sustain 
His sons, who seek the tyrant t. ....),,,, . . . 
He dooms to ! atli ileserv'd. 
Diydrii, .Kneld, vl. 1121. 
6. To enilurc without failing or yielding; bear 
up against ; si a ml: as, able to sustain a shock. 
But he mutened the hatalle so that noon myght hym i . 
meve I e than it haildc ben a-dongon. 
Merlin (F.. T.. T. S.), Hi. :ts:i. 
I In nlil man, lying downc with his face vpward, *i/x- 
tained the Siinne and showers terrible violence. 
I'tiri-hait, 1'ilgrimage, p. 454. 
Ill qtlalihud to Kiixtiiin a comparison with the awful 
temples ni the middle ages. Macaulai/, Hist. Kng., MI 
At last she raised her e.ye, and sustained the gaze In 
which all hi returning faith seemed concentrated. 
//. James, Jr., Pass. Pilgrim, p. 176. 
7. To suffer; have to submit to; bear; undergo. 
You shall sustain moo new disgraces. 
Shak., lien. VIII., III. 2. 6. 
His subjects and marclmnts Imnc ttwitained sundry 
damages and ablations of their goods. 
llakltnjt's Voyages, I. 148. 
They nutained much trouble in (lermanle. 
I'urcha*, Pilgrimage, p. 161. 
8. To admit or support as correct or valid ; 
hold as well founded: as, the court x/ix/tiinnl 
the action or suit. 9. To support or main- 
tain; establish by ovideuce ; bear out; prove; 
confirm; make good; corroborate: as, such 
facts sustain Ihe statement; the evidence is 
not sufficient to xuxtain the charge. 10. In 
niiisir, of tones, to prolong or hold to full time- 
value: render in a legato or sostenuto manner. 
- Sustaining pedal. Sec pedal. - Syn. 1. To prop. 4. 
Sec living. -8 and 9. To sanction, approve, ratify, justify. 
II. intriiiis. If. To sustain one's self; rest 
for support. 
She . . . thus emlureth, til that she was so mate 
That she ne hath foot on which she may wutene. 
Chaucer, Anellda and Arcite, 1. 177. 
2. To bear; endure; suffer. [Rare.] 
Diogenes's opinion is to be accepted, who commended 
not them which abstained, but them which sustained. 
Bacon, Advancement of Learning, ii. 
6093 
2. The ad of Mi-taining; support; mainte- 
nance; subsistence: as, the suxti-naiice of life. 
So fm Henneny chaced In-to Kcuinn , 
Full ICHIK the kyng ther gaf hym nutinn '. 
At 1'arys died as happned the can. 
Ham. ".' furl, wiii i 1) .. T. 8.). I. 5689. 
There are unto one mil sundry means: as, for the tw- 
tenance of our bodies many kinds of food, many sorts of 
raiment to clothe our nakedness. Uooker. 
3. That which supports life; food; provisions: 
means of living. 
Yet their hacks need not envy their liellles; Blsket, 
Olaves, (Jarltck, and Onions being their principal) male- 
nance. Sandyi, Travailes, p. 14. 
No want was there of human nuteitaare, 
Soft fruitage, mighty nuts, and nourishing root*. 
n. Enoch Arden. 
s-tan'), w. [< sustain, '.] One who 
or that which upholds; a sustainer. 
I lay and slept ; I waked again ; 
For my sustain 
Was the Lord. Mill;,,. Ps. ill. 
sustainable (sns-ta'na-bl), n. [< sustain + 
-able.] Capable of being sustained or main- 
tained : as, the action is not sustainable. X. A. 
Ben., CXX. 463. 
sustained (sus-tand'),j).((. 1. Keptupormain- 
tained uniformly, as at one pitch or level, es- 
pecially a high pitch, or at the same degree, 
especially a high degree. 
Never can a vehement and fiuitained spirit of fortitude 
be kindled in a people by a war of calculation. 
Burke. A Regicide Peace, i. 
Geniuses are commonly believed to excel other men in 
their power of tustained attention. 
W. Jamei, Prin. of Psychol., I. 423. 
2. In her., same as supported: see also sur- 
iiKtiiiilfil . Sustained note or tone, in muxic, a tone 
maintained for several beats or measures in a middle voice- 
part while the other parts progress. Compare organ- 
point. 
sustainer (sus-ta'nr), . [X sustain + -eri.] 
