial disk, in which 
the eyes are not centric : the wings fold far short of the 
end of the lull, which has twelve lanceolate graduated 
feathers. Ihe feet are feathered to the claws. There Is 
one specie*, 5. tilula (S. /unrrea\ the hawk-owl or day-owl, 
less nocturnal than most owl;, and more like a hawk In 
aspect and habits. It Is found In the northerly and arctic 
regions of both hemispheres. See cut under hawk-out, 
Surniinae (ser-ni-i'ne), w. jil. [NL., < liitrnia + 
-I'II.T.] A subfamily of Strigidse, named from 
the genus Nurnia, of undefiuable character. 
surnominal (ser-nom'i-nal), a. [< F. gurnotn. 
surname (see surname), alter HOIIIIIKI/.] Of or 
relating to surnames. Imp. LHct, 
surnount, H. [< ME. sanmon, < OF. surnoni, sur- 
HIIII. a surname: see surname, and el 1 . //.) A 
surname. 
Tlian seide Merlyn to Vter, -'I will that thow haue sur- 
noon of tlii brother name ; and for love of the dragon that 
appered in the ayre, make a dragon of goolde of trie same 
semblaunce." Merlin (E. E. T. 8.), t 57. 
surpass (ser-pas'), r. t. [< F. niirpasaer (= It. 
sorpassare), pass beyond, < xur-, beyond, + 
passer, pass: see pass.] 1. To exceed; excel: 
go beyond in any way or respect. 
Mir pleasant speech surpassed mine somuch 
That vayne Delight to hiradrest his sute. 
Uascoiyne, Steele Olas (ed. ArlierX p. 51. 
She as far sttrpasseth Sycorax 
As great 'st does least. 
Shalt., Tempest, HI. 2. 110. 
His [Lincoln's] brief speech at Ciettysburg will not easil> 
IK- sttrpassed by words on any recorded occasion. 
Emerson, Lincoln. 
2. To go beyond or past ; exceed ; overrun. 
Nor let the sea 
Surpass his bounds ; nor rain to drown the world. 
Milton, P. L., xi. 94. 
High o'er the wond'ring crowds the whirling circle flew. 
Lri >n tens next a little space mrpant ; 
And third, the strength of god-likc Ajax cast. 
Pope, Iliad, zxiil. 990. 
-Syn. To outdo, outstrip, outrun, transcend, overtop, 
beat. 
surpassable (ser-pas'a-bl), a. [< surpass + 
-able.] Capable of being surpassed or ex- 
ceeded. Imp. f>ict. 
surpassing (ser-pas'ing), f>. n. [Ppr. of surpass. 
r.J Excelling in an eminent degree; greatly 
exceeding others; superior; extreme. 
With mirpatrimj glory crown d. MUton. P. L, Iv. 3i. 
On the threshold stood a Lady of furpansiiuj beauty. 
Barham, Ingoldsby Legends, I. 72. 
surpassingly (ser-pas'ing-li), nrfr. In a sur- 
passing manner ; extremely. 
surpassingness (ser-pas'ing-nes), . The state 
of Deing surpassing. 
Surphult, r. t. [Also surpkal, mi r fill, sur/cl, sur- 
feit, siirjlr; prob. a corruption of sulphur, r.l 
To wash, as the face, with a cosmetic supposed 
to have been prepared from sulphur or mercury, 
called surjiliiiliii;/ irali-r. 
She shall no oftener powder her hair, surjte her cheekt. 
. . . but she shall as often gaze on my picture. 
Fnnl, Love's Sacrifice, U. 1. 
A muddy inside, though a mrphuled face. 
Martian, Scourge of Villanie, L 57. 
surphulingt, . [< KMI-/I/IH/, r.] A cosmeti?. 
And now from thence [Venice] what hither dost thon bring, 
lint mrphiilingt. new paints, and poisoning? 
Mnreton, Satlrei, II. 144. 