One who or that which sustains, (a) A supporter, 
maintalner, or upholder. 
The first founder, sustainer, and continuer thereof. 
Dr. H. More, Epistles to the Seven Churches, p. 170. 
[(iMlham.) 
(6t) A sufferer. 
But thyself hast a mjdainer heen 
Of much affliction in my cause. 
ctM, ><". Iliad, mill. 524. 
(c) In entom., same as siutentor. 
SUStainment (sus-tan'ment), n. [< ME. KIIX- 
tenentcut, < OF. soustenemcnt, < somttener, sus- 
tain: see stutttiin and -went.] The act of sus- 
taining; maintenance; support; also, one who 
or that which sustains or supports. 
Whan Arthur liadde slain Magloras the klnge that was 
the autenemeat of the saisnes, and the kynge looth hadde 
smyte of the hande of the kynge Syuarus, than tledde thei 
alle. Merlin (E. E. T. 8.X ill. 681. 
They betook them to the Woods, and Hv'd by hunting, 
which was thir only nutainment. Milton, Hist Eng., lii. 
Raising hand and head 
Thither where eyes, that cannot reach, yet yearn 
For all hope, all fustainnifnt, all reward. 
Browning, Ring and Book. Invocation. 
sustenance (sus'te-nans), n. [< ME. suste- 
ninici. xiixtiiiiini-i: < Of. soustenanrc, sustenance, 
F. soutenanrc = Pr. x<ixtrin-nxa = It. sosteneiiza. 
< LL. mi.ttiiientia, a sustaining, endurance, pa- 
tience, < L. snstinen(t-)s. ppr. of sttstinere, sus- 
tain, endure: see sustinent, sustain.'] 1. An 
upholding; the act of bearing. [Rare.] 
The cheerful Httittenance of the cross. 
Barroir, Works (ed. ISW1), VI. SO. 
= Syn. 2. fiubttotence, etc. See Kviny. 
SUStentacle (sus-ten'ta-kl), . [< L. sustenta- 
culum, a prop, support, < susttntarc, hold up, 
support: sec xiixti-iitntr.] If. A prop; support; 
foundation. 
For first it will lie a ground and seat for form* ; ami, 
being Ihnanmntentaeie or foundation, he fitly represented 
by the term earth. 
Dr. //. More, Del. of Moral Cabbala, App. 
2. Same as tnutKutarulnm. 
sustentacular (sus-ten-tak'u-liir), . [< **- 
It iiliiriil(inii) + -iii''- ! . } Supporting: ol' the nn- 
ture of a sustentaculum __ Sustentacular fibers 
Of the retina, a peculiar kind of non-nervous tissue, 
arranged In columns, passing through the thickness ,f the 
retina from the inner to the outer limiting membrane, 
binding together and supporting the more delicate ner- 
vous structures of that membrane, and conferring consis- 
tency upon the whole structure. Also called MiiUfriaii 
ftbert or radial fiberi. Sustentacular process Of the 
calcaneum, the sustentaculum tall (wnlch see, under 
nwUntaculum). Sustentacular tissue, connective tis- 
sue ; especially, the Mullerian fibers (see aliove). 
sustentaculum (sus-ten-tak'u-lum), w. : pi. KUH- 
tentaculu (-)ii). [NL. : see sustentaclr.} A sus- 
taining or supporting part or organ; specifi- 
cally, a strong movable spine inserted near 
the termination of the tarsus of each posterior 
leg, on the under side, in spiders of the genus 
Epeira. Blarlctrnll, 1839 Sustentaculum llenis, 
the suspensory ligament of the spleen, a fold of perito- 
neum between that organ and the diaphragm. Susten- 
taculum tall, the support of the talus or astragalus : 
the large sustentacular process of the calcaneum or heel- 
bone, upon which the astragalus or ankle-bone especially 
rests. See cuts under foot and hock. 
sustentate (sns'ten-tat), r. t. ; pret. and pp. *- 
tenhib'd, ppr. siwtcntating. [< L. sustentatun, 
pp. of sustentare, hold up, support, freq. of 
sustinere, hold up, support, sustain: see xim- 
taiti.] To sustain. [Rare.] 
Stmtentateit, foitffied, corroborated, and consoleil. 
C. Keade, Cloltter and Hearth, ii. 
sustentation (sus-ten-ta'shon), w. [< ME. iw- 
tentacion, < OF. sustentation, sustentariou, F. 
sustenhition = Sp. sustentacion != Pg. migtentii- 
ySo = It. xuxtentuzione, sostentasione, < L. sus- 
tentatio(n-), delay, forbearance, sustenance, lit. 
' a holding up,' < sustentare, pp. suxtentatus, hold 
up, support: Beesitstentate.] 1. Support; pres- 
ervation from falling or sinking. 
These foure are the most notable pyllers or sustenta- 
ciont that the earth hath in heauen. 
R. Kden, tr. of Francisco Lopez (First Books on America, 
[ed. Arber, p. >'. 
These steams, once raised above the earth, have their 
ascent and nwtentation aloft promoted by the air. Boyle. 
2. Maintenance; especially, support of life: 
sustenance. 
Quat brothyr or systyr schal comyn Into this fratemlte, 
he schal payen. to the gvstentacion of this gylde. r. 8.. 
quannc that he may resonabely. 
Ent^uh Gilds (E. E. T. S.), p. 67. 
Necessary prouision of victuals, and whatsoeuer els mans 
life for the nwtentation thereof ahall require. 
llaHuyt'l Voyayet, II. 807. 
It (the chameleon] is ... a very abstemious animal, 
and such as by reason of its frigidity, paucity of blood, and 
latitancy In the winter . . . will luni: subsist without a 
visible ntuitentaKon. Sir T. Browne, Vnlg. Err., III. 21. 
Sustentation fund, a fund collected from various con- 
gregations, and employed in sustaining the clergy of a 
church; specifically, In the Free Church of Scotland, a 
fund out of which an equal dividend is paid to ministers 
in charge of congregations ; this Is generally supplement- 
ed by further contributions to the clergymen's stipends. 
paid either from the fund or by their congregations. In 
the Presbyterian churches In the United States contrihii- 
tfons for snstentation are devoted to the supplementing 
of the incomes of pastors whose congregations are unable 
to afford them adequate support. 
SUStentative (sus-ten'ta-tiv), n. [< sustentate 
+ -ire.] Sustaining; maintaining; affording 
nourishment or subsistence. 
Each cell, or that element of a tissue which proceeds 
from the modification of a cell, must needs retain Its ma 
tentative functions so long as ft grows or maintains a con- 
ilition of equilibrium. llmrirti. Anat. Invert , ]>. 2s. 
Suthora 
SUStentator (sus'ten ta-ti.r), ii. [< NL. .>'' N 
tntur.< \i. siisti iituri . pp. xHsti nttitii.s, hold up: 
>!! Slistl-lltlltl'.] Ill Illlllt. Mllll .Illll.. '.I MlStllill- 
ing part or structure: a -iiMi-nla'-iiluin or -iiv 
tentor (sic tln'si- words i. Sustentator tunlcse 
mUCOSae, a thin ntratlliu of lontrllHilinal niUM-ular nlK>rs 
I ift u ITU tin- milfoils mi nililane anil the Inti-i na! Hphini-t. i 
of the anus. Also called dfrrti'.intor <-nt, 
Sustention (sus-tcn'shon), n. [< L. I 
tl //(-), < Xll.stllll I'l , pjl. XHslrillHS, Sllstail; 
siisltiiii.] The act of sustaining: sustainiiieut. 
| Hare.] 
A feeling capable of prolonged fuxteiitu n 
LoveU, stuity Windows, p. 277. 
SUStentor (sus-ten'tor), ii. [< _NL. fuxtrutiir, < 
< . pp. xiixti-iitHx, sustain : see sustain. \ 
In intinii., a sustentator; specifically, of the 
chrysalis of a butterfly, one of two projections 
(homologous with the soles of the anal prolegs 
of the larva) which assume various forms, but 
are always directed forward so as easily to 
catch hold of the retaining membrane. Also 
*iis/iiini r. SttBtentor ridge, one of two ridges leading 
to the snstentors ; It Is homologous with the limb of th. 
anal proleg. 
sustert, a. Aii obsolete variant of nixi< r. 
sustinancet, An old spelling of >< 
sustinentt (sus'ti-neut), n. [< L. siu>tinen(t-)s, 
ppr. ul' sintiiiiri', support, sustain: see sustain. 
t'f. sHxti-inlin-i-.] Sll])pOrt. 
And our right arnic the Weedowe's ttatineuL 
Daviet, Mlcrocosmus, p. 70. (Dane* i 
BUStrent, An ol>soleteplural of ulster, 
SUSU (s8 88), . [Beng.] The Gaiigetic dolphin. 
I'liitanistti f/<nii/etir(i. Also soosoo. See cut un- 
der PlattiHista. Enci/c. ISrit., XII. 743. 
susumber (su'sum-l>er), n. The macaw-bush. 
See Nolannm. 
susurrant (sn-sur'ant), a. [= Sj>. Pg. It. susur- 
rnnte, < L. susurriin(t-)s, ppr. of susurrare (> 
It. susurrare, siissurare = Sp. Pg. snsttrrnr). 
murmur, whisper, < susurrmi, a murmuring, 
whispering: see suxurrus.] Murmuring; sigh- 
ing; whispering; susurrous. 
The soft fiti-iirriint sigh, an.l gently murmuring kiss. 
Poetry of AnKjacatrin, p. 146. (Dame*. ) 
susurration (su-su-ra'shon), . [= F. susumi- 
tion = Sp. sugurrafion = It. suttitrrnzione. < LL. 
xHSHrr<iti<i(n-).n whispering, < Ij.susurrare, mur- 
mur, whisper: see mumrrant.] A whispering; 
a soft murmur. 
They resembled those soft twwrratimui of the trees 
wherewith they conversed. 
Unwell, Vocall Forrest, p. 2. (Lathatn.1 
Over all the dunes there Is a constant nimirration, a 
blattering and swarming of Crustacea. 
Harper' i May., IX XVI. 7S6. 
susurringly (su-sur'ing-li), rfc. In the man- 
ner of a whisper; whisperingly. Kntyr. Diet. 
[Rare.] 
susurrous (su-sur'us), . [< L. susiirriis, mur- 
muring, whispering, < susurrux, a murmuring, 
a whispering: see suxurru*.] Whispering; full 
of sounds resembling whispers; rustling. 
There were eyes peering through, and a gentle, nimr- 
rota whispering. H'. //. iiumell, I iiai > In India, II. 247. 
SUSUrms (su-snr'us), n. [= Sp. Pg. It. susurro, 
< L. sumimis, a murmuring, humming, buzzing, 
whispering, an imitative reduplication of v/ stir 
= Skt. srar, sound.] A soft murmuring or 
humming sound ; a whisper ; a murmur. 
The chant of their vespers, 
Mingling Its notes with the soft mm mm and sighs of the 
branches. Longfellow, Evangellne, it. 4. 
sutet, . and r. An obsolete form of ttuit. 
sutelyt, adr. An obsolete form of suitly. 
sutert, . An obsolete form of suitor. 
Sutherlandla (suTH-er-Iand'i-il), . [NL. (R. 
Brown, 1811), named after James Sutherland, a 
Scottish botanist (end of 17th century).] A ge- 
nus of leguminous plants, of the tribe Ualtgeir 
and subtribe Colutcfp. It Is characterized by flowers 
with an erect banner-petal, prominent and somewhat 
acute keel, longitudinally bearded style, and small termi- 
nal stigma, followed by a membranous inflated ovoid pod, 
with reniforni seeds. The only species, S. fnitexent, is 
a hoary South African shrub, with odd-pinnate leaves of 
numerous entire leaflets, and handsome scarlet flowers 
grouped In short axillary mcemes. It Is known in Eng- 
lish gardens as Cape bladder-senna ; Its powdered roots 
and leaves are said to hare been useful in diseases of the 
Suthora (sii-tho'ra), n. [XL. (Hodgson, 1838).] 
A genus of babbling thrushes, of the group 
Crateropodes, or family Timeliidte. The bill has 
much greater depth than breadth opposite the nostrils, the 
rictal bristles are nearly obsolete, the nostrils are hidden by 
antrorse plumules, the wings and tall are of al>ont the same 
length, and the culminal ridge is rounded and tapers to 
a point. About a dozen species inhabit the Himalayan 
regions, extending through the hills of Assam and Burma 
